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Herodicus (Greek: Ἡρóδιĸος) was a 5th century BC Greek physician, dietician, sophist, and gymnastic-master (παιδοτρίβης)^[1]. The first use of therapeutic exercise for the treatment of disease and maintenance of health is credited to him, and he is believed to have been one of the tutors of Hippocrates. His theories are considered the foundation of sports medicine. He also recommended good diet and massage using beneficial herbs and oils. He was specific in the manner that a massage should be given. He recommended that rubbing be initially slow and gentle, then subsequently faster, with the application of more pressure, which was to be followed by more gentle friction.^[2]

Herodicus is also described as a gymnastic-master (παιδοτρίβης) and a sophist. According to Plato, Herodicus recommended that his patients walk from Athens to Megara, a distance of a little more than 20 miles.

References

Bibliography

Martí-Ibáñez, F. A Prelude to Medical History. New York, MD Publications, 1961.
Whiteside, J., Andrews, J. Trends for the Future as a Team Physician: Herodicus to Hereafter, Сlinics in Sports Medicine. Volume 26, Issue 2, April 2007, рр. 285—304.

Sources

^ Georgoulis, Anastasios D.; Kiapidou, Irini-Sofia; Velogianni, Lamprini; Stergiou, Nicholas; Boland, Arthur (2006-09-02). "Herodicus, the father of sports medicine". Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 15 (3): 315–318. doi:10.1007/s00167-006-0149-z. ISSN 0942-2056.
^ Early American Manual Therapy (Version 5.0) - Chapter 1 History and Development of Mechanical Vibration Therapy Archived 2005-03-09 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed: October 6, 2008. "In the 5th century Herodicu advocated exercise the treatment of disease and compelled his patients to have their bodies rubbed, he being a firm believer in the efficacy of massage. Joseph SChreiber, M. D., author of "Treatment of Massage and Exercise," translated by Walter Mendelson, M. D., of New York, claims that Herodicus first laid down principles for rational, mechanical methods of treatment. HERODICUS, 484 B. C., was one of the first to refer to the manner of giving massage. He said friction should be gentle and slow at first, then rapid in combination with pressure, which was to be followed by gentle friction. Other advocates were Plato, Socrates, and Hippocrates, who said "rubbing can bind a joint that is too loose, and loosen a joint that is too rigid. Hard rubbing binds, soft rubbing loosens, much rubbing causes parts to waste, moderate rubbing makes them grow." This is the earliest definite information relative to the effect of variations in the application of massage. These maxims should be remembered by those who use mechanical vibration for they well define its general therapeutic application. Hipppocrates also suggested the direction in which to apply massage the art of rubbing up, thereby assisting mechanical and physical processes, aiding circulation, relieving stasis and consequently quickening metabolic processes."

[1] Georgoulis, Anastasios D.; Kiapidou, Irini-Sofia; Velogianni, Lamprini; Stergiou, Nicholas; Boland, Arthur (2006-09-02). "Herodicus, the father of sports medicine". Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 15 (3): 315–318. doi:10.1007/s00167-006-0149-z. ISSN 0942-2056.

[:0-2] Early American Manual Therapy (Version 5.0) - Chapter 1 History and Development of Mechanical Vibration Therapy Archived 2005-03-09 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed: October 6, 2008. "In the 5th century Herodicu advocated exercise the treatment of disease and compelled his patients to have their bodies rubbed, he being a firm believer in the efficacy of massage. Joseph SChreiber, M. D., author of "Treatment of Massage and Exercise," translated by Walter Mendelson, M. D., of New York, claims that Herodicus first laid down principles for rational, mechanical methods of treatment. HERODICUS, 484 B. C., was one of the first to refer to the manner of giving massage. He said friction should be gentle and slow at first, then rapid in combination with pressure, which was to be followed by gentle friction. Other advocates were Plato, Socrates, and Hippocrates, who said "rubbing can bind a joint that is too loose, and loosen a joint that is too rigid. Hard rubbing binds, soft rubbing loosens, much rubbing causes parts to waste, moderate rubbing makes them grow." This is the earliest definite information relative to the effect of variations in the application of massage. These maxims should be remembered by those who use mechanical vibration for they well define its general therapeutic application. Hipppocrates also suggested the direction in which to apply massage the art of rubbing up, thereby assisting mechanical and physical processes, aiding circulation, relieving stasis and consequently quickening metabolic processes."

