Ctenophorus decresii: Difference between revisions
Edickerson1 (talk | contribs) Added description, conservation, reproduction & life cycle, mating |
Fix cite date error |
||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
== Description == |
== Description == |
||
It was thought that variations of color in these lizards was because of different levels in sexual maturity. However, these variations are most likely due to environmental conditions such as “maternal effects, incubation conditions or post-hatching conditions”. There is also a possibility that genetics are primarily responsible for the variations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Teasdale|first=L. C.|last2=Stevens|first2=M.|last3=Stuart-Fox|first3=D.|date=2013|title=Discrete colour polymorphism in the tawny dragon lizard (Ctenophorus decresii) and differences in signal conspicuousness among morphs|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jeb.12115|journal=Journal of Evolutionary Biology|language=en|volume=26|issue=5|pages=1035–1046|doi=10.1111/jeb.12115|issn=1420-9101}}</ref> These lizards are often characterized by the color of their throats. The colors of these male lizards can vary, but they are usually orange only, yellow only, orange surrounded by yellow, or grey only throats. The colors can also vary in degree of intensity and are due to different lineages, northern and southern. |
It was thought that variations of color in these lizards was because of different levels in sexual maturity. However, these variations are most likely due to environmental conditions such as “maternal effects, incubation conditions or post-hatching conditions”. There is also a possibility that genetics are primarily responsible for the variations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Teasdale|first=L. C.|last2=Stevens|first2=M.|last3=Stuart-Fox|first3=D.|date=2013|title=Discrete colour polymorphism in the tawny dragon lizard (Ctenophorus decresii) and differences in signal conspicuousness among morphs|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jeb.12115|journal=Journal of Evolutionary Biology|language=en|volume=26|issue=5|pages=1035–1046|doi=10.1111/jeb.12115|issn=1420-9101}}</ref> These lizards are often characterized by the color of their throats. The colors of these male lizards can vary, but they are usually orange only, yellow only, orange surrounded by yellow, or grey only throats. The colors can also vary in degree of intensity and are due to different lineages, northern and southern.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=McLean|first=Claire A|last2=Bartle|first2=Richard A|last3=Dong|first3=Caroline M|last4=Rankin|first4=Katrina J|last5=Stuart-Fox|first5=Devi|date=2020-10-01|title=Divergent male and female mate preferences do not explain incipient speciation between lizard lineages|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoaa010|journal=Current Zoology|volume=66|issue=5|pages=485–492|doi=10.1093/cz/zoaa010|issn=2396-9814|pmc=7705505|pmid=33293929}}</ref> Males with orange throats tend to be more aggressive when it comes to defending their territory. It is still unclear how the lineages of females impact the expression of their colors especially since females from wither lineage tend to have the same coloration.<ref name=":5" /> From this, it can be concluded that throat color in these lizards is polymorphic specifically in determining whether the phenotype is yellow or orange. Although both colors are polymorphic, the yellow color is also greatly influenced by environment and levels of testosterone present. Polymorphism and environmental factors play major roles in color expression, but it is impossible to say which one is more significant without genomic analysis and linkage mapping.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rankin|first=Katrina J.|last2=McLean|first2=Claire A.|last3=Kemp|first3=Darrell J.|last4=Stuart-Fox|first4=Devi|date=2016-09-06|title=The genetic basis of discrete and quantitative colour variation in the polymorphic lizard, Ctenophorus decresii|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0757-2|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=179|doi=10.1186/s12862-016-0757-2|issn=1471-2148|pmc=5012029|pmid=27600682}}</ref> |
||
== Reproduction == |
== Reproduction == |
||
=== Fertilization === |
=== Fertilization === |
||
Ctenophorus decresii are characterized by their ability to produce multiple clutches in a year but a short lifespan.<ref>McFadden, Michael, and Peter S. Harlow. "Captive reproduction and longevity in Tawny Crevice (Ctenophorus decresii) and Central Netted Dragons (C. nuchalis)." ''HERPETOFAUNA-SYDNEY-'' 37.1 (2007): 22.</ref> Incubation temperature affects the hatchling tail length and sex. At intermediate incubation temperatures, the proportion of males to females was much higher compared to extreme incubation temperatures (very high or very low) where females were the only sex seen. This shows that the season in which the females lay the eggs is good indicator of which sex will be seen in the hatchlings and body size, also known as temperature-dependent sex determination. Very low incubation temperatures are often associated with slower, less developed hatchlings. If incubated at a suitable temperature, hatchlings will have a higher body mass. These individuals will also have a higher probability of reproductive success especially in terms of clutch size and offspring body mass. Studies suggest that body mass is also influenced by the length of incubation. Eggs laid closer to the beginning of the season have more time to develop thus giving them more of an opportunity to gain more body mass. On the other hand, those laid later in the season do not have the same opportunity. Larger body sizes provide an advantage to males and females. Males are better able to defend their territories, and females have higher fecundity. Males with more territory also had larger body masses. |
