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{{short description|Italian-American physicist (born 1965)}}
{{short description|Italian-American physicist (born 1965)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
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[[Indiana University]]<br>[[Northeastern University]]
[[Indiana University]]<br>[[Northeastern University]]
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'''Alessandro Vespignani''' (born April 4, 1965) is an Italian-American physicist, best known for his work on [[complex network]]s, and particularly for work on the applications of [[network theory]] to the spread of disease, applications of [[computational epidemiology]], and for studies of the topological properties of the [[Internet]].
'''Alessandro Vespignani''' (born April 4, 1965) is an Italian-American physicist, best known for his work on [[complex network]]s, and particularly for work on the applications of [[network theory]] to the [[Mathematical modelling of infectious disease|mathematical modeling of infectious disease]], applications of [[computational epidemiology]], and for studies of the topological properties of the [[Internet]]. He is currently the Sternberg Family Distinguished University Professor of Physics, Computer Science and Health Sciences at [[Northeastern University]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Homepage of Alessandro Vespignani|url=http://www.mobs-lab.org/alessandro-vespignani.html|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref> where he is the director of the [https://www.networkscienceinstitute.org/ Network Science Institute].


Vespignani and his team have contributed mathematical and computational modeling analysis on several disease outbreaks, including [[H1N1 Swine Flu|2009 H1N1 flu]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tizzoni |first=Michele |last2=Bajardi |first2=Paolo |last3=Poletto |first3=Chiara |last4=Ramasco |first4=José J. |last5=Balcan |first5=Duygu |last6=Gonçalves |first6=Bruno |last7=Perra |first7=Nicola |last8=Colizza |first8=Vittoria |last9=Vespignani |first9=Alessandro |date=2012-12-13 |title=Real-time numerical forecast of global epidemic spreading: case study of 2009 A/H1N1pdm |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-165 |journal=BMC Medicine |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=165 |doi=10.1186/1741-7015-10-165 |issn=1741-7015 |pmc=PMC3585792 |pmid=23237460}}</ref>, [[List of Ebola outbreaks|Ebola epidemic in West Africa]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomes |first=Marcelo F. C. |last2=Pastore Y Piontti |first2=Ana |last3=Rossi |first3=Luca |last4=Chao |first4=Dennis |last5=Longini |first5=Ira |last6=Halloran |first6=M. Elizabeth |last7=Vespignani |first7=Alessandro |date=2014-09-02 |title=Assessing the international spreading risk associated with the 2014 west african ebola outbreak |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642360/ |journal=PLoS currents |volume=6 |pages=ecurrents.outbreaks.cd818f63d40e24aef769dda7df9e0da5 |doi=10.1371/currents.outbreaks.cd818f63d40e24aef769dda7df9e0da5 |issn=2157-3999 |pmc=4169359 |pmid=25642360}}</ref>, [[2015–16 Zika virus epidemic|Zika epidemic]], and the [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid-19 pandemic]].
He is currently the Sternberg Family Distinguished University Professor of Physics, Computer Science and Health Sciences at [[Northeastern University]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Homepage of Alessandro Vespignani|url=http://www.mobs-lab.org/alessandro-vespignani.html|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref> where he is the director of the [https://www.networkscienceinstitute.org/ Network Science Institute]. Vespignani is serving in the board/leadership of a variety of professional associations, institutions and journals. Vespignani is author, together with Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, of the book ''Evolution and Structure of the Internet''. Together with Alain Barrat and Marc Barthelemy he has published in 2008 the monograph ''Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks''.

Vespignani is author, together with Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, of the book ''Evolution and Structure of the Internet''. Together with Alain Barrat and Marc Barthelemy he has published in 2008 the monograph ''Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks''.