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 [[File:Herodicus.png|right|thumb|200px|Herodicus.]]
-'''Herodicus''' ({{lang-el|Ἡρóδιĸος}}) was a 5th century BC [[Greeks|Greek]] physician, dietician, sophist, and gymnastic-master (παιδοτρίβης)<ref name=":0" />.  The first use of therapeutic [[exercise]] for the treatment of [[disease]] and maintenance of health is credited to him, and he is believed to have been one of the tutors of [[Hippocrates]].  His theories are considered the foundation of [[sports medicine]].  He also recommended good diet and [[massage]] using beneficial herbs and oils.  He was specific in the manner that a massage should be given.  He recommended that rubbing be initially slow and gentle, then subsequently faster, with the application of more pressure, which was to be followed by more gentle friction.<ref name=":0">[http://www.meridianinstitute.com/eamt/files/snow/mvch1.htm Early American Manual Therapy (Version 5.0) - Chapter 1 History and Development of Mechanical Vibration Therapy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309212505/http://www.meridianinstitute.com/eamt/files/snow/mvch1.htm |date=2005-03-09 }}, Accessed: October 6, 2008. "In the 5th century Herodicu advocated exercise the treatment of disease and compelled his patients to have their bodies rubbed, he being a firm believer in the efficacy of massage. Joseph SChreiber, M. D., author of "Treatment of Massage and Exercise," translated by Walter Mendelson, M. D., of New York, claims that Herodicus first laid down principles for rational, mechanical methods of treatment. HERODICUS, 484 B. C., was one of the first to refer to the manner of giving massage.  He said friction should be gentle and slow at first, then rapid in combination with pressure, which was to be followed by gentle friction.  Other advocates were Plato, Socrates, and Hippocrates, who said "rubbing can bind a joint that is too loose, and loosen a joint that is too rigid. Hard rubbing binds, soft rubbing loosens, much rubbing causes parts to waste, moderate rubbing makes them grow." This is the earliest definite information relative to the effect of variations in the application of massage.  These maxims should be remembered by those who use mechanical vibration for they well define its general therapeutic application.  Hipppocrates also suggested the direction in which to apply massage the art of rubbing up, thereby assisting mechanical and physical processes, aiding circulation, relieving stasis and consequently quickening metabolic processes."</ref>
+'''Herodicus''' ({{lang-el|Ἡρóδιĸος}}) was a 5th century BC [[Greeks|Greek]] physician, dietician, sophist, and gymnastic-master (παιδοτρίβης)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Georgoulis|first=Anastasios D.|last2=Kiapidou|first2=Irini-Sofia|last3=Velogianni|first3=Lamprini|last4=Stergiou|first4=Nicholas|last5=Boland|first5=Arthur|date=2006-09-02|title=Herodicus, the father of sports medicine|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0149-z|journal=Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy|volume=15|issue=3|pages=315–318|doi=10.1007/s00167-006-0149-z|issn=0942-2056}}</ref>.  The first use of therapeutic [[exercise]] for the treatment of [[disease]] and maintenance of health is credited to him, and he is believed to have been one of the tutors of [[Hippocrates]].  His theories are considered the foundation of [[sports medicine]].  He also recommended good diet and [[massage]] using beneficial herbs and oils.  He was specific in the manner that a massage should be given.  He recommended that rubbing be initially slow and gentle, then subsequently faster, with the application of more pressure, which was to be followed by more gentle friction.<ref name=":0">[http://www.meridianinstitute.com/eamt/files/snow/mvch1.htm Early American Manual Therapy (Version 5.0) - Chapter 1 History and Development of Mechanical Vibration Therapy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309212505/http://www.meridianinstitute.com/eamt/files/snow/mvch1.htm |date=2005-03-09 }}, Accessed: October 6, 2008. "In the 5th century Herodicu advocated exercise the treatment of disease and compelled his patients to have their bodies rubbed, he being a firm believer in the efficacy of massage. Joseph SChreiber, M. D., author of "Treatment of Massage and Exercise," translated by Walter Mendelson, M. D., of New York, claims that Herodicus first laid down principles for rational, mechanical methods of treatment. HERODICUS, 484 B. C., was one of the first to refer to the manner of giving massage.  He said friction should be gentle and slow at first, then rapid in combination with pressure, which was to be followed by gentle friction.  Other advocates were Plato, Socrates, and Hippocrates, who said "rubbing can bind a joint that is too loose, and loosen a joint that is too rigid. Hard rubbing binds, soft rubbing loosens, much rubbing causes parts to waste, moderate rubbing makes them grow." This is the earliest definite information relative to the effect of variations in the application of massage.  These maxims should be remembered by those who use mechanical vibration for they well define its general therapeutic application.  Hipppocrates also suggested the direction in which to apply massage the art of rubbing up, thereby assisting mechanical and physical processes, aiding circulation, relieving stasis and consequently quickening metabolic processes."</ref>
 Herodicus is also described as a gymnastic-master (παιδοτρίβης) and a [[sophism|sophist]].  According to [[Plato]], Herodicus recommended that his patients walk from [[Athens]] to [[Megara]], a distance of a little more than 20 miles.
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
 ==Bibliography==
 * Martí-Ibáñez, F. ''A Prelude to Medical History''. New York, MD Publications, 1961.