Ctenophorus decresii are characterized by their ability to produce multiple clutches in a year but a short lifespan.<ref>McFadden, Michael, and Peter S. Harlow. "Captive reproduction and longevity in Tawny Crevice (Ctenophorus decresii) and Central Netted Dragons (C. nuchalis)." ''HERPETOFAUNA-SYDNEY-'' 37.1 (2007): 22.</ref> Incubation temperature affects the hatchling tail length and sex. At intermediate incubation temperatures, the proportion of males to females was much higher compared to extreme incubation temperatures (very high or very low) where females were the only sex seen. This shows that the season in which the females lay the eggs is good indicator of which sex will be seen in the hatchlings and body size, also known as temperature-dependent sex determination. Very low incubation temperatures are often associated with slower, less developed hatchlings. If incubated at a suitable temperature, hatchlings will have a higher body mass. These individuals will also have a higher probability of reproductive success especially in terms of clutch size and offspring body mass. Studies suggest that body mass is also influenced by the length of incubation. Eggs laid closer to the beginning of the season have more time to develop thus giving them more of an opportunity to gain more body mass. On the other hand, those laid later in the season do not have the same opportunity. Larger body sizes provide an advantage to males and females. Males are better able to defend their territories, and females have higher fecundity. Males with more territory also had larger body masses.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Harlow|first=Peter S.|date=December 2000|title=Incubation Temperature Determines Hatchling Sex in Australian Rock Dragons (Agamidae: Genus Ctenophorus)|url=https://bioone.org/journals/copeia/volume-2000/issue-4/0045-8511_2000_000_0958_ITDHSI_2.0.CO_2/Incubation-Temperature-Determines-Hatchling-Sex-in-Australian-Rock-Dragons-Agamidae/10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0958:ITDHSI]2.0.CO;2.full|journal=Copeia|volume=2000|issue=4|pages=958–964|doi=10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0958:ITDHSI]2.0.CO;2|issn=0045-8511}}</ref> |
||
== Mating == |
== Mating == |
||
=== Mate searching behavior === |
=== Mate searching behavior === |
||
As mentioned in the description section, the coloration of the male tawny dragon lizards can vary, especially by region (northern and southern). For mating, southern females are more likely to mate with southern males however, they are much less selective in their mate preferences than northern females. Both southern and northern males are more likely to be rejected by northern females. Southern males also prefer to mate with southern females because they share the same lineage. This suggests that preferences by either sex are driven by behavioral differences regionally. These lizards primarily prefer to mate with partners that are in the same region geographically. Overall, it appears that speciation is primarily driven by sexual selection with neither sex being more selective than the other. |
As mentioned in the description section, the coloration of the male tawny dragon lizards can vary, especially by region (northern and southern). For mating, southern females are more likely to mate with southern males however, they are much less selective in their mate preferences than northern females. Both southern and northern males are more likely to be rejected by northern females. Southern males also prefer to mate with southern females because they share the same lineage. This suggests that preferences by either sex are driven by behavioral differences regionally. These lizards primarily prefer to mate with partners that are in the same region geographically. Overall, it appears that speciation is primarily driven by sexual selection with neither sex being more selective than the other.<ref name=":5" /> |
||
=== Male-male interactions === |
=== Male-male interactions === |
||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
=== Habitat Loss === |
=== Habitat Loss === |
||
The effects of climate change, specifically rising temperatures, have caused significant declines in many species, and the tawny dragon lizard is not an exception. In high temperatures, the tawny dragon lizard has adapted effectively regulate their body temperature thorough a process called behavioral thermoregulation, but there is a cost. Because of this, water loss occurs at a much higher rate leading to desiccation, or drying, more quickly. The combination of high temperatures and decreased rainfall has had a severe impact on the not only survival of these lizards but also fecundity and growth rate. As these conditions continue to become more extreme, these problems will become increasingly more severe. |
