Odontotermes formosanus: Difference between revisions
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'''''Odontotermes formosanus''''' is a species of fungus-growing [[termite]] in the family [[Termitidae]]. It is native to [[Formosa]].<ref name=Snyder>{{cite book |author=Snyder, Thomas Elliot|title=Catalog of the Termites (Isoptera) of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jek_AAAAYAAJ |year=1949 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |pages=227–228}}</ref> This termite cultivates a [[Symbiosis|symbiotic]] fungus in a special chamber in the nest. Workers and soldiers gather vegetable [[detritus]] which they bring back to the colony, chewing the material to a pulp to make a suitable substrate on which to grow the fungus.<ref name=Khan>{{cite book|author1=Khan, Md. Aslam|author2=Ahmad, Wasim |title=Termites and Sustainable Management: Volume 2 - Economic Losses and Management |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fipBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA61 |year=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-68726-1 |pages=61–69}}</ref> |
'''''Odontotermes formosanus''''' is a species of fungus-growing [[termite]] in the family [[Termitidae]]. It is native to southeastern Asia and was first described from [[Formosa]].<ref name=Snyder>{{cite book |author=Snyder, Thomas Elliot|title=Catalog of the Termites (Isoptera) of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jek_AAAAYAAJ |year=1949 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |pages=227–228}}</ref> This termite cultivates a [[Symbiosis|symbiotic]] fungus in a special chamber in the nest. Workers and soldiers gather vegetable [[detritus]] which they bring back to the colony, chewing the material to a pulp to make a suitable substrate on which to grow the fungus.<ref name=Khan>{{cite book|author1=Khan, Md. Aslam|author2=Ahmad, Wasim |title=Termites and Sustainable Management: Volume 2 - Economic Losses and Management |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fipBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA61 |year=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-68726-1 |pages=61–69}}</ref> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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''Odontotermes formosanus'' has a widespread distribution in southeastern Asia, its range including China, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and India. It is a common subterranean species and is a [[Pest (organism)|pest]] of forests, plantations and crops. It also forms nests in earthen dams, and can cause dams and dykes to collapse and do damage to pipework.<ref name=Huang>{{cite journal |author=Huang, Q.; Sun, P.; Zhou, X.; Lei, C. |year=2012 |title=Characterization of Head Transcriptome and Analysis of Gene Expression Involved in Caste Differentiation and Aggression in ''Odontotermes formosanus'' (Shiraki) |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=7 |issue=11 |pages=e50383 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0050383 }}</ref> |
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==The colony== |
==The colony== |
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Revision as of 20:40, 21 February 2021
| Odontotermes formosanus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Blattodea |
| Infraorder: | Isoptera |
| Family: | Termitidae |
| Genus: | Odontotermes |
| Species: | O. formosanus
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| Binomial name | |
| Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki, 1909)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Termes formosana | |
Odontotermes formosanus is a species of fungus-growing termite in the family Termitidae. It is native to southeastern Asia and was first described from Formosa.[1] This termite cultivates a symbiotic fungus in a special chamber in the nest. Workers and soldiers gather vegetable detritus which they bring back to the colony, chewing the material to a pulp to make a suitable substrate on which to grow the fungus.[2]
Distribution and habitat
Odontotermes formosanus has a widespread distribution in southeastern Asia, its range including China, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and India. It is a common subterranean species and is a pest of forests, plantations and crops. It also forms nests in earthen dams, and can cause dams and dykes to collapse and do damage to pipework.[3]
The colony
A colony of Odontotermes formosanus consists of a number of large and small chambers forming the nest, linked by a complex of galleries. The workers and soldiers leave the nest area to forage in the surroundings, travelling as far as 35 m (115 ft) in their search for suitable materials to collect for their fungus garden. When a suitable source is found, a circular gallery is built around it to ease its collection, and mud is used to make tubes along which the termites travel to and fro. The searching worker repeatedly touches the tip of its abdomen to the substrate to lay down a pheromone trail to guide other termites to what it finds. The secretion produced contains two chemicals mixed together, and by varying the proportions of each chemical deposited, the original termite can provide extra information to the recipient termites, which are following along behind.[4]
References
- ^ a b Snyder, Thomas Elliot (1949). Catalog of the Termites (Isoptera) of the World. Smithsonian Institution. pp. 227–228.
- ^ Khan, Md. Aslam; Ahmad, Wasim (2017). Termites and Sustainable Management: Volume 2 - Economic Losses and Management. Springer. pp. 61–69. ISBN 978-3-319-68726-1.
- ^ Huang, Q.; Sun, P.; Zhou, X.; Lei, C. (2012). "Characterization of Head Transcriptome and Analysis of Gene Expression Involved in Caste Differentiation and Aggression in Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)". PLoS ONE. 7 (11): e50383. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050383.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Wen, Ping; Ji, B-Z.; Sillam-Dussès, D. (2014). "Trail Communication Regulated by Two Trail Pheromone Components in the Fungus-Growing Termite Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki". PLoS ONE. 9 (3): e90906. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090906.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)