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{{Short description|Moroccan women's magazine}}
{{Short description|Moroccan women's magazine (1986–1989)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
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{{Infobox magazine
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'''''Kalima''''' (meaning both ''Word'' and ''the act of Speaking'' in English) was a [[French language]] monthly [[women's magazine]] and [[News magazines|news magazine]] published in [[Morocco]] between 1986 and 1989. The magazine was a [[feminist]] publication.
'''''Kalima''''' (meaning both ''Word'' and ''the act of Speaking'' in English) was a [[French language]] monthly [[women's magazine]] and [[News magazines|news magazine]] published in Morocco between 1986 and 1989. The magazine was a [[feminist]] publication.


==History and profile==
==History and profile==
''Kalima'' was established in 1986.<ref name=fsme>{{Cite journal|author1=Fatima Sadiqi|author2=Moha Ennaji|title= The feminization of public space: women's activism, the family law, and social change in Morocco|journal=Journal of Middle East Women's Studies|volume=2|issue=2|pages=86–114|doi= 10.2979/mew.2006.2.2.86|jstor=10.2979/mew.2006.2.2.86|date=Spring 2006|s2cid=145775287}} [http://eyas.free.fr/AMEWS%20Article.pdf Pdf.]</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Dawn Marley|title=Language use in women's magazines as a reflection of hybrid linguistic identity in Morocco| url= http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7171/4/MARLEY%202010%20Womens%20magazines%20as%20a%20reflection.pdf|work=Epubs|access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref> The founder was a radical women organization, Union de l'Action Feminine.<ref>{{cite book|author=Valerie Orlando|title=Francophone voices of the "new" Morocco in film and print|date=23 June 2009|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9780230622593|page=143}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=YbHFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|accessdate=8 October 2014 Preview.]</ref>
''Kalima'' was established in 1986.<ref name=fsme>{{Cite journal|author1=Fatima Sadiqi|author2=Moha Ennaji|title= The feminization of public space: women's activism, the family law, and social change in Morocco|journal=Journal of Middle East Women's Studies|volume=2|issue=2|pages=86–114|doi=10.2979/mew.2006.2.2.86|jstor=10.2979/mew.2006.2.2.86
|date=Spring 2006|s2cid=145775287}}[http://eyas.free.fr/AMEWS%20Article.pdf Pdf.]</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Dawn Marley|title=Language use in women's magazines as a reflection of hybrid linguistic identity in Morocco|url= http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7171/4/MARLEY%202010%20Womens%20magazines%20as%20a%20reflection.pdf|work=Epubs|access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref> The founder was a radical women organization, Union de l'Action Feminine.<ref>{{cite book|author=Valerie Orlando|title=Francophone voices of the "new" Morocco in film and print|date=23 June 2009
|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9780230622593|page=143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbHFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA143}}</ref>