The effects of climate change, specifically rising temperatures, have caused significant declines in many species, and the tawny dragon lizard is not an exception. In high temperatures, the tawny dragon lizard has adapted effectively regulate their body temperature thorough a process called behavioral thermoregulation, but there is a cost. Because of this, water loss occurs at a much higher rate leading to desiccation, or drying, more quickly. The combination of high temperatures and decreased rainfall has had a severe impact on the not only survival of these lizards but also fecundity and growth rate. As these conditions continue to become more extreme, these problems will become increasingly more severe.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Walker|first=Samantha|last2=Stuart-Fox|first2=Devi|last3=Kearney|first3=Michael R.|date=December 2015|title=Has contemporary climate change played a role in population declines of the lizard Ctenophorus decresii from semi-arid Australia?|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306456514001764|journal=Journal of Thermal Biology|language=en|volume=54|pages=66–77|doi=10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.12.001}}</ref> |
||
Ctenophorus decresii are also threatened by habitat fragmentation and bush rock removal. These lizards already have specific habitat requirements, so any habitat loss can increase the risk of decline. The population size is trending downwards, because their habitat range is becoming so small in some areas. Although many of these problems are driven by humans, grazing animals impact the population as well. Constant grazing from animals like sheep, cattle, and feral goats reduce the areas where the lizards can hide and live. With fewer hiding places, they are more susceptible to predation. This, in conjunction with human land clearing, causes much less genetic variation within the species. |
Ctenophorus decresii are also threatened by habitat fragmentation and bush rock removal. These lizards already have specific habitat requirements, so any habitat loss can increase the risk of decline. The population size is trending downwards, because their habitat range is becoming so small in some areas. Although many of these problems are driven by humans, grazing animals impact the population as well. Constant grazing from animals like sheep, cattle, and feral goats reduce the areas where the lizards can hide and live. With fewer hiding places, they are more susceptible to predation. This, in conjunction with human land clearing, causes much less genetic variation within the species.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dong|first=Caroline M.|last2=Johnston|first2=Greg R.|last3=Stuart-Fox|first3=Devi|last4=Moussalli|first4=Adnan|last5=Rankin|first5=Katrina J.|last6=McLean|first6=Claire A.|date=March 2021|title=Elevation of Divergent Color Polymorphic and Monomorphic Lizard Lineages (Squamata: Agamidae) to Species Level|url=https://bioone.org/journals/ichthyology-and-herpetology/volume-109/issue-1/h2020064/Elevation-of-Divergent-Color-Polymorphic-and-Monomorphic-Lizard-Lineages-Squamata/10.1643/h2020064.full|journal=Ichthyology & Herpetology|volume=109|issue=1|pages=43–54|doi=10.1643/h2020064|issn=2766-1512}}</ref> |
||
==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
||
Revision as of 11:10, 13 October 2021
| Ctenophorus decresii | |
|---|---|
_(9388501921).jpg)
| |
| Photograph of a tawny dragon | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Agamidae |
| Genus: | Ctenophorus |
| Species: | C. decresii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Ctenophorus decresii (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1837)
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
Ctenophorus decresii, commonly as tawny dragon or tawny crevice-dragon, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is endemic to Australia.[1][2]
Etymology
The specific name, decresii, refers to L'Île de Decrès, which was the French name for Kangaroo Island in 1837.[3]
Description
It was thought that variations of color in these lizards was because of different levels in sexual maturity. However, these variations are most likely due to environmental conditions such as “maternal effects, incubation conditions or post-hatching conditions”. There is also a possibility that genetics are primarily responsible for the variations.[4] These lizards are often characterized by the color of their throats. The colors of these male lizards can vary, but they are usually orange only, yellow only, orange surrounded by yellow, or grey only throats. The colors can also vary in degree of intensity and are due to different lineages, northern and southern.[5] Males with orange throats tend to be more aggressive when it comes to defending their territory. It is still unclear how the lineages of females impact the expression of their colors especially since females from wither lineage tend to have the same coloration.[5] From this, it can be concluded that throat color in these lizards is polymorphic specifically in determining whether the phenotype is yellow or orange. Although both colors are polymorphic, the yellow color is also greatly influenced by environment and levels of testosterone present. Polymorphism and environmental factors play major roles in color expression, but it is impossible to say which one is more significant without genomic analysis and linkage mapping.[6]
