Scarabiasis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition (new) |
{{Infobox medical condition (new) |
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| name = Scarabiasis |
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| image = [[File:Scarab-beetle-9239327.jpg|thumb|]] |
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| caption = Top view image of a scarab beetle. |
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| field = [[Infectious disease (medical speciality)|Infectious disease]] |
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| synonyms = Canthariasis or "beetle-disease" |
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| symptoms = Loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, nausea, and insects in stool. |
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| prevention = Avoidance of unsanitary foods and use of clothing when defecating or indulging in outdoor activities. |
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| treatment = Metronidazole and saline purgatives |
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'''Scarabiasis''' is a condition where [[beetle]]s temporarily infest the digestive tract of humans. [[Scarabaeidae|Scarabs]] usually fly away from the anus after defecation.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Karthikeyan|first=G|author2=Ganesh, R |author3=Sathiasekeran, M |title=Scarabiasis.|journal=Indian Pediatrics|date=August 2008|volume=45|issue=8|pages=697–9|pmid=18723917}}</ref> |
'''Scarabiasis,''' also known as Canthariasis<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bose|first=Kallol|last2=Saha|first2=Sudip|last3=Banerjee|first3=Dona|last4=Sengupta|first4=Madhusmita|date=2016-12-05|title=Scarabiasis: A rare infestation in humans|url=http://sljch.sljol.info/articles/abstract/10.4038/sljch.v45i4.7977/|journal=Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health|language=en|volume=45|issue=4|pages=286–287|doi=10.4038/sljch.v45i4.7977|issn=2386-110X}}</ref> or "beetle-disease", is a condition where [[beetle]]s temporarily infest the digestive tract of humans. [[Scarabaeidae|Scarabs]], a type of [[dung beetle]] originating in the Mediterranean, usually fly away from the anus after [[defecation]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Karthikeyan|first=G|author2=Ganesh, R |author3=Sathiasekeran, M |title=Scarabiasis.|journal=Indian Pediatrics|date=August 2008|volume=45|issue=8|pages=697–9|pmid=18723917}}</ref> Reported symptoms of scarabiasis include loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, nausea, and insects in stool. Scarabiasis has been known to infect [[gastrointestinal tract]], [[Genitourinary system|urogenital system]], nasal sinuses, ears, and faces of mammals.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sun|first=Xi|last2=Wang|first2=Li-Fu|last3=Feng|first3=Ying|last4=Xie|first4=Hui|last5=Zheng|first5=Xiao-Ying|last6=He|first6=Ai|last7=Karim|first7=Md Robiul|last8=Lv|first8=Zhi-Yue|last9=Wu|first9=Zhong-Dao|date=2016-05-03|title=A case report: A rare case of infant gastrointestinal canthariasis caused by larvae of Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0129-6|journal=Infectious Diseases of Poverty|volume=5|issue=1|pages=34|doi=10.1186/s40249-016-0129-6|issn=2049-9957|pmc=PMC4853848|pmid=27138301}}</ref> |
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== Hypothesis == |
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The true method of infestation is unknown; however, experts have developed two methods of possible ways scarabs are able to infiltrate mammals. |
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One hypothetical mode of entry is through food by mouth (''per os'')''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Strickland|first=C.|last2=Roy|first2=D. N.|title=Scarabiasis or the Presence of Beetles in the Intestine|url=https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov<path>lib.uh.edu/pmc/articles/PMC5151429/|journal=THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE|volume=74(7)|pages=416-419|via=NCBI}}</ref>''. The dung beetles, during their early stages, may be ingested accidentally with food, when, for instance, young children eat food picked up from dirt or mud floors. <ref name=":0" /> In one example, the mud floors of houses in [[East Bengal]], where cases of scarabiasis are common, are smeared every morning with a mixture of [[cow dung]] in water, but whether these species of beetle oviposit in cow dung is not known. In the case of entrance via the mouth, the eggs or later stage insects must be not only able to withstand the acidity of intestinal juices, but also grow and develop into its adult stage while in the intestine. |