The magazine's goal was to emphasize that "gender roles, sexuality, and even division of labor were neither divinely prescribed nor ordained by nature, but had a historical origin."<ref name=fsme/> It adopted a progressive feminist point of view in dealing with social, economic, political and cultural aspects of women's life.<ref name=lou>{{cite book| author=Loubna H. Skalli|title=Through a local prism: gender, globalization, and identity in Moroccan women's magazines|date=27 July 2006|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739131251|pages=64, 72}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=AaC-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 Preview.]</ref> It also addressed critical issues in Morocco,<ref name=latap>{{cite news|title=Morocco confiscates issue of magazine|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-05-07/news/mn-3628_1_moroccan-censorship-magazine|access-date=8 October 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=Associated Press|date=7 May 1989|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Andrew R. Smith|author2=Fadoua Loudiy|title=Testing the red lines: on the liberalization of speech in Morocco|jstor=20069820|journal=Human Rights Quarterly|date=August 2005 |volume=27|issue=3|pages=1069–1119|doi=10.1353/hrq.2005.0042|s2cid=144368770}}</ref> including abandoned children in the country.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bargach Jamila|title=Orphans of Islam: family, abandonment, and secret adoption in Morocco|year=2002|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780742500273|page=166}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=a1kewcuLS2AC&pg=PA166 Preview.]</ref> It was the first Moroccan magazine which contained articles on [[Taboo|taboo subjects]] such as [[abortion]], [[child prostitution]], [[single mothers]], [[drugs]] and [[sexuality]].<ref name=Howe>{{cite book|author=Marvine Howe|title=Morocco: the Islamist awakening and other challenges|date=2 June 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195346985|page=153}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=olBTEdJ0ncIC&pg=PA153 Preview.]</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Eve Sandberg|author2=Kenza Agertit|title=Moroccan women, activists, and gender politics: an institutional analysis|date=26 September 2014|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739182109|page=70}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=eQiqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 Preview.]</ref> In addition, ''Kalima'' included pages on news and on cinema.<ref>{{cite book|author=Valerie Orlando|title=Screening Morocco: contemporary depictions in film of a changing society|date=24 May 2011|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn =9780896802810|page=18}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=r0sSjYrq1V8C&pg=PA18 Preview.]</ref>
The magazine's goal was to emphasize that "gender roles, sexuality, and even division of labor were neither divinely prescribed nor ordained by nature, but had a historical origin."<ref name=fsme/> It adopted a progressive feminist point of view in dealing with social, economic, political and cultural aspects of women's life.<ref name=lou>{{cite book|author=Loubna H. Skalli|title=Through a local prism: gender, globalization, and identity in Moroccan women's magazines|date=27 July 2006|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739131251|pages=64, 72
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AaC-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64}}</ref> It also addressed critical issues in Morocco,<ref name=latap>{{cite news|title=Morocco confiscates issue of magazine|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-05-07/news/mn-3628_1_moroccan-censorship-magazine|access-date=8 October 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=Associated Press|date=7 May 1989|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Andrew R. Smith|author2=Fadoua Loudiy|title=Testing the red lines: on the liberalization of speech in Morocco|jstor=20069820|journal=Human Rights Quarterly|date=August 2005|volume=27|issue=3|pages=1069–1119|doi=10.1353/hrq.2005.0042|s2cid=144368770}}</ref> including abandoned children in the country.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bargach Jamila|title=Orphans of Islam: family, abandonment, and secret adoption in Morocco|year=2002|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780742500273|page=166
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1kewcuLS2AC&pg=PA166}} </ref> It was the first Moroccan magazine which contained articles on [[Taboo|taboo subjects]] such as [[abortion]], [[child prostitution]], [[single mothers]], [[drugs]] and [[sexuality]].<ref name=Howe>{{cite book|author=Marvine Howe|title=Morocco: the Islamist awakening and other challenges|date=2 June 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195346985|page=153
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=olBTEdJ0ncIC&pg=PA153}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Eve Sandberg
|author2=Kenza Agertit|title=Moroccan women, activists, and gender politics: an institutional analysis
|date=26 September 2014|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739182109|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQiqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70}}</ref> In addition, ''Kalima'' included pages on news and on cinema.<ref>{{cite book
|author=Valerie Orlando|title=Screening Morocco: contemporary depictions in film of a changing society|date=24 May 2011|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn =9780896802810|page=18|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r0sSjYrq1V8C&pg=PA18}}</ref>


The founding and only [[editor-in-chief]] of the magazine was Hind Taarji.<ref name=lou/><ref>{{cite news|author=Paul Delaney|title=In North Africa, feminists on diverging paths|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/06/world/in-north-africa-feminists-on-diverging-paths.html|access-date=8 October 2014|work=The New York Times|date=6 January 1988}}</ref> [[Fatima Mernissi]] was among the contributors of ''Kalima''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jon Armajani|title=Dynamic Islam: liberal Muslim perspectives in a transnational age|date=1 January 2004|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=9780761829676|page=3}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=laxHu49rOhUC&pg=PA3 Preview.]</ref>
The founding and only [[editor-in-chief]] of the magazine was Hind Taarji.<ref name=lou/><ref>{{cite news
|author=Paul Delaney|title=In North Africa, feminists on diverging paths|work=The New York Times|date=6 January 1988
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/06/world/in-north-africa-feminists-on-diverging-paths.html|access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref> [[Fatima Mernissi]] was among the contributors of ''Kalima''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jon Armajani|title=Dynamic Islam: liberal Muslim perspectives in a transnational age|date=1 January 2004|page=3
|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=9780761829676|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laxHu49rOhUC&pg=PA3
}}</ref>