Reproduction
Fertilization
Ctenophorus decresii are characterized by their ability to produce multiple clutches in a year but a short lifespan.[7] Incubation temperature affects the hatchling tail length and sex. At intermediate incubation temperatures, the proportion of males to females was much higher compared to extreme incubation temperatures (very high or very low) where females were the only sex seen. This shows that the season in which the females lay the eggs is good indicator of which sex will be seen in the hatchlings and body size, also known as temperature-dependent sex determination. Very low incubation temperatures are often associated with slower, less developed hatchlings. If incubated at a suitable temperature, hatchlings will have a higher body mass. These individuals will also have a higher probability of reproductive success especially in terms of clutch size and offspring body mass. Studies suggest that body mass is also influenced by the length of incubation. Eggs laid closer to the beginning of the season have more time to develop thus giving them more of an opportunity to gain more body mass. On the other hand, those laid later in the season do not have the same opportunity. Larger body sizes provide an advantage to males and females. Males are better able to defend their territories, and females have higher fecundity. Males with more territory also had larger body masses.[8]
Mating
Mate searching behavior
As mentioned in the description section, the coloration of the male tawny dragon lizards can vary, especially by region (northern and southern). For mating, southern females are more likely to mate with southern males however, they are much less selective in their mate preferences than northern females. Both southern and northern males are more likely to be rejected by northern females. Southern males also prefer to mate with southern females because they share the same lineage. This suggests that preferences by either sex are driven by behavioral differences regionally. These lizards primarily prefer to mate with partners that are in the same region geographically. Overall, it appears that speciation is primarily driven by sexual selection with neither sex being more selective than the other.[5]
Male-male interactions
In these lizards, northern males are considered more aggressive than southern males. Orange, northern males are the most aggressive, and southern males are the least aggressive.[5] However, males, regardless of lineage, can differentiate their aggression. Aggression occurs at a higher rate when two males have not interacted with one another. When encountering a male that he had encountered before aggression was significantly lower. Repeated interactions were shown to more effective in limiting aggression between males. If there has already been a previous encounter, it is less likely that the individual will be a threat to the livelihood or territory of that male.[9]
Conservation
Habitat Loss
The effects of climate change, specifically rising temperatures, have caused significant declines in many species, and the tawny dragon lizard is not an exception. In high temperatures, the tawny dragon lizard has adapted effectively regulate their body temperature thorough a process called behavioral thermoregulation, but there is a cost. Because of this, water loss occurs at a much higher rate leading to desiccation, or drying, more quickly. The combination of high temperatures and decreased rainfall has had a severe impact on the not only survival of these lizards but also fecundity and growth rate. As these conditions continue to become more extreme, these problems will become increasingly more severe.[10]
Ctenophorus decresii are also threatened by habitat fragmentation and bush rock removal. These lizards already have specific habitat requirements, so any habitat loss can increase the risk of decline. The population size is trending downwards, because their habitat range is becoming so small in some areas. Although many of these problems are driven by humans, grazing animals impact the population as well. Constant grazing from animals like sheep, cattle, and feral goats reduce the areas where the lizards can hide and live. With fewer hiding places, they are more susceptible to predation. This, in conjunction with human land clearing, causes much less genetic variation within the species.[11]
Taxonomy
C. decresii is a member of the genus Ctenophorus, which is a very diverse group of lizards found throughout Australia. The entire genus of lizards is sexually dimorphic. Neck and overall colouration distinguishes male lizards from female and juvenile lizards.