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Furthermore, the more common mode of entry is through the anus (''per anum'')''<ref name=":0" />''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Varghese|first=Sangeetha Merrin|last2=J|first2=Austoria A.|last3=Koshy|first3=Manju|last4=Abraham|first4=Jithin Mathew|date=2019-10-21|title=A rare and interesting case of Scarabiasis|url=https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/view/2838|journal=International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics|language=en|volume=6|issue=6|pages=2709–2711|doi=10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194761|issn=2349-3291}}</ref> It has been idealized that the dung beetles may have entered the people affected through the anus. For example, as scarabiasis is more common in children, the time of entrance is possibly when children play outside naked, while they are sleeping, or while they are defecating.<ref name=":0" /> With this mode of entry, it is important to note that, animal dung, especially cattle droppings, has long been regarded to serve as food and a microhabitat for both adult and larval stages of beetles.<ref name=":1" /> Because of this, it is believed that the dung beetles are attracted to the scent of human feces and crawl into the anus during defecation. |
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== Prevalence == |
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Canthariasis is most commonly found in children, usually between ages 2 and 6 years, living in tropical and agricultural environments, typically in the various regions of India and bordering countries. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 06:36, 10 December 2021
| Scarabiasis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Canthariasis or "beetle-disease" |
| Top view image of a scarab beetle. | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, nausea, and insects in stool. |
| Prevention | Avoidance of unsanitary foods and use of clothing when defecating or indulging in outdoor activities. |
| Treatment | Metronidazole and saline purgatives |
Scarabiasis, also known as Canthariasis[1] or "beetle-disease", is a condition where beetles temporarily infest the digestive tract of humans. Scarabs, a type of dung beetle originating in the Mediterranean, usually fly away from the anus after defecation.[2] Reported symptoms of scarabiasis include loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, nausea, and insects in stool. Scarabiasis has been known to infect gastrointestinal tract, urogenital system, nasal sinuses, ears, and faces of mammals.[3]
Hypothesis
The true method of infestation is unknown; however, experts have developed two methods of possible ways scarabs are able to infiltrate mammals.
One hypothetical mode of entry is through food by mouth (per os)[4]. The dung beetles, during their early stages, may be ingested accidentally with food, when, for instance, young children eat food picked up from dirt or mud floors. [4] In one example, the mud floors of houses in East Bengal, where cases of scarabiasis are common, are smeared every morning with a mixture of cow dung in water, but whether these species of beetle oviposit in cow dung is not known. In the case of entrance via the mouth, the eggs or later stage insects must be not only able to withstand the acidity of intestinal juices, but also grow and develop into its adult stage while in the intestine.
Furthermore, the more common mode of entry is through the anus (per anum)[4].[5] It has been idealized that the dung beetles may have entered the people affected through the anus. For example, as scarabiasis is more common in children, the time of entrance is possibly when children play outside naked, while they are sleeping, or while they are defecating.[4] With this mode of entry, it is important to note that, animal dung, especially cattle droppings, has long been regarded to serve as food and a microhabitat for both adult and larval stages of beetles.[5] Because of this, it is believed that the dung beetles are attracted to the scent of human feces and crawl into the anus during defecation.
Prevalence
Canthariasis is most commonly found in children, usually between ages 2 and 6 years, living in tropical and agricultural environments, typically in the various regions of India and bordering countries.
References
- ^ Bose, Kallol; Saha, Sudip; Banerjee, Dona; Sengupta, Madhusmita (2016-12-05). "Scarabiasis: A rare infestation in humans". Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health. 45 (4): 286–287. doi:10.4038/sljch.v45i4.7977. ISSN 2386-110X.
- ^ Karthikeyan, G; Ganesh, R; Sathiasekeran, M (August 2008). "Scarabiasis". Indian Pediatrics. 45 (8): 697–9. PMID 18723917.
- ^ Sun, Xi; Wang, Li-Fu; Feng, Ying; Xie, Hui; Zheng, Xiao-Ying; He, Ai; Karim, Md Robiul; Lv, Zhi-Yue; Wu, Zhong-Dao (2016-05-03). "A case report: A rare case of infant gastrointestinal canthariasis caused by larvae of Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)". Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 5 (1): 34. doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0129-6. ISSN 2049-9957. PMC 4853848. PMID 27138301.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d Strickland, C.; Roy, D. N. <path>lib.uh.edu/pmc/articles/PMC5151429/ "Scarabiasis or the Presence of Beetles in the Intestine". THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE. 74(7): 416–419 – via NCBI.
- ^ a b Varghese, Sangeetha Merrin; J, Austoria A.; Koshy, Manju; Abraham, Jithin Mathew (2019-10-21). "A rare and interesting case of Scarabiasis". International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 6 (6): 2709–2711. doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194761. ISSN 2349-3291.
External links
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