Errantia: Difference between revisions

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| image_caption = Polychaete errantian marine worm, 10x polarized light
| image_caption = Polychaete errantian marine worm, 10x polarized light
| taxon = Errantia
| taxon = Errantia
| authority = Audouin & H Milne Edwards 1832
| subdivision_ranks = Orders
| subdivision_ranks = Orders<ref name="Handbook Zoology Annelida 1"/><ref name="AnnelidCurrent"/>
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
*[[Aciculata]]
[[Amphinomida]]<br/>
[[Eunicida]]<br/>
**[[Eunicida]]
[[Phyllodocida]]<br/>
**[[Phyllodocida]]
*[[Protodriliformia]]
**[[Polygordiidae]]
**[[Protodrilida]]
}}
}}
'''Errantia''' is a diverse group of [[marine life|marine]] [[polychaete]] worms in the phylum [[Annelida]]. Traditionally a [[subclass (biology)|subclass]] of the [[polyphyletic]] class "[[Polychaeta]]",<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eol.org/pages/85 |title=Encyclopedia of Life |access-date=2011-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115153944/http://www.eol.org/pages/85 |archive-date=2010-11-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> it is currently regarded as a [[monophyletic]] group within the larger [[Pleistoannelida]], composed of Errantia and [[Sedentaria]].<ref name="Handbook Zoology Annelida 1"/> These worms are found worldwide in marine environments and brackish water.


==Phylogeny==
'''Errantia''', occasionally '''Aciculata''', is a [[subclass (biology)|subclass]] of [[polychaete]] worms. These worms are found worldwide in marine environments and brackish water.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eol.org/pages/85 |title=Encyclopedia of Life |access-date=2011-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115153944/http://www.eol.org/pages/85 |archive-date=2010-11-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The [[phylogeny]] of [[polychaete]]s is slowly being resolved. Errantia and [[Sedentaria]] are the two biggest [[clade]]s of polychaetes, and together they compose clade [[Pleistoannelida]].<ref name="Two adaptive routes Annelida"/> Two groups are nested within Errantia: [[Aciculata]] ([[Eunicida]] + [[Phyllodocida]]) and [[Protodriliformia]] ([[progenesis|small]] meiofaunal worms such as the [[Protodrilida]]).<ref name="Articulating Archiannelids"/><ref name="AnnelidCurrent"/><ref name="Handbook Zoology Annelida 1"/>


Historically, the order [[Amphinomida]] was part of this subclass. However, [[phylogenetic analyses]] place [[Amphinomida]] inside a basal clade with [[Sipunculida]] and ''[[Lobatocerebrum]]'', and this clade is the [[sister group]] to [[Pleistoannelida]].<ref name="AnnelidCurrent"/>
==Orders==
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;|1={{clade|1=[[Amphinomida]]|2={{clade|1=''[[Lobatocerebrum]]''|2=[[Sipunculida]]}}}}|label2=[[Pleistoannelida]]|2={{clade|label1='''Errantia'''|1={{clade|label1=[[Aciculata]]|1={{clade|1=[[Eunicida]]|2=[[Phyllodocida]]}}|label2=[[Protodriliformia]]|2={{clade|1=[[Protodrilida]]|2=[[Polygordiidae]]}}}}|2=[[Sedentaria]]}}}}
Some [[taxon|taxa]], such as [[Spintheridae]] and [[Myzostomida]], are still difficult to place due to their long branching, but they likely belong to either Errantia or [[Sedentaria]].<ref name="AnnelidCurrent"/>
==Classification==
;Order [[Amphinomida]]
;Order [[Amphinomida]]
*[[Amphinomidae]] Savigny in Lamarck, 1818
*[[Amphinomidae]] Savigny in Lamarck, 1818
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Two adaptive routes Annelida">{{cite journal|vauthors=Struck TH, Golombek A, Weigert A, Franke FA, Westheide W, Purschke G, Bleidorn C, Halanych KM|title=The evolution of annelids reveals two adaptive routes to the interstitial realm|journal=Curr Biol|date=3 August 2015|volume=25|issue=15|pages=1993–1999|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.007|pmid=26212885}}</ref>

