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'''''Aetobatus laticeps''''', the '''Pacific white-spotted eagle ray''', is a species of [[Chondrichthyes|cartilaginous fish]] in the eagle ray family [[Eagle ray|Myliobatidae]]. It is found in the tropical East Pacific Ocean, ranging from [[Baja California Peninsula|Baja California]] to northern [[Peru]], including the [[Galápagos]].<ref>Gill, T.N. (1865) Note on the family of myliobatoids, and on a new species of ''Aetobatis''. ''Annals of the Lycium of Natural History of New York'' 8: 135–138.</ref> There has been recent evidence to suggest ''A.laticeps'' is in the Mexican tropical Pacific, more specifically in Chacahua Lagoon. However this evidence is insufficient and so the research being done on the spotted eagle rays in Chacahua Lagoon is working under the name ''A. narinari.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=González-Ramos |first=M. S. |last2=Santos-Moreno |first2=A. |last3=Rosas-Alquicira |first3=E. F. |last4=Fuentes-Mascorro |first4=G. |date=March 2017 |title=Validation of photo-identification as a mark-recapture method in the spotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari: photo identification of aetobatus narinari |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.13215 |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |language=en |volume=90 |issue=3 |pages=1021–1030 |doi=10.1111/jfb.13215}}</ref> Until 2014, it was included in the similar [[spotted eagle ray]] (''A. narinari''), but the two differ in [[genetics]].<ref>Richards, V.P., M. Henning, W. Witzell & M.S. Shivji (2009). Species delineation and evolutionary history of the globally distributed spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari). J Hered. 100(3): 273-83. [[doi: 10.1093/jhered/esp005]]</ref><ref>White, W.T. (2014): A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera. Zootaxa, 3860 (2): 149–166.</ref> Following the split, ''A. narinari'' is restricted to the Atlantic, while the [[Indo-Pacific]] is inhabited by the closely related ''[[Aetobatus ocellatus|A. ocellatus]]''.<ref name=White2010>White, W.T., P.R. Last, G.J.P. Naylor, K. Jensen & J.N. Caira (2010). Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae). Pp. 141-164 in: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J., eds. (2010). Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 32.</ref>
'''''Aetobatus laticeps''''', the '''Pacific white-spotted eagle ray''', is a species of [[Chondrichthyes|cartilaginous fish]] in the eