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The '''dorsal attention network''' ('''DAN'''), also known anatomically as '''dorsal frontoparietal network''' ('''D-FPN'''), is a [[large-scale brain network]] of the human brain that is primarily composed of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and frontal eye fields (FEF).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Farrant|first1=Kristafor|last2=Uddin|first2=Lucina Q.|date=2015-02-12|title=Asymmetric development of dorsal and ventral attention networks in the human brain|journal=Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience|volume=12|pages=165–174|doi=10.1016/j.dcn.2015.02.001|issn=1878-9293|pmc=4396619|pmid=25797238}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Astafiev | first1 = S. V. | last2 = Shulman | first2 = G. I. | last3 = Stanley | first3 = C. M. | last4 = Snyder | first4 = A. Z. | last5 = Van Essen | first5 = D. C. | last6 = Corbetta | first6 = M. | year = 2003 | title = Functional organization of human intraparietal and frontal cortex for attending, looking, and pointing| pmid = 12805308 | pmc = 6740811 | journal = Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 23 | issue = 11| pages = 4689–4699 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04689.2003 }}</ref> It is named and most known for its role in voluntary visuospatial [[attention]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kincade | first1 = J. M. | last2 = Abrams | first2 = R. A. | last3 = Astafiev | first3 = S. V. | last4 = Shulman | first4 = G. I. | last5 = Corbetta | first5 = M. | year = 2005 | title = An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Voluntary and Stimulus-Driven Orienting of Attention| journal = Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 25 | issue = 18| pages = 4593–4604 | doi=10.1523/jneurosci.0236-05.2005| pmid = 15872107 | pmc = 6725019 }}</ref> Its general function is top-down selection of stimuli and responses.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Fox | first1 = M.D. | last2 = Corbetta | first2 = M. | last3 = Snyder | first3 = A.Z. | last4 = Vincent | first4 = J.L. | last5 = Raichle | first5 = M.E. | year = 2006 | title = Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems | journal = PNAS | volume = 103 | issue = 26| pages = 10046–10051 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0604187103| pmid = 16788060 | pmc = 1480402 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Corbetta |first1=M |last2=Shulman |first2=GL |title=Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. |journal=Nature reviews. Neuroscience |date=March 2002 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=201-15 |doi=10.1038/nrn755 |pmid=11994752}}</ref>
The '''dorsal attention network''' ('''DAN'''), also known anatomically as '''dorsal frontoparietal network''' ('''D-FPN'''), is a [[large-scale brain network]] of the human brain that is primarily composed of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and frontal eye fields (FEF).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Farrant|first1=Kristafor|last2=Uddin|first2=Lucina Q.|date=2015-02-12|title=Asymmetric development of dorsal and ventral attention networks in the human brain|journal=Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience|volume=12|pages=165–174|doi=10.1016/j.dcn.2015.02.001|issn=1878-9293|pmc=4396619|pmid=25797238}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Astafiev | first1 = S. V. | last2 = Shulman | first2 = G. I. | last3 = Stanley | first3 = C. M. | last4 = Snyder | first4 = A. Z. | last5 = Van Essen | first5 = D. C. | last6 = Corbetta | first6 = M. | year = 2003 | title = Functional organization of human intraparietal and frontal cortex for attending, looking, and pointing| pmid = 12805308 | pmc = 6740811 | journal = Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 23 | issue = 11| pages = 4689–4699 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04689.2003 }}</ref> It is named and most known for its role in voluntary visuospatial [[attention]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kincade | first1 = J. M. | last2 = Abrams | first2 = R. A. | last3 = Astafiev | first3 = S. V. | last4 = Shulman | first4 = G. I. | last5 = Corbetta | first5 = M. | year = 2005 | title = An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Voluntary and Stimulus-Driven Orienting of Attention| journal = Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 25 | issue = 18| pages = 4593–4604 | doi=10.1523/jneurosci.0236-05.2005| pmid = 15872107 | pmc = 6725019 }}</ref> Its general function is top-down selection of stimuli and responses.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Fox | first1 = M.D. | last2 = Corbetta | first2 = M. | last3 = Snyder | first3 = A.Z. | last4 = Vincent | first4 = J.L. | last5 = Raichle | first5 = M.E. | year = 2006 | title = Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems | journal = PNAS | volume = 103 | issue = 26| pages = 10046–10051 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0604187103| pmid = 16788060 | pmc = 1480402 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Corbetta |first1=M |last2=Shulman |first2=GL |title=Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. |journal=Nature reviews. Neuroscience |date=March 2002 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=201-15 |doi=10.1038/nrn755 |pmid=11994752}}</ref>