<ref name="Articulating Archiannelids">{{cite journal|first1=Sónia C.S.|last1=Andrade|first2=Marta|last2=Novo|first3=Gisele Y.|last3=Kawauchi|first4=Katrine|last4=Worsaae|first5=Fredrik|last5=Pleijel|first6=Gonzalo|last6=Giribet|first7=Greg W.|last7=Rouse|title=Articulating “Archiannelids”: Phylogenomics and Annelid Relationships, with Emphasis on Meiofaunal Taxa|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=32|issue=11|date=November 2015|pages=2860–2875|doi=10.1093/molbev/msv157}}</ref>

<ref name="Handbook Zoology Annelida 1">{{cite book|chapter=Phylogeny|vauthors=Struck TH|doi=10.1515/9783110291582-002|title=Handbook of Zoology: Annelida|volume=1: Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I|veditors=Purschke G, Böggemann M, Westheide W|isbn=9783110291469|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2019}}</ref>

<ref name="AnnelidCurrent">{{cite journal|vauthors=Weigert A, Bleidorn C|title=Current status of annelid phylogeny|journal=Org Divers Evol|volume=16|pages=345–362|date=2016|doi=10.1007/s13127-016-0265-7}}</ref>

}}


{{Taxonbar|from1=Q6759542|from2=Q2823177}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q6759542|from2=Q2823177}}

Revision as of 00:45, 14 December 2022

Errantia
Polychaete errantian marine worm, 10x polarized light
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Clade: Pleistoannelida
Subclass: Errantia
Audouin & H Milne Edwards 1832
Orders[1][2]

Errantia is a diverse group of marine polychaete worms in the phylum Annelida. Traditionally a subclass of the polyphyletic class "Polychaeta",[3] it is currently regarded as a monophyletic group within the larger Pleistoannelida, composed of Errantia and Sedentaria.[1] These worms are found worldwide in marine environments and brackish water.

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of polychaetes is slowly being resolved. Errantia and Sedentaria are the two biggest clades of polychaetes, and together they compose clade Pleistoannelida.[4] Two groups are nested within Errantia: Aciculata (Eunicida + Phyllodocida) and Protodriliformia (small meiofaunal worms such as the Protodrilida).[5][2][1]

Historically, the order Amphinomida was part of this subclass. However, phylogenetic analyses place Amphinomida inside a basal clade with Sipunculida and Lobatocerebrum, and this clade is the sister group to Pleistoannelida.[2]

Pleistoannelida

Some taxa, such as Spintheridae and Myzostomida, are still difficult to place due to their long branching, but they likely belong to either Errantia or Sedentaria.[2]

Classification

Order Amphinomida
Order Eunicida
Order Phyllodocida
Incertae sedis

References

  1. ^ a b c Struck TH (2019). "Phylogeny". In Purschke G, Böggemann M, Westheide W (eds.). Handbook of Zoology: Annelida. Vol. 1: Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110291582-002. ISBN 9783110291469.
  2. ^ a b c d Weigert A, Bleidorn C (2016). "Current status of annelid phylogeny". Org Divers Evol. 16: 345–362. doi:10.1007/s13127-016-0265-7.
  3. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life". Archived from the original on 2010-11-15. Retrieved 2011-06-25.
  4. ^ Struck TH, Golombek A, Weigert A, Franke FA, Westheide W, Purschke G, Bleidorn C, Halanych KM (3 August 2015). "The evolution of annelids reveals two adaptive routes to the interstitial realm". Curr Biol. 25 (15): 1993–1999. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.007. PMID 26212885.
  5. ^ Andrade, Sónia C.S.; Novo, Marta; Kawauchi, Gisele Y.; Worsaae, Katrine; Pleijel, Fredrik; Giribet, Gonzalo; Rouse, Greg W. (November 2015). "Articulating "Archiannelids": Phylogenomics and Annelid Relationships, with Emphasis on Meiofaunal Taxa". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 32 (11): 2860–2875. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv157.
  6. ^ ITIS
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