Eastward spread of Western learning: Difference between revisions
PaintWoodSt (talk | contribs) ←Created page with 'The '''eastward spread of Western learning''' ({{Zh|s=西学东渐|t=西學東漸}}) refers to the spread of Western technologies and ideologies in China during the Ming and Qing dynasties, which is contrast with the westward spread of Eastern learning ({{Zh|s=东学西传|t=東學西傳}}) that introduced Chinese technologies and ideologies to the West.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Liu |first=Dachun |url=https://www.worldcat.org/...' |
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Revision as of 01:27, 14 June 2022
The eastward spread of Western learning (simplified Chinese: 西学东渐; traditional Chinese: 西學東漸) refers to the spread of Western technologies and ideologies in China during the Ming and Qing dynasties, which is contrast with the westward spread of Eastern learning (simplified Chinese: 东学西传; traditional Chinese: 東學西傳) that introduced Chinese technologies and ideologies to the West.[1][2][3]
History
The term "eastward spread of Western learning" was coined in the 1900s to describe the emerging national awareness of Chinese as a result of prevailing Western influences in China, and was popularised due to the Chinese translation of Yung Wing's autobiography My Life in China and America, which used the term in its Chinese title. Since the 1980s, the term has frequently appeared in various scholarly articles to describe the spread of Western technologies and ideologies in China.[4]
As a process of knowledge transmission, the "eastward spread of Western learning" was a movement pioneered by Western missionaries in China since the Ming dynasty.[5][6] Since the late Qing dynasty, government-funded overseas Chinese students contributed to this movement, contributing to the criticism of traditional Chinese culture and the modernization of China,[7] especially during the New Culture Movement.[8][9][10] One of the result of the movement is the Sinicization of Western ideologies including Marxism.[11]
References
- ^ Liu, Dachun (2018). Western Learning Spreads Eastward (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: China Renmin University Press. ISBN 978-7-300-26325-0. OCLC 1089442491.
- ^ Kuang, Shuping (2016-09-21). "Eastward Transmission of Western Learning and the Evolution of Modern Sports in Shanghai, 1843–1949". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 33 (14): 1606–1625. doi:10.1080/09523367.2017.1288106. ISSN 0952-3367.
- ^ Koerbs, Christoph (2008), Selin, Helaine (ed.), "East and West: China in the Transmission of Knowledge from East to West", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 712–717, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_9121, ISBN 978-1-4020-4425-0, retrieved 2022-06-14
- ^ Lu, Di (2017). ""西学东渐"一词始于清末而非民初". China Terminology (1).
- ^ Zhang, He (2018-06-01). "The symbol of spread of modern Western botany into China: Chih-wu hsüeh, an unconventional translation in the late Qing dynasty". Protein & Cell. 9 (6): 511–515. doi:10.1007/s13238-017-0452-0. ISSN 1674-8018. PMC 5966355. PMID 28755202.
- ^ Shi, Li. History of Education in the Ming Dynasty. DeepLogic.
- ^ Lin, Ren-Jie Vincent (2016-10-14). "Eastward Expansion of Western Learning: A study of Westernisation of China's modern education by Chinese government overseas-study scholarships". Educational Philosophy and Theory. 48 (12): 1203–1217. doi:10.1080/00131857.2016.1182462. ISSN 0013-1857.
- ^ Zhitian, Luo (2019-10-02). "Wholeness and individuality: Revisiting the New Culture Movement, as symbolized by May Fourth". Chinese Studies in History. 52 (3–4): 188–208. doi:10.1080/00094633.2019.1654802. ISSN 0009-4633.
- ^ Sturniolo, Anthony (2016-08-01). "Influences of Western Philosophy and Educational Thought in China and their Effects on the New Culture Movement". History Theses.
- ^ Gao, Yang; Tian, Zhaojian (2016). "Philosophical translation in China and its influence on chinese social development in the last century" (PDF). PORTES, Revista mexicana de estudios sobre la Cuenca del Pacífico. 10 (20): 247–268. ISSN 1870-6800.
- ^ Xinyan, Wang (2013-08-01). "The Eastward Spread of Western Learning and the Sinicization of Marxist Philosophy". Social Sciences in China. 34 (3): 5–19. doi:10.1080/02529203.2013.820553. ISSN 0252-9203.