As the IPS and FEF were noticed to be activated during many attention-demanding tasks, this network was sometimes referred to as the '''task-positive network''' to contrast it against the [[task-negative network]].<ref name="FoxSnyder2005">{{cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=M. D.|last2=Snyder|first2=A. Z.|last3=Vincent|first3=J. L.|last4=Corbetta|first4=M.|last5=Van Essen|first5=D. C.|last6=Raichle|first6=M. E.|title=From The Cover: The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=102|issue=27|year=2005|pages=9673–9678|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.0504136102|pmid=15976020|pmc=1157105}}</ref> However, this dichotomy is now considered misleading because the "task-negative network" can be active in certain cognitive tasks.<ref name="Spreng2012">{{Cite journal|title = The fallacy of a "task-negative" network|journal = Frontiers in Psychology|date = 2012-01-01|issn = 1664-1078|pmc = 3349953|pmid = 22593750|pages = 145|volume = 3|doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00145|first = R. Nathan|last = Spreng}}</ref>
As it is activated during many attention-demanding tasks, it is sometimes referred to as the '''task-positive network'''.


== Task-positive ==
== Task-positive ==
The '''task-positive network''' is a network of areas in the human brain that typically responds with activation increases to [[attention]]-demanding tasks in functional imaging studies.<ref name="FoxSnyder2005">{{cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=M. D.|last2=Snyder|first2=A. Z.|last3=Vincent|first3=J. L.|last4=Corbetta|first4=M.|last5=Van Essen|first5=D. C.|last6=Raichle|first6=M. E.|title=From The Cover: The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=102|issue=27|year=2005|pages=9673–9678|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.0504136102|pmid=15976020|pmc=1157105}}</ref> The task-positive network encompasses regions of the dorsal attention system, but in addition includes [[Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex|dorsolateral]] and [[Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex|ventrolateral prefrontal regions]], the [[insular cortex]], and the [[supplementary motor area]].<ref name="FoxSnyder2005" /> Recent work indicates that the [[cerebellum]] may participate in this network as well.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Somers|first=David C.|last2=Halko|first2=Mark A.|last3=Levin|first3=Emily J.|last4=Osher|first4=David E.|last5=Tobyne|first5=Sean M.|last6=Brissenden|first6=James A.|date=2018-11-05|title=Topographic Cortico-cerebellar Networks Revealed by Visual Attention and Working Memory|url= |journal=Current Biology|language=English|volume=28|issue=21|pages=3364–3372.e5|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.059|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30344119|pmc=6257946}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Somers|first=David C.|last2=Halko|first2=Mark A.|last3=Osher|first3=David E.|last4=Levin|first4=Emily J.|last5=Brissenden|first5=James A.|date=2016-06-01|title=Functional Evidence for a Cerebellar Node of the Dorsal Attention Network|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|language=en|volume=36|issue=22|pages=6083–6096|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0344-16.2016|issn=0270-6474|pmid=27251628|pmc=4887569}}</ref> Notably, the nodes of this network are also correlated during rest (i.e., in the absence of any task).<ref name="FoxSnyder2005" /> The task-positive network is anti-correlated with the [[default mode network]].<ref name="FoxSnyder2005" /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Fransson|first=P.|title=Spontaneous low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations: an fMRI investigation of the resting-state default mode of brain function hypothesis.|journal=Human Brain Mapping|date=2005|volume=26|issue=1|pages=15–29|doi=10.1002/hbm.20113|pmid=15852468|pmc=6871700}}</ref> Competing activation between the task-positive network and the default mode network at the time of memory encoding has been shown to result in poor long-term memory consolidation.<ref name="LefebvreD’Angiulli2019">{{cite journal|last1=Lefebvre|first1=Etienne|last2=D’Angiulli|first2=Amedeo|title=Imagery-Mediated Verbal Learning Depends on Vividness–Familiarity Interactions: The Possible Role of Dualistic Resting State Network Activity Interference|journal=Brain Sciences|volume=9|issue=6|year=2019|pages=143|issn=2076-3425|doi=10.3390/brainsci9060143|pmid=31216699|pmc=6627679}}</ref>
The '''task-positive network''' is a network of areas in the human brain that typically responds with activation increases to [[attention]]-demanding tasks in functional imaging studies.<ref name="FoxSnyder2005" /> The task-positive network encompasses regions of the dorsal attention system, but in addition includes [[Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex|dorsolateral]] and [[Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex|ventrolateral prefrontal regions]], the [[insular cortex]], and the [[supplementary motor area]].<ref name="FoxSnyder2005" /> Recent work indicates that the [[cerebellum]] may participate in this network as well.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Somers|first=David C.|last2=Halko|first2=Mark A.|last3=Levin|first3=Emily J.|last4=Osher|first4=David E.|last5=Tobyne|first5=Sean M.|last6=Brissenden|first6=James A.|date=2018-11-05|title=Topographic Cortico-cerebellar Networks Revealed by Visual Attention and Working Memory|url= |journal=Current Biology|language=English|volume=28|issue=21|pages=3364–3372.e5|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.059|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30344119|pmc=6257946}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Somers|first=David C.|last2=Halko|first2=Mark A.|last3=Osher|first3=David E.|last4=Levin|first4=Emily J.|last5=Brissenden|first5=James A.|date=2016-06-01|title=Functional Evidence for a Cerebellar Node of the Dorsal Attention Network|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|language=en|volume=36|issue=22|pages=6083–6096|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0344-16.2016|issn=0270-6474|pmid=27251628|pmc=4887569}}</ref> Notably, the nodes of this network are also correlated during rest (i.e., in the absence of any task).<ref name="FoxSnyder2005" /> The task-positive network is anti-correlated with the [[default mode network]].<ref name="FoxSnyder2005" /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Fransson|first=P.|title=Spontaneous low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations: an fMRI investigation of the resting-state default mode of brain function hypothesis.|journal=Human Brain Mapping|date=2005|volume=26|issue=1|pages=15–29|doi=10.1002/hbm.20113|pmid=15852468|pmc=6871700}}</ref> Competing activation between the task-positive network and the default mode network at the time of memory encoding has been shown to result in poor long-term memory consolidation.<ref name="LefebvreD’Angiulli2019">{{cite journal|last1=Lefebvre|first1=Etienne|last2=D’Angiulli|first2=Amedeo|title=Imagery-Mediated Verbal Learning Depends on Vividness–Familiarity Interactions: The Possible Role of Dualistic Resting State Network Activity Interference|journal=Brain Sciences|volume=9|issue=6|year=2019|pages=143|issn=2076-3425|doi=10.3390/brainsci9060143|pmid=31216699|pmc=6627679}}</ref>