Habitat and geographic range
Most often C. decresii is found in rocky areas throughout Australia. However, its habitat varies as it is found in a few distinct locations throughout Australia.[12] Scientists have identified the different populations of lizards as separate lineages due to geographic isolation.[12] The three lineages of C. decresii are the northern, southern, and NSW lineages. The entire genus Ctenophorus maintains a generally constant body shape, adapted for the Australian climate.[12]
Polymorphism
Ctenophorus decresii is known to display polymorphisms in throat colouration.[13] Within the species C. decresii, morphs can range from grey and white to a bright red.[13] Some of the variants include multi-coloured, grey, yellow, orange, blue, and red-throated lizards.[14] This variation comes from the diverse geographic locations in which C. decresii can be found, such as South Australia, New South Wales, and other areas throughout Australia.[14] One geographic location may favor a certain throat colour for C. decresii, while a different location may favor a different colour.[14]
Although there is a lot of diversity in throat colours, the colour variants in the throats are discrete, meaning the morphologies of individual lizards could be placed into specific categories [15] After using objective methods to identify the colour morphs, statistical tests were run.[15] The tests analyzed variation based on granularity, segmentation, and comparison with visual background.[15] One group of lizards had similar granularity, segmentation, and colouration.[15] Another group also had similar granularity, segmentation, and coloration that differed from the first group. There were very few lizards with in-between phenotypes.[15] However, within the categories, there still is slight variation in the shades of colours of the lizards.[15] Because throat colouration is a discrete trait, it is highly heritable. This is a key reason that the discrete colour variation has been maintained over multiple generations. The offspring will have similar or the same colouration as the parents, therefore making the colouration carry out over generations.
Ctenophorus decresii's diversity in discrete throat colour may be caused by a combination of sexual selection and natural selection.[13]
The C. decresii throat colours can be classified into two main, discrete categories—dull and bright-coloured.[16] The dull-coloured throats give lizards a fitness advantage because the lizards are harder for predators, like birds, to see.[16] The dull throats allow the lizards to avoid predators and survive longer; therefore, this trait became more prevalent in that population of lizards.[16]
However, bright-coloured throats also give the lizards a fitness advantage because the bright-coloured throats attract more females, and therefore those males are more likely to reproduce.[16] Although the bright-coloured throats increase the likelihood of being eaten by predators, they also increase sexual success.[16] Therefore, the prevalence of bright-coloured throats is maintained in this population of lizards.[16] Based on the conflicting benefits of dull and bright-coloured throats, it is understandable that both morphs have been maintained in this species.[16] Each trait gives a lizard a different evolutionary advantage.
References
- ^ a b Melville, J.; Hutchinson, M.; Clemann, N.; Robertson, P. (2018). "Ctenophorus decresii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T83410125A83453693. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83410125A83453693.en. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ^ a b Ctenophorus decresii at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 11 February 2021.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Ctenophorus decresii, p. 67).
- ^ Teasdale, L. C.; Stevens, M.; Stuart-Fox, D. (2013). "Discrete colour polymorphism in the tawny dragon lizard (Ctenophorus decresii) and differences in signal conspicuousness among morphs". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 26 (5): 1035–1046. doi:10.1111/jeb.12115. ISSN 1420-9101.
- ^ a b c d McLean, Claire A; Bartle, Richard A; Dong, Caroline M; Rankin, Katrina J; Stuart-Fox, Devi (2020-10-01). "Divergent male and female mate preferences do not explain incipient speciation between lizard lineages". Current Zoology. 66 (5): 485–492. doi:10.1093/cz/zoaa010. ISSN 2396-9814. PMC 7705505. PMID 33293929.
