Arachnomyces: Difference between revisions

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{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Arachnomyces bostrychodes ARevisionOfMalbranchea-LikeFungi Fig 3D.webp
| image =
| image_caption = ''[[A. bostrychodes]]'' reproductive [[hyphae]] separating into [[Arthroconidium|arthroconidia]]
| image_caption =
| taxon = Arachnomyces
| taxon = Arachnomyces
| authority = Massee & E.S. Salmon 1902
| authority = Massee & E.S. Salmon 1902
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
* ''[[Arachnomyces bostrychodes|A. bostrychodes]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces flavidulus|A. flavidulus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces flavidulus|A. flavidulus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces glareosus|A. glareosus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces glareosus|A. glareosus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces graciliformis|A. graciliformis]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces gracilis|A. gracilis]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces gracilis|A. gracilis]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces jinanicus|A. jinanicus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces jinanicus|A. jinanicus]]''
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* ''[[Arachnomyces minutus|A. minutus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces minutus|A. minutus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces nitidus|A. nitidus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces nitidus|A. nitidus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces nodosetosus|A. nodosetosus]]''
* ''[[Onychocola canadensis|A. nodosetosus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces peruvianus|A. peruvianus]]''
* ''[[Xanthothecium peruvianum|A. peruvianus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces pilosus|A. pilosus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces pilosus|A. pilosus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces scleroticus|A. scleroticus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces scleroticus|A. scleroticus]]''
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* ''[[Arachnomyces validus|A. validus]]''
* ''[[Arachnomyces validus|A. validus]]''
}}
}}
'''''Arachnomyces''''' is a genus of sexually reproducing [[Ascocarp#Cleistothecium|cleistothecial]] [[ascomycete]] fungi described in 1902,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. |date=December 2007 |title=Outline of Ascomycota &ndash; 2007 |journal=Myconet |volume=13 |pages=1–58 |url=http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |publisher=The Field Museum, Department of Botany |location=Chicago, USA |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318003134/http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |archivedate=2009-03-18 }}</ref> of which the [[anamorph]] (asexual) stage is the genus '''''Onychocola'''''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Phylogeny of the genus Arachnomyces and its anamorphs and the establishment of Arachnomycetales, a new eurotiomycete order in the Ascomycota|journal=Studies in Mycology|vauthors=((Gibas CFC)), Sigler L, Summerbell RC, Currah RS|volume=47|pages=131-139|date=2002|url=https://uamh.ca/Research/_/media/uamh/NotInUse/Unused4/2002_Stud_Mycol_Phylogeny_Arachnomyces.pdf}}</ref> Although morphologically similar to members of other families, the fungus now belongs to its own [[monotypic]] family '''Arachnomycetaceae''', which is the only family in the monotypic order '''Arachnomycetales'''.<ref name=OutlineFungi>{{cite journal|journal=Mycosphere|date=18 March 2020|title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa|doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8|vauthors=Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, ((Al-Ani LKT)), Tedersoo L, Haelewaters D, Rajeshkumar KC, Zhao R, Aptroot A, Leontyev DV, Saxena RK, Tokarev YS, Dai DQ, Letcher PM, Stephenson SL, Ertz D, Lumbsch HT, Kukwa M, Issi IV, Madrid H, ((Phillips AJL)), Selbmann L, Pfliegler WP, Horváth E, Bensch K, Kirk PM, Kolaříková K, Raja HA, Radek R, Papp V, Dima B, Ma J, Malosso E, Takamatsu S, Rambold G, Gannibal PB, Triebel D, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Suetrong S, Timdal E, Fryar SC, Delgado G, Réblová M, Doilom M, Dolatabadi S, Pawłowska JZ, Humber RA, Kodsueb R, Sánchez-Castro I, Goto BT, ((Silva DKA)), de Souza FA, Oehl F, da Silva GA, Silva IR, Błaszkowski J, Jobim K, Maia LC, Barbosa FR, Fiuza PO, Divakar PK, Shenoy BD, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Somrithipol S, Lateef AA, Karunarathna SC, Tibpromma S, Mortimer PE, Wanasinghe DN, Phookamsak R, Xu J, Wang Y, Tian F, Alvarado P, Li DW, Kušan I, Matočec N, Mešić A, Tkalčec Z, ((Maharachchikumbura SSN)), Papizadeh M, Heredia G, Wartchow F, Bakhshi M, Boehm E, Youssef N, Hustad VP, Lawrey JD, ((Santiago ALCMA)), ((Bezerra JDP)), Souza-Motta CM, Firmino AL, Tian Q, Houbraken J, Hongsanan S, Tanaka K, Dissanayake