During rest the task-positive network has been claimed to subserve intermittent "external awareness", defined as the conscious perception through different sensory modalities of one's surrounding environment{{explain|date=June 2016}}.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Vanhaudenhuyse|first=Audrey |author2=Demertzi, Athena |author3=Schabus, Manuel |author4=Noirhomme, Quentin |author5=Bredart, Serge |author6=Boly, Melanie |author7=Phillips, Christophe |author8=Soddu, Andrea |author9=Luxen, Andre |author10=Moonen, Gustave |author11=Laureys, Steven|title=Two Distinct Neuronal Networks Mediate the Awareness of Environment and of Self|journal=Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience|date=1 March 2011|volume=23|issue=3|pages=570–578|doi=10.1162/jocn.2010.21488 |pmid=20515407}}</ref>
During rest the task-positive network has been claimed to subserve intermittent "external awareness", defined as the conscious perception through different sensory modalities of one's surrounding environment{{explain|date=June 2016}}.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Vanhaudenhuyse|first=Audrey |author2=Demertzi, Athena |author3=Schabus, Manuel |author4=Noirhomme, Quentin |author5=Bredart, Serge |author6=Boly, Melanie |author7=Phillips, Christophe |author8=Soddu, Andrea |author9=Luxen, Andre |author10=Moonen, Gustave |author11=Laureys, Steven|title=Two Distinct Neuronal Networks Mediate the Awareness of Environment and of Self|journal=Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience|date=1 March 2011|volume=23|issue=3|pages=570–578|doi=10.1162/jocn.2010.21488 |pmid=20515407}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:27, 28 May 2021

The dorsal attention network (DAN), also known anatomically as dorsal frontoparietal network (D-FPN), is a large-scale brain network of the human brain that is primarily composed of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and frontal eye fields (FEF).[1][2] It is named and most known for its role in voluntary visuospatial attention.[3] Its general function is top-down selection of stimuli and responses.[4][5]

As the IPS and FEF were noticed to be activated during many attention-demanding tasks, this network was sometimes referred to as the task-positive network to contrast it against the task-negative network.[6] However, this dichotomy is now considered misleading because the "task-negative network" can be active in certain cognitive tasks.[7]

Task-positive

The task-positive network is a network of areas in the human brain that typically responds with activation increases to attention-demanding tasks in functional imaging studies.[6] The task-positive network encompasses regions of the dorsal attention system, but in addition includes dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal regions, the insular cortex, and the supplementary motor area.[6] Recent work indicates that the cerebellum may participate in this network as well.[8][9] Notably, the nodes of this network are also correlated during rest (i.e., in the absence of any task).[6] The task-positive network is anti-correlated with the default mode network.[6][10] Competing activation between the task-positive network and the default mode network at the time of memory encoding has been shown to result in poor long-term memory consolidation.[11]