The Moroccan authorities confiscated the March 1989 issue of the magazine.<ref name=latap/> It contained articles about [[male prostitution]] and the lack of [[Press freedom|free press]] in Morocco<ref name=Howe/><ref name=lou/> which led to the closure of the magazine on 25 April 1989.<ref>{{cite web|title=Morocco|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1989/WR89/Morocco.htm|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=26 April 2015|format=Report|date=1989}}</ref>
The Moroccan authorities confiscated the March 1989 issue of the magazine.<ref name=latap/> It contained articles about [[male prostitution]] and the lack of [[Press freedom|free press]] in Morocco<ref name=Howe/><ref name=lou/> which led to the closure of the magazine on 25 April 1989.<ref>{{cite web|title=Morocco|format=Report|date=1989
|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1989/WR89/Morocco.htm|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}
{{Reflist|33em}}


{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalima}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalima}}
[[Category:1986 establishments in Morocco]]
[[Category:1986 establishments in Morocco]]

Revision as of 13:34, 21 December 2021

Kalima
EditorHind Taarji
CategoriesWomen's magazine
News magazine
FounderUnion de l'Action Feminine
Founded1986
Final issueApril 1989
CountryMorocco
LanguageFrench

Kalima (meaning both Word and the act of Speaking in English) was a French language monthly women's magazine and news magazine published in Morocco between 1986 and 1989. The magazine was a feminist publication.

History and profile

Kalima was established in 1986.[1][2] The founder was a radical women organization, Union de l'Action Feminine.[3]

The magazine's goal was to emphasize that "gender roles, sexuality, and even division of labor were neither divinely prescribed nor ordained by nature, but had a historical origin."[1] It adopted a progressive feminist point of view in dealing with social, economic, political and cultural aspects of women's life.[4] It also addressed critical issues in Morocco,[5][6] including abandoned children in the country.[7] It was the first Moroccan magazine which contained articles on taboo subjects such as abortion, child prostitution, single mothers, drugs and sexuality.[8][9] In addition, Kalima included pages on news and on cinema.[10]

The founding and only editor-in-chief of the magazine was Hind Taarji.[4][11] Fatima Mernissi was among the contributors of Kalima.[12]

The Moroccan authorities confiscated the March 1989 issue of the magazine.[5] It contained articles about male prostitution and the lack of free press in Morocco[8][4] which led to the closure of the magazine on 25 April 1989.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b Fatima Sadiqi; Moha Ennaji (Spring 2006). "The feminization of public space: women's activism, the family law, and social change in Morocco". Journal of Middle East Women's Studies. 2 (2): 86–114. doi:10.2979/mew.2006.2.2.86. JSTOR 10.2979/mew.2006.2.2.86. S2CID 145775287.Pdf.
  2. ^ Dawn Marley. "Language use in women's magazines as a reflection of hybrid linguistic identity in Morocco" (PDF). Epubs. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  3. ^ Valerie Orlando (23 June 2009). Francophone voices of the "new" Morocco in film and print. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 143. ISBN 9780230622593.
  4. ^ a b c Loubna H. Skalli (27 July 2006). Through a local prism: gender, globalization, and identity in Moroccan women's magazines. Lexington Books. pp. 64, 72. ISBN 9780739131251.
  5. ^ a b "Morocco confiscates issue of magazine". Los Angeles Times. London. Associated Press. 7 May 1989. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  6. ^ Andrew R. Smith; Fadoua Loudiy (August 2005). "Testing the red lines: on the liberalization of speech in Morocco". Human Rights Quarterly. 27 (3): 1069–1119. doi:10.1353/hrq.2005.0042. JSTOR 20069820. S2CID 144368770.
  7. ^ Bargach Jamila (2002). Orphans of Islam: family, abandonment, and secret adoption in Morocco. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 166. ISBN 9780742500273.
  8. ^ a b Marvine Howe (2 June 2005). Morocco: the Islamist awakening and other challenges. Oxford University Press. p. 153. ISBN 9780195346985.
  9. ^ Eve Sandberg; Kenza Agertit (26 September 2014). Moroccan women, activists, and gender politics: an institutional analysis. Lexington Books. p. 70. ISBN 9780739182109.
  10. ^ Valerie Orlando (24 May 2011). Screening Morocco: contemporary depictions in film of a changing society. Ohio University Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780896802810.
  11. ^ Paul Delaney (6 January 1988). "In North Africa, feminists on diverging paths". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  12. ^ Jon Armajani (1 January 2004). Dynamic Islam: liberal Muslim perspectives in a transnational age. University Press of America. p. 3. ISBN 9780761829676.
  13. ^ "Morocco" (Report). Human Rights Watch. 1989. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
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