AJ, Monteiro JS, Grossart HP, Suija A, Weerakoon G, Etayo J, Tsurykau A, Vázquez V, Mungai P, Damm U, Li QR, Zhang H, Boonmee S, Lu YZ, Becerra AG, Kendrick B, Brearley FQ, Motiejūnaitė J, Sharma B, Khare R, Gaikwad S, ((Wijesundara DSA)), Tang LZ, He MQ, Flakus A, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Zhurbenko MP, ((McKenzie EHC)), Stadler M, Bhat DJ, Liu JK, Raza M, Jeewon R, Nassonova ES, Prieto M, ((Jayalal RGU)), Erdoğdu M, Yurkov A, Schnittler M, Shchepin ON, Novozhilov YK, ((Silva-Filho AGS)), Gentekaki E, Liu P, Cavender JC, Kang Y, Mohammad S, Zhang LF, Xu RF, Li YM, Dayarathne MC, Ekanayaka AH, Wen TC, Deng CY, Pereira OL, Navathe S, Hawksworth DL, Fan XL, Dissanayake LS, Kuhnert E, Grossart HP, Thines M|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1060-1456|issn=20777019}}</ref><ref name="Arachnomycesphylo">{{cite journal|first1=BING-DA|last1=SUN|first2=YU-GUANG|last2=ZHOU|first3=AMANDA-JUAN|last3=CHEN|first4=JOS|last4=HOUBRAKEN|title=Phylogeny and a new species of the genus Arachnomyces (Arachnomycetaceae)|journal=Phytotaxa|volume=394|issue=1|date=2019|pages=089-097|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.394.1.6}}</ref>
'''''Arachnomyces''''' is a genus of [[Ascocarp#Cleistothecium|cleistothecial]] [[ascomycete]] fungi described in 1902,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. |date=December 2007 |title=Outline of Ascomycota &ndash; 2007 |journal=Myconet |volume=13 |pages=1–58 |url=http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |publisher=The Field Museum, Department of Botany |location=Chicago, USA |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318003134/http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |archivedate=2009-03-18 }}</ref> of which the [[anamorph]] (asexual) stage is the genus '''''Onychocola'''''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Phylogeny of the genus Arachnomyces and its anamorphs and the establishment of Arachnomycetales, a new eurotiomycete order in the Ascomycota|journal=Studies in Mycology|vauthors=((Gibas CFC)), Sigler L, Summerbell RC, Currah RS|volume=47|pages=131-139|date=2002|url=https://uamh.ca/Research/_/media/uamh/NotInUse/Unused4/2002_Stud_Mycol_Phylogeny_Arachnomyces.pdf}}</ref> Although morphologically similar to members of other families, the fungus now belongs to its own [[monotypic]] family '''Arachnomycetaceae''', which is the only family in the monotypic order '''Arachnomycetales'''.<ref name=OutlineFungi>{{cite journal|journal=Mycosphere|date=18 March 2020|title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa|doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8|vauthors=Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, ((Al-Ani LKT)), Tedersoo L, Haelewaters D, Rajeshkumar KC, Zhao R, Aptroot A, Leontyev DV, Saxena RK, Tokarev YS, Dai DQ, Letcher PM, Stephenson SL, Ertz D, Lumbsch HT, Kukwa M, Issi IV, Madrid H, ((Phillips AJL)), Selbmann L, Pfliegler WP, Horváth E, Bensch K, Kirk PM, Kolaříková K, Raja HA, Radek R, Papp V, Dima B, Ma J, Malosso E, Takamatsu S, Rambold G, Gannibal PB, Triebel D, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Suetrong S, Timdal E, Fryar SC, Delgado G, Réblová M, Doilom M, Dolatabadi S, Pawłowska JZ, Humber RA, Kodsueb R, Sánchez-Castro I, Goto BT, ((Silva DKA)), de Souza FA, Oehl F, da Silva GA, Silva IR, Błaszkowski J, Jobim K, Maia LC, Barbosa FR, Fiuza PO, Divakar PK, Shenoy BD, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Somrithipol S, Lateef AA, Karunarathna SC, Tibpromma S, Mortimer PE, Wanasinghe DN, Phookamsak R, Xu J, Wang Y, Tian F, Alvarado P, Li DW, Kušan I, Matočec N, Mešić A, Tkalčec Z, ((Maharachchikumbura SSN)), Papizadeh M, Heredia G, Wartchow F, Bakhshi M, Boehm E, Youssef N, Hustad VP, Lawrey JD, ((Santiago ALCMA)), ((Bezerra JDP)), Souza-Motta CM, Firmino AL, Tian Q, Houbraken J, Hongsanan S, Tanaka K, Dissanayake AJ, Monteiro JS, Grossart HP, Suija A, Weerakoon G, Etayo J, Tsurykau A, Vázquez V, Mungai P, Damm U, Li QR, Zhang H, Boonmee S, Lu YZ, Becerra AG, Kendrick B, Brearley FQ, Motiejūnaitė J, Sharma B, Khare R, Gaikwad S, ((Wijesundara DSA)), Tang LZ, He MQ, Flakus A, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Zhurbenko MP, ((McKenzie EHC)), Stadler M, Bhat DJ, Liu JK, Raza M, Jeewon R, Nassonova ES, Prieto M, ((Jayalal RGU)), Erdoğdu M, Yurkov A, Schnittler M, Shchepin ON, Novozhilov YK, ((Silva-Filho AGS)), Gentekaki E, Liu P, Cavender JC, Kang Y, Mohammad S, Zhang LF, Xu RF, Li YM, Dayarathne MC, Ekanayaka AH, Wen TC, Deng CY, Pereira OL, Navathe S, Hawksworth DL, Fan XL, Dissanayake LS, Kuhnert E, Grossart HP, Thines M|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1060-1456|issn=20777019}}</ref><ref name="Arachnomycesphylo">{{cite journal|first1=BING-DA|last1=SUN|first2=YU-GUANG|last2=ZHOU|first3=AMANDA-JUAN|last3=CHEN|first4=JOS|last4=HOUBRAKEN|title=Phylogeny and a new species of the genus Arachnomyces (Arachnomycetaceae)|journal=Phytotaxa|volume=394|issue=1|date=2019|pages=089-097|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.394.1.6}}</ref>
==Phylogeny==