==Career and research==
==Career and research==
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He is best known, however, for his work on [[complex network]]s. Of particular note is his work with [[Romualdo Pastor-Satorras]], in which the two demonstrated that for a disease propagating on a random [[scale-free network]] the transmission probability or [[infectivity]] necessary to sustain an outbreak tends to zero in the limit of large network size. Vespignani’s works on modeling the spatial spread of epidemics includes the realistic and data-driven modeling of emerging infectious diseases,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cidid.org/|title=Home|website=Center for Inference and Dynamics of Infectious Diseases|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-28}}</ref> and contributions to computational epidemiology by developing specific tools for the analysis of the global spread of epidemics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleamviz.org/|title=GLEAMviz.org|website=www.gleamviz.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/using-power-prediction-halt-ebola-tracks|title=Using the power of prediction to halt Ebola in its tracks|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-28|date=2015-06-11}}</ref>
He is best known, however, for his work on [[complex network]]s. Of particular note is his work with [[Romualdo Pastor-Satorras]], in which the two demonstrated that for a disease propagating on a random [[scale-free network]] the transmission probability or [[infectivity]] necessary to sustain an outbreak tends to zero in the limit of large network size. Vespignani’s works on modeling the spatial spread of epidemics includes the realistic and data-driven modeling of emerging infectious diseases,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cidid.org/|title=Home|website=Center for Inference and Dynamics of Infectious Diseases|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-28}}</ref> and contributions to computational epidemiology by developing specific tools for the analysis of the global spread of epidemics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleamviz.org/|title=GLEAMviz.org|website=www.gleamviz.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/using-power-prediction-halt-ebola-tracks|title=Using the power of prediction to halt Ebola in its tracks|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-28|date=2015-06-11}}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Vespignani’s team investigated<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carey |first=Benedict |date=2020-03-13 |title=Mapping the Social Network of Coronavirus |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/science/coronavirus-social-networks-data.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> how travel and quarantine influenced the dynamics of the spread of SARS-CoV-2<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chinazzi |first=Matteo |last2=Davis |first2=Jessica T. |last3=Ajelli |first3=Marco |last4=Gioannini |first4=Corrado |last5=Litvinova |first5=Maria |last6=Merler |first6=Stefano |last7=Pastore y Piontti |first7=Ana |last8=Mu |first8=Kunpeng |last9=Rossi |first9=Luca |last10=Sun |first10=Kaiyuan |last11=Viboud |first11=Cécile |last12=Xiong |first12=Xinyue |last13=Yu |first13=Hongjie |last14=Halloran |first14=M. Elizabeth |last15=Longini |first15=Ira M. |date=2020-04-24 |title=The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aba9757 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=368 |issue=6489 |pages=395–400 |doi=10.1126/science.aba9757 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=PMC7164386 |pmid=32144116}}</ref>. The modeling analysis mapped the early dispersal of infections and the temporal windows of the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 and onset of local transmission in Europe and the USA<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=Jessica T. |last2=Chinazzi |first2=Matteo |last3=Perra |first3=Nicola |last4=Mu |first4=Kunpeng |last5=Pastore y Piontti |first5=Ana |last6=Ajelli |first6=Marco |last7=Dean |first7=Natalie E. |last8=Gioannini |first8=Corrado |last9=Litvinova |first9=Maria |last10=Merler |first10=Stefano |last11=Rossi |first11=Luca |last12=Sun |first12=Kaiyuan |last13=Xiong |first13=Xinyue |last14=Longini |first14=Ira M. |last15=Halloran |first15=M. Elizabeth |date=2021-12 |title=Cryptic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the first COVID-19 wave |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04130-w |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=600 |issue=7887 |pages=127–132 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04130-w |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>, showing that hidden outbreaks were spreading almost completely undetected in major US cities<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carey |first=Benedict |last2=Glanz |first2=James |date=2020-04-23 |title=Hidden Outbreaks Spread Through U.S. Cities Far Earlier Than Americans Knew, Estimates Say |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/23/us/coronavirus-early-outbreaks-cities.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>. Vespignani research contributed also to covid forecasting<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cramer |first=Estee Y. |last2=Ray |first2=Evan L. |last3=Lopez |first3=Velma K. |last4=Bracher |first4=Johannes |last5=Brennen |first5=Andrea |last6=Castro Rivadeneira |first6=Alvaro J. |last7=Gerding |first7=Aaron |last8=Gneiting |first8=Tilmann |last9=House |first9=Katie H. |last10=Huang |first10=Yuxin |last11=Jayawardena |first11=Dasuni |last12=Kanji |first12=Abdul H. |last13=Khandelwal |first13=Ayush |last14=Le |first14=Khoa |last15=Mühlemann |first15=Anja |date=2022-04-08 |title=Evaluation of individual and ensemble probabilistic forecasts of COVID-19 mortality in the United States |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113561119 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=119 |issue=15 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2113561119 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=PMC9169655 |pmid=35394862}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2020-02-11 |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/forecasting/forecasting-us.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> and scenario analysis<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borchering |first=Rebecca K. |date=2021 |title=Modeling of Future COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Rates and Nonpharmaceutical Intervention Scenarios — United States, April–September 2021 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7019e3.htm |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |language=en-us |volume=70 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7019e3 |issn=0149-2195}}</ref>.