- ^ Rankin, Katrina J.; McLean, Claire A.; Kemp, Darrell J.; Stuart-Fox, Devi (2016-09-06). "The genetic basis of discrete and quantitative colour variation in the polymorphic lizard, Ctenophorus decresii". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 16 (1): 179. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0757-2. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5012029. PMID 27600682.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ McFadden, Michael, and Peter S. Harlow. "Captive reproduction and longevity in Tawny Crevice (Ctenophorus decresii) and Central Netted Dragons (C. nuchalis)." HERPETOFAUNA-SYDNEY- 37.1 (2007): 22.
- ^ Harlow, Peter S. (December 2000). "Incubation Temperature Determines Hatchling Sex in Australian Rock Dragons (Agamidae: Genus Ctenophorus)". Copeia. 2000 (4): 958–964. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0958:ITDHSI]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0045-8511.
- ^ Osborne, Louise (2005-06-01). "Rival recognition in the territorial tawny dragon (Ctenophorus decresii)". acta ethologica. 8 (1): 45–50. doi:10.1007/s10211-005-0108-6. ISSN 1437-9546.
- ^ Walker, Samantha; Stuart-Fox, Devi; Kearney, Michael R. (December 2015). "Has contemporary climate change played a role in population declines of the lizard Ctenophorus decresii from semi-arid Australia?". Journal of Thermal Biology. 54: 66–77. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.12.001.
- ^ Dong, Caroline M.; Johnston, Greg R.; Stuart-Fox, Devi; Moussalli, Adnan; Rankin, Katrina J.; McLean, Claire A. (March 2021). "Elevation of Divergent Color Polymorphic and Monomorphic Lizard Lineages (Squamata: Agamidae) to Species Level". Ichthyology & Herpetology. 109 (1): 43–54. doi:10.1643/h2020064. ISSN 2766-1512.
- ^ a b c McLean, Claire A.; Moussalli, Adnan; Sass, Steve; Stuart-Fox, Devi (2013). "Taxonomic assessment of the Ctenophorus decresii complex (Reptilia: Agamidae) reveals a new species of dragon lizard from western New South Wales". Records of the Australian Museum. 65 (3): 51–63. doi:10.3853/j.2201-4349.65.2013.1600.
- ^ a b c Stuart-Fox, Devi M.; Moussalli, Adnan; Johnston, Gregory R.; Owens, Ian P. F. (2004). "Evolution of color variation in dragon lizards: quantitative tests of the role of crypsis and local adaptation". Evolution. 58 (7): 1549–1559. doi:10.1554/03-448. PMID 15341157. S2CID 9060145.
- ^ a b c McClean, Claire Alice (2014). Geographic variation and speciation in the colour polymorphic tawny dragon lizard (PhD thesis). University of Melbourne. hdl:11343/39946.
- ^ a b c d e f Teasdale, T.C.; Stevens, M (2013). "Discrete color polymorphism in the tawny dragon lizard Ctenophorous descresii and differences in signal conspicuousness among morphs". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 26 (5): 1035–1046. doi:10.1111/jeb.12115. PMID 23495663. S2CID 33168207.
- ^ a b c d e f g Stuart-Fox, D.M.; Moussali, A. (2003). "Conspicuous males suffer higher predation risk". Animal Behaviour. 66 (3): 541–550. doi:10.1006/anbe.2003.2235. S2CID 11691062.
Further reading
- Boulenger GA (1885). Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume I. ... Agamidæ. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 436 pp. + Plates I-XXXII. (Amphibolurus decresii, p. 385).
- Cogger HG (2014). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, Seventh Edition. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. xxx + 1,033 pp. ISBN 978-0643100350. (Ctenophorus decresii, p. 708).
- Duméril AMC, Bibron G (1837). Erpétologie générale ou Histoire naturelle complète des Reptiles. Tome quatrième [Volume 4]. Paris: Roret. ii + 571 pp. (Grammatophora decresii, new species, pp. 472–474). (in French).