⚫
The placement of ''Arachnomyces'' has changed multiple times due to its morphological similarities to members of different [[family (biology)|families]]. When first described in 1902, it was included in the old family [[Perisporiaceae]]. Later it was considered as part of [[Onygenaceae]], then it was placed within the [[Gymnoascaceae]] in 1996. Thanks to [[phylogeny|phylogenetic analyses]] ''Arachnomyces'' is currently recognized as a distinct [[monophyletic]] lineage, composing its own family Arachnomycetaceae and order Arachnomycetales within the class [[Eurotiomycetes]].<ref name="Arachnomycesphylo"/><ref name=OutlineFungi/><br>
⚫
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
{{wikitable| class="wikitable" width="auto" style="text-align: center"
⚫
The placement of ''Arachnomyces'' has changed over the last century due to its morphological similarities to members of different [[family (biology)|families]]. When first described in 1902, it was included in the old family [[Perisporiaceae]]. Later it was considered as part of [[Onygenaceae]], then it was placed within the [[Gymnoascaceae]] in 1996. Thanks to [[phylogeny|phylogenetic analyses]] ''Arachnomyces'' is currently recognized as a distinct [[monophyletic]] lineage, composing its own family [[Arachnomycetaceae]] and order [[Arachnomycetales]] within the class [[Eurotiomycetes]].<ref name="Arachnomycesphylo"/><ref name=OutlineFungi/><br>
|- style{{=}}"background:#efefef;"