== Honors ==
== Honors ==
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* Premio Nazionale di Divulgazione Scientifica, Associazione Italiana del Libro, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albo d’oro |url=https://www.premiodivulgazionescientifica.it/albo-doro/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=Premio Nazionale di Divulgazione Scientifica {{!}} Giancarlo Dosi |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Premio Nazionale di Divulgazione Scientifica, Associazione Italiana del Libro, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albo d’oro |url=https://www.premiodivulgazionescientifica.it/albo-doro/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=Premio Nazionale di Divulgazione Scientifica {{!}} Giancarlo Dosi |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Euler Award, Network Science Society, 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=NetSci – The Network Science Society |url=https://netscisociety.net/award-prizes/euler-award |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=netscisociety.net}}</ref>
* Euler Award, Network Science Society, 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=NetSci – The Network Science Society |url=https://netscisociety.net/award-prizes/euler-award |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=netscisociety.net}}</ref>
[[File:ITA_OSI_2011_Uff_BAR.svg|left|50px]] Knight: ''[[Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity|Cavaliere dell'Ordine della Stella d'Italia]]'': 9 December 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gazzetta Ufficiale |url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2021-01-30&atto.codiceRedazionale=21A00412&elenco30giorni=false |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=www.gazzettaufficiale.it}}</ref>
[[File:ITA_OSI_2011_Uff_BAR.svg|left|50px]] Knight: ''[[Order of the Star of Italy|Order of the star of Italy]]'': 9 December 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gazzetta Ufficiale |url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2021-01-30&atto.codiceRedazionale=21A00412&elenco30giorni=false |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=www.gazzettaufficiale.it}}</ref>
==Notable publications==
==Notable publications==
* {{cite journal
* {{cite journal

Revision as of 21:46, 21 September 2022

Alessandro Vespignani
Born (1965-04-04) April 4, 1965 (age 59)
Alma materSapienza University of Rome (PhD)
Known fornetwork science
Mathematical modelling of infectious disease
computational epidemiology
AwardsList of American Physical Society Fellows
Fellows of the Network Science Society
Order of the Star of Italy
Scientific career
InstitutionsLeiden University
International Centre for Theoretical Physics
Indiana University
Northeastern University
Websitewww.networkscienceinstitute.org/people/alessandro-vespignani

Alessandro Vespignani (born April 4, 1965) is an Italian-American physicist, best known for his work on complex networks, and particularly for work on the applications of network theory to the mathematical modeling of infectious disease, applications of computational epidemiology, and for studies of the topological properties of the Internet. He is currently the Sternberg Family Distinguished University Professor of Physics, Computer Science and Health Sciences at Northeastern University,[1] where he is the director of the Network Science Institute.

Vespignani and his team have contributed mathematical and computational modeling analysis on several disease outbreaks, including 2009 H1N1 flu[2], Ebola epidemic in West Africa[3], Zika epidemic, and the Covid-19 pandemic.

Vespignani is author, together with Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, of the book Evolution and Structure of the Internet. Together with Alain Barrat and Marc Barthelemy he has published in 2008 the monograph Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks.

Career and research

Vespignani received his undergraduate degree and Ph.D., both in physics and both from the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, in 1990 and 1993, respectively. Following postdoctoral research at Yale University and Leiden University, he worked at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste for five years, and briefly at the University of Paris-Sud, before moving to Indiana University in 2004,[4] and then to Northeastern University in 2011.[5]

Vespignani has worked in a number of areas of physics, including characterization of non-equilibrium phenomena and phase transitions, computer science, network science and computational epidemiology. He has collaborated with, among others, Luciano Pietronero, Benoit Mandelbrot, Betz Halloran, Ira Longini, and David Lazer. He describes his current research as being focused on "interdisciplinary application of statistical and numerical simulation methods in the analysis of epidemic and spreading phenomena and the study of biological, social and technological networks."[6]

He is best known, however, for his work on complex networks. Of particular note is his work with Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, in which the two demonstrated that for a disease propagating on a random scale-free network the transmission probability or infectivity necessary to sustain an outbreak tends to zero in the limit of large network size. Vespignani’s works on modeling the spatial spread of epidemics includes the realistic and data-driven modeling of emerging infectious diseases,[7] and contributions to computational epidemiology by developing specific tools for the analysis of the global spread of epidemics.[8][9]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Vespignani’s team investigated[10] how travel and quarantine influenced the dynamics of the spread of SARS-CoV-2[11]. The modeling analysis mapped the early dispersal of infections and the temporal windows of the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 and onset of local transmission in Europe and the USA[12], showing that hidden outbreaks were spreading almost completely undetected in major US cities[13]. Vespignani research contributed also to covid forecasting[14][15] and scenario analysis[16].

Honors

Vespignani is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the Network Science Society. He has been inducted in the Academia Europaea (section Physics and Engineering) in 2011.

