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In cryptography, CWC Mode (Carter–Wegman + CTR mode) is an AEAD block cipher mode of operation that provides both encryption and built-in message integrity, similar to CCM and OCB modes. It combines the use of CTR mode for encryption with an efficient polynomial Carter–Wegman MAC and is designed by Tadayoshi Kohno, John Viega and Doug Whiting.^[1]

CWC mode was submitted to NIST^[2] for standardization, but NIST opted for the similar GCM mode instead.^[3]

Although GCM has weaknesses compared to CWC,^[4] the GCM authors successfully argued for GCM.^[5]

References

External links

CWC mode home page
CWC: A high-performance conventional authenticated encryption mode on Cryptology ePrint
Implementation of CWC on top of AES.

v t e Block ciphers (security summary)
Common algorithms	AES Blowfish DES (internal mechanics, Triple DES) Serpent SM4 Twofish
Less common algorithms	ARIA Camellia CAST-128 GOST IDEA LEA RC5 RC6 SEED Skipjack TEA XTEA
Other algorithms	3-Way Adiantum Akelarre Anubis Ascon BaseKing BassOmatic BATON BEAR and LION CAST-256 Chiasmus CIKS-1 CIPHERUNICORN-A CIPHERUNICORN-E CLEFIA CMEA Cobra COCONUT98 Crab Cryptomeria/C2 CRYPTON CS-Cipher DEAL DES-X DFC E2 FEAL FEA-M FROG G-DES Grand Cru Hasty Pudding cipher Hierocrypt ICE IDEA NXT Intel Cascade Cipher Iraqi Kalyna KASUMI KeeLoq KHAZAD Khufu and Khafre KN-Cipher Kuznyechik Ladder-DES LOKI (97, 89/91) Lucifer M6 M8 MacGuffin Madryga MAGENTA MARS Mercy MESH MISTY1 MMB MULTI2 MultiSwap New Data Seal NewDES Nimbus NOEKEON NUSH PRESENT Prince Q RC2 REDOC Red Pike S-1 SAFER SAVILLE SC2000 SHACAL SHARK Simon Speck Spectr-H64 Square SXAL/MBAL Threefish Treyfer UES xmx XXTEA Zodiac
Design	Feistel network Key schedule Lai–Massey scheme Product cipher S-box P-box SPN Confusion and diffusion Round Avalanche effect Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation)
Attack (cryptanalysis)	Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential Impossible Truncated Higher-order Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square Boomerang Mod n Related-key Slide Rotational Side-channel Timing Power-monitoring Electromagnetic Acoustic Differential-fault XSL Interpolation Partitioning Rubber-hose Black-bag Davies Rebound Weak key Tau Chi-square Time/memory/data tradeoff
Standardization	AES process CRYPTREC NESSIE
Utilization	Initialization vector Mode of operation Padding

v t e Cryptographic hash functions and message authentication codes
List Comparison Known attacks
Common functions	MD5 (compromised) SHA-1 (compromised) SHA-2 SHA-3 BLAKE2
SHA-3 finalists	BLAKE Grøstl JH Skein Keccak (winner)
Other functions	BLAKE3 CubeHash ECOH FSB Fugue GOST HAS-160 HAVAL Kupyna LSH Lane MASH-1 MASH-2 MD2 MD4 MD6 MDC-2 N-hash RIPEMD RadioGatún SIMD SM3 SWIFFT Shabal Snefru Streebog Tiger VSH Whirlpool
Password hashing/ key stretching functions	Argon2 Balloon bcrypt Catena crypt LM hash Lyra2 Makwa PBKDF2 scrypt yescrypt
General purpose key derivation functions	HKDF KDF1/KDF2
MAC functions	CBC-MAC DAA GMAC HMAC NMAC OMAC/CMAC PMAC Poly1305 SipHash UMAC VMAC
Authenticated encryption modes	CCM ChaCha20-Poly1305 CWC EAX GCM IAPM OCB
Attacks	Collision attack Preimage attack Birthday attack Brute-force attack Rainbow table Side-channel attack Length extension attack
Design	Avalanche effect Hash collision Merkle–Damgård construction Sponge function HAIFA construction
Standardization	CAESAR Competition CRYPTREC NESSIE NIST hash function competition Password Hashing Competition
Utilization	Hash-based cryptography Merkle tree Message authentication Proof of work Salt Pepper

v t e Cryptography
General	History of cryptography Outline of cryptography Cryptographic protocol Authentication protocol Cryptographic primitive Cryptanalysis Cryptocurrency Cryptosystem Cryptographic nonce Cryptovirology Hash function Cryptographic hash function Key derivation function Digital signature Kleptography Key (cryptography) Key exchange Key generator Key schedule Key stretching Keygen Cryptojacking malware Ransomware Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Harvest now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security Plaintext Codetext Ciphertext Shared secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network
Mathematics	Cryptographic hash function Block cipher Stream cipher Symmetric-key algorithm Authenticated encryption Public-key cryptography Quantum key distribution Quantum cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Message authentication code Random numbers Steganography
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 {{More citations needed|date=April 2019}}
-In [[cryptography]], '''CWC Mode''' (Carter–Wegman + [[Block cipher modes of operation|CTR]] mode) is an [[AEAD block cipher modes of operation|AEAD block cipher mode of operation]] that provides both encryption and built-in message integrity, similar to CCM and OCB modes. It combines the use of CTR mode for encryption with an efficient polynomial [[Carter–Wegman MAC]] and is designed by [[Tadayoshi Kohno]], [[John Viega]] and [[Doug Whiting]].<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-25937-4_26</ref>
+In [[cryptography]], '''CWC Mode''' (Carter–Wegman + [[Block cipher modes of operation|CTR]] mode) is an [[AEAD block cipher modes of operation|AEAD block cipher mode of operation]] that provides both encryption and built-in message integrity, similar to CCM and OCB modes. It combines the use of CTR mode for encryption with an efficient polynomial [[Carter–Wegman MAC]] and is designed by [[Tadayoshi Kohno]], [[John Viega]] and [[Doug Whiting]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-25937-4_26 | doi=10.1007/978-3-540-25937-4_26 | isbn=9783540259374 | title=CWC: A High-Performance Conventional Authenticated Encryption Mode | year=2004 | pages=408–426 }}</ref>
-CWC mode was submitted to [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170830120738/http:/csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/BCM/modes_development.html</ref> for standardization, but NIST opted for the similar [[Galois/Counter Mode|GCM mode]] instead.<ref>https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/block-cipher-techniques/bcm/modes-development</ref>
+CWC mode was submitted to [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170830120738/http:/csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/BCM/modes_development.html</ref> for standardization, but NIST opted for the similar [[Galois/Counter Mode|GCM mode]] instead.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/block-cipher-techniques/bcm/modes-development | title=Modes Development - Block Cipher Techniques &#124; CSRC &#124; CSRC | date=4 January 2017 }}</ref>
 Although GCM has weaknesses compared to CWC,<ref>https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/projects/block-cipher-techniques/documents/bcm/comments/cwc-gcm/ferguson2.pdf, section 7</ref> the GCM authors successfully argued for GCM.<ref>https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/media/Projects/Block-Cipher-Techniques/documents/BCM/Comments/CWC-GCM/gcm-update.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2022}}</ref>