The following [[cladogram]] shows the phylogenetic relationships between [[cell culture|cultured]] species of ''Arachnomyces''.<ref name="Arachnomycesphylo"/>
! Phylogeny in 2019<ref name="Arachnomycesphylo"/>
! Phylogeny in 2021<ref name="Malbranchea2021"/>
⚫
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;|1={{clade|3=''[[Arachnomyces nitidus|A. nitidus]]''|2={{clade|2=''[[Onychocola canadensis|A. nodosetosus]]''|1=''[[Arachnomyces jinanicus|A. jinanicus]]''}}|1={{clade|2=''[[Arachnomyces kanei|A. kanei]]''|1={{clade|2={{clade|1=''[[Arachnomyces pilosus|A. pilosus]]''|2=''[[Arachnomyces gracilis|A. gracilis]]''}}|1={{clade|1=''[[Xanthothecium peruvianum|A. peruvianum]]''|2={{clade|2=''[[Arachnomyces glareosus|A. glareosus]]''|1={{clade|1=''[[Arachnomyces minimus|A. minimus]]''|2=''[[Arachnomyces scleroticus|A. scleroticus]]''}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|-
There are currently 14 accepted species of ''Arachnomyces''.<ref name="Arachnomycesphylo"/><ref name="GBIF">{{cite web |title=Arachnomyces Massee & E.S.Salmon |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2595752 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=29 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
| style{{=}}"text-align:left;" |{{clade|style=font-size:90%;|1={{clade|3=''[[Arachnomyces nitidus|A. nitidus]]''|2={{clade|2=''[[Onychocola canadensis|A. nodosetosus]]''|1=''[[Arachnomyces jinanicus|A. jinanicus]]''}}|1={{clade|2=''[[Arachnomyces kanei|A. kanei]]''|1={{clade|2={{clade|1=''[[Arachnomyces pilosus|A. pilosus]]''|2=''[[Arachnomyces gracilis|A. gracilis]]''}}|1={{clade|1=''[[Xanthothecium peruvianum|A. peruvianum]]''|2={{clade|2=''[[Arachnomyces glareosus|A. glareosus]]''|1={{clade|1=''[[Arachnomyces minimus|A. minimus]]''|2=''[[Arachnomyces scleroticus|A. scleroticus]]''}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
| style{{=}}"text-align:left;" |{{clade|style=font-size:90%;|1={{clade|2={{clade|2=''[[Arachnomyces jinanicus|A. jinanicus]]''|1={{clade|1=''[[Onychocola canadensis|O. canadensis]]''}}}}|1={{clade|1={{clade|1=''[[Arachnomyces gracilis|A. gracilis]]''|2=''[[Arachnomyces pilosus|A. pilosus]]''}}|2={{clade|2=''[[Arachnomyces kanei|A. kanei]]''|1={{clade|1={{clade|1=''[[Arachnomyces minimus|A. minimus]]''|2=''[[Arachnomyces glareosus|A. glareosus]]''}}|2={{clade|2=''[[Xanthothecium peruvianum|A. peruvianum]]''|1={{clade|1=''[[Arachnomyces graciliformis|A. graciliformis]]''|2={{clade|2=''[[Arachnomyces scleroticus|A. scleroticus]]''|1={{clade|1=''[[Arachnomyces nitidus|A. nitidus]]''|2=''[[Arachnomyces bostrychodes|A. bostrychodes]]''}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
}}
⚫
==Taxonomy==
There are currently 16 accepted species of ''Arachnomyces''.<ref name="Arachnomycesphylo"/><ref name="GBIF">{{cite web |title=Arachnomyces Massee & E.S.Salmon |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2595752 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=29 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Malbranchea2021">{{cite journal|vauthors=Rodríguez-Andrade E, Cano-Lira JF, Wiederhold N, etal.|title=A revision of malbranchea-like fungi from clinical specimens in the United States of America reveals unexpected novelty|journal=IMA Fungus|volume=12|pages=25|date=7 September 2021|doi=10.1186/s43008-021-00075-x|url=https://imafungus.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s43008-021-00075-x|issn=2210-6359}}</ref>
* ''[[Arachnomyces bostrychodes]]'' {{small|Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel 2021}}
* ''[[Arachnomyces flavidulus]]'' {{small|Speg. 1912}}
* ''[[Arachnomyces flavidulus]]'' {{small|Speg. 1912}}
* ''[[Arachnomyces glareosus]]'' {{small|Gibas, Sigler & Currah 2004}}
* ''[[Arachnomyces glareosus]]'' {{small|Gibas, Sigler & Currah 2004}}
* ''[[Arachnomyces graciliformis]]'' {{small|Rodr.-Andr., Stchigel & Cano 2021}}
* ''[[Arachnomyces gracilis]]'' {{small|Udagawa & Uchiy. 1999}}
* ''[[Arachnomyces gracilis]]'' {{small|Udagawa & Uchiy. 1999}}
* ''[[Arachnomyces jinanicus]]'' {{small|B.D.Sun, Y.G.Zhou & A.J.Chen 2019}}
* ''[[Arachnomyces jinanicus]]'' {{small|B.D.Sun, Y.G.Zhou & A.J.Chen 2019}}

Revision as of 18:42, 6 September 2022

Arachnomyces
A. bostrychodes reproductive hyphae separating into arthroconidia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Eurotiomycetes
Order: Arachnomycetales
Family: Arachnomycetaceae
Genus: Arachnomyces
Massee & E.S. Salmon 1902
Type species
Arachnomyces nitidus
Massee & E.S. Salmon 1902
Species

Arachnomyces is a genus of cleistothecial ascomycete fungi described in 1902,[1] of which the anamorph (asexual) stage is the genus Onychocola.[2] Although morphologically similar to members of other families, the fungus now belongs to its own monotypic family Arachnomycetaceae, which is the only family in the monotypic order Arachnomycetales.[3][4]