During rest the task-positive network has been claimed to subserve intermittent "external awareness", defined as the conscious perception through different sensory modalities of one's surrounding environment[further explanation needed].[12]

Function

During performance of attention-demanding tasks, prefrontal and parietal structures that comprise the task-positive network are characterized by increases in activation; in contrast, default mode network structures, including posterior cingulate[further explanation needed] and medial prefrontal cortices, are characterized by decreased activity. During wakeful rest, the opposite pattern emerges, with the default mode network becoming more active and the task-positive network less active.[13]

References

  1. ^ Farrant, Kristafor; Uddin, Lucina Q. (2015-02-12). "Asymmetric development of dorsal and ventral attention networks in the human brain". Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 12: 165–174. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.02.001. ISSN 1878-9293. PMC 4396619. PMID 25797238.
  2. ^ Astafiev, S. V.; Shulman, G. I.; Stanley, C. M.; Snyder, A. Z.; Van Essen, D. C.; Corbetta, M. (2003). "Functional organization of human intraparietal and frontal cortex for attending, looking, and pointing". Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (11): 4689–4699. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04689.2003. PMC 6740811. PMID 12805308.
  3. ^ Kincade, J. M.; Abrams, R. A.; Astafiev, S. V.; Shulman, G. I.; Corbetta, M. (2005). "An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Voluntary and Stimulus-Driven Orienting of Attention". Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (18): 4593–4604. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0236-05.2005. PMC 6725019. PMID 15872107.
  4. ^ Fox, M.D.; Corbetta, M.; Snyder, A.Z.; Vincent, J.L.; Raichle, M.E. (2006). "Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems". PNAS. 103 (26): 10046–10051. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604187103. PMC 1480402. PMID 16788060.
  5. ^ Corbetta, M; Shulman, GL (March 2002). "Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain". Nature reviews. Neuroscience. 3 (3): 201–15. doi:10.1038/nrn755. PMID 11994752.
  6. ^ a b c d e Fox, M. D.; Snyder, A. Z.; Vincent, J. L.; Corbetta, M.; Van Essen, D. C.; Raichle, M. E. (2005). "From The Cover: The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (27): 9673–9678. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504136102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1157105. PMID 15976020.
  7. ^ Spreng, R. Nathan (2012-01-01). "The fallacy of a "task-negative" network". Frontiers in Psychology. 3: 145. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00145. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 3349953. PMID 22593750.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ Somers, David C.; Halko, Mark A.; Levin, Emily J.; Osher, David E.; Tobyne, Sean M.; Brissenden, James A. (2018-11-05). "Topographic Cortico-cerebellar Networks Revealed by Visual Attention and Working Memory". Current Biology. 28 (21): 3364–3372.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.059. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 6257946. PMID 30344119.
  9. ^ Somers, David C.; Halko, Mark A.; Osher, David E.; Levin, Emily J.; Brissenden, James A. (2016-06-01). "Functional Evidence for a Cerebellar Node of the Dorsal Attention Network". Journal of Neuroscience. 36 (22): 6083–6096. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0344-16.2016. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 4887569. PMID 27251628.
  10. ^ Fransson, P. (2005). "Spontaneous low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations: an fMRI investigation of the resting-state default mode of brain function hypothesis". Human Brain Mapping. 26 (1): 15–29. doi:10.1002/hbm.20113. PMC 6871700. PMID 15852468.
  11. ^ Lefebvre, Etienne; D’Angiulli, Amedeo (2019). "Imagery-Mediated Verbal Learning Depends on Vividness–Familiarity Interactions: The Possible Role of Dualistic Resting State Network Activity Interference". Brain Sciences. 9 (6): 143. doi:10.3390/brainsci9060143. ISSN 2076-3425. PMC 6627679. PMID 31216699.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ^ Vanhaudenhuyse, Audrey; Demertzi, Athena; Schabus, Manuel; Noirhomme, Quentin; Bredart, Serge; Boly, Melanie; Phillips, Christophe; Soddu, Andrea; Luxen, Andre; Moonen, Gustave; Laureys, Steven (1 March 2011). "Two Distinct Neuronal Networks Mediate the Awareness of Environment and of Self". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 23 (3): 570–578. doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21488. PMID 20515407.
  13. ^ Hamilton, J.Paul (2011). "Default-Mode and Task-Positive Network Activity in Major Depressive Disorder: Implications for Adaptive and Maladaptive Rumination" (PDF). Biological Psychiatry. 70 (4): 327–333. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.003. PMC 3144981. PMID 21459364. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
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