  • Aspen Institute Italia Award[17] for scientific research and collaboration between Italy and the United States, 2016
  • Doctorate Honoris Causa from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, 2017 [18]
  • John Graunt award for extraordinary achievements in one of the population sciences, 2018 [19]
  • Senior Scientific award of the Complex Systems Society for outstanding contributions to Complex Systems & Network sciences, 2108 [20]
  • Premio Nazionale di Divulgazione Scientifica, Associazione Italiana del Libro, 2019[21]
  • Euler Award, Network Science Society, 2020[22]

Knight: Order of the star of Italy: 9 December 2020[23]

Notable publications

References

  1. ^ "Homepage of Alessandro Vespignani". Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  2. ^ Tizzoni, Michele; Bajardi, Paolo; Poletto, Chiara; Ramasco, José J.; Balcan, Duygu; Gonçalves, Bruno; Perra, Nicola; Colizza, Vittoria; Vespignani, Alessandro (2012-12-13). "Real-time numerical forecast of global epidemic spreading: case study of 2009 A/H1N1pdm". BMC Medicine. 10 (1): 165. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-165. ISSN 1741-7015. PMC 3585792. PMID 23237460.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ Gomes, Marcelo F. C.; Pastore Y Piontti, Ana; Rossi, Luca; Chao, Dennis; Longini, Ira; Halloran, M. Elizabeth; Vespignani, Alessandro (2014-09-02). "Assessing the international spreading risk associated with the 2014 west african ebola outbreak". PLoS currents. 6: ecurrents.outbreaks.cd818f63d40e24aef769dda7df9e0da5. doi:10.1371/currents.outbreaks.cd818f63d40e24aef769dda7df9e0da5. ISSN 2157-3999. PMC 4169359. PMID 25642360.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ "Scientist at Work: Alessandro Vespignani: IU News Room: Indiana University". newsinfo.iu.edu. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  5. ^ "Alex Vespignani". news.northeastern.edu. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  6. ^ "Alessandro Vespignani – Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
  7. ^ "Home". Center for Inference and Dynamics of Infectious Diseases. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
  8. ^ "GLEAMviz.org". www.gleamviz.org. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
  9. ^ "Using the power of prediction to halt Ebola in its tracks". PBS NewsHour. 2015-06-11. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
  10. ^ Carey, Benedict (2020-03-13). "Mapping the Social Network of Coronavirus". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-09-21.
  11. ^ Chinazzi, Matteo; Davis, Jessica T.; Ajelli, Marco; Gioannini, Corrado; Litvinova, Maria; Merler, Stefano; Pastore y Piontti, Ana; Mu, Kunpeng; Rossi, Luca; Sun, Kaiyuan; Viboud, Cécile; Xiong, Xinyue; Yu, Hongjie; Halloran, M. Elizabeth; Longini, Ira M. (2020-04-24). "The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak". Science. 368 (6489): 395–400. doi:10.1126/science.aba9757. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 7164386. PMID 32144116.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  12. ^ Davis, Jessica T.; Chinazzi, Matteo; Perra, Nicola; Mu, Kunpeng; Pastore y Piontti, Ana; Ajelli, Marco; Dean, Natalie E.; Gioannini, Corrado; Litvinova, Maria; Merler, Stefano; Rossi, Luca; Sun, Kaiyuan; Xiong, Xinyue; Longini, Ira M.; Halloran, M. Elizabeth (2021-12). "Cryptic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the first COVID-19 wave". Nature. 600 (7887): 127–132. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04130-w. ISSN 1476-4687. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Carey, Benedict; Glanz, James (2020-04-23). "Hidden Outbreaks Spread Through U.S. Cities Far Earlier Than Americans Knew, Estimates Say". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-09-21.
  14. ^ Cramer, Estee Y.; Ray, Evan L.; Lopez, Velma K.; Bracher, Johannes; Brennen, Andrea; Castro Rivadeneira, Alvaro J.; Gerding, Aaron; Gneiting, Tilmann; House, Katie H.; Huang, Yuxin; Jayawardena, Dasuni; Kanji, Abdul H.; Khandelwal, Ayush; Le, Khoa; Mühlemann, Anja (2022-04-08). "Evaluation of individual and ensemble probabilistic forecasts of COVID-19 mortality in the United States". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (15). doi:10.1073/pnas.2113561119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9169655. PMID 35394862.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  15. ^ CDC (2020-02-11). "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2022-09-21.
  16. ^ Borchering, Rebecca K. (2021). "Modeling of Future COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Rates and Nonpharmaceutical Intervention Scenarios — United States, April–September 2021". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7019e3. ISSN 0149-2195.
  17. ^ "Aspen Institute Italia Award for scientific research and collaboration between Italy and the United States | Aspen Institute Italia". www.aspeninstitute.it. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  18. ^ TU Delft (2017-01-16), TU Delft – 175th Dies Natalis / Honorary Doctorates, archived from the original on 2021-12-21, retrieved 2018-07-24
  19. ^ "John Graunt Award". www.radboudumc.nl. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  20. ^ "CSS Awards". cssociety.org. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  21. ^ "Albo d'oro". Premio Nazionale di Divulgazione Scientifica | Giancarlo Dosi. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  22. ^ "NetSci – The Network Science Society". netscisociety.net. Retrieved 2022-07-23.
  23. ^ "Gazzetta Ufficiale". www.gazzettaufficiale.it. Retrieved 2022-07-23.
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