Phylogeny

The placement of Arachnomyces has changed multiple times due to its morphological similarities to members of different families. When first described in 1902, it was included in the old family Perisporiaceae. Later it was considered as part of Onygenaceae, then it was placed within the Gymnoascaceae in 1996. Thanks to phylogenetic analyses Arachnomyces is currently recognized as a distinct monophyletic lineage, composing its own family Arachnomycetaceae and order Arachnomycetales within the class Eurotiomycetes.[4][3]

Phylogeny in 2019[4] Phylogeny in 2021[5]

Taxonomy

There are currently 16 accepted species of Arachnomyces.[4][6][5]

References

  1. ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58. Archived from the original on 2009-03-18.
  2. ^ Gibas CFC, Sigler L, Summerbell RC, Currah RS (2002). "Phylogeny of the genus Arachnomyces and its anamorphs and the establishment of Arachnomycetales, a new eurotiomycete order in the Ascomycota" (PDF). Studies in Mycology. 47: 131–139.
  3. ^ a b Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Al-Ani LKT, Tedersoo L, Haelewaters D, Rajeshkumar KC, Zhao R, Aptroot A, Leontyev DV, Saxena RK, Tokarev YS, Dai DQ, Letcher PM, Stephenson SL, Ertz D, Lumbsch HT, Kukwa M, Issi IV, Madrid H, Phillips AJL, Selbmann L, Pfliegler WP, Horváth E, Bensch K, Kirk PM, Kolaříková K, Raja HA, Radek R, Papp V, Dima B, Ma J, Malosso E, Takamatsu S, Rambold G, Gannibal PB, Triebel D, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Suetrong S, Timdal E, Fryar SC, Delgado G, Réblová M, Doilom M, Dolatabadi S, Pawłowska JZ, Humber RA, Kodsueb R, Sánchez-Castro I, Goto BT, Silva DKA, de Souza FA, Oehl F, da Silva GA, Silva IR, Błaszkowski J, Jobim K, Maia LC, Barbosa FR, Fiuza PO, Divakar PK, Shenoy BD, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Somrithipol S, Lateef AA, Karunarathna SC, Tibpromma S, Mortimer PE, Wanasinghe DN, Phookamsak R, Xu J, Wang Y, Tian F, Alvarado P, Li DW, Kušan I, Matočec N, Mešić A, Tkalčec Z, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Papizadeh M, Heredia G, Wartchow F, Bakhshi M, Boehm E, Youssef N, Hustad VP, Lawrey JD, Santiago ALCMA, Bezerra JDP, Souza-Motta CM, Firmino AL, Tian Q, Houbraken J, Hongsanan S, Tanaka K, Dissanayake AJ, Monteiro JS, Grossart HP, Suija A, Weerakoon G, Etayo J, Tsurykau A, Vázquez V, Mungai P, Damm U, Li QR, Zhang H, Boonmee S, Lu YZ, Becerra AG, Kendrick B, Brearley FQ, Motiejūnaitė J, Sharma B, Khare R, Gaikwad S, Wijesundara DSA, Tang LZ, He MQ, Flakus A, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Zhurbenko MP, McKenzie EHC, Stadler M, Bhat DJ, Liu JK, Raza M, Jeewon R, Nassonova ES, Prieto M, Jayalal RGU, Erdoğdu M, Yurkov A, Schnittler M, Shchepin ON, Novozhilov YK, Silva-Filho AGS, Gentekaki E, Liu P, Cavender JC, Kang Y, Mohammad S, Zhang LF, Xu RF, Li YM, Dayarathne MC, Ekanayaka AH, Wen TC, Deng CY, Pereira OL, Navathe S, Hawksworth DL, Fan XL, Dissanayake LS, Kuhnert E, Grossart HP, Thines M (18 March 2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11 (1): 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. ISSN 2077-7019.
  4. ^ a b c d SUN, BING-DA; ZHOU, YU-GUANG; CHEN, AMANDA-JUAN; HOUBRAKEN, JOS (2019). "Phylogeny and a new species of the genus Arachnomyces (Arachnomycetaceae)". Phytotaxa. 394 (1): 089–097. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.394.1.6.
  5. ^ a b Rodríguez-Andrade E, Cano-Lira JF, Wiederhold N, et al. (7 September 2021). "A revision of malbranchea-like fungi from clinical specimens in the United States of America reveals unexpected novelty". IMA Fungus. 12: 25. doi:10.1186/s43008-021-00075-x. ISSN 2210-6359.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ "Arachnomyces Massee & E.S.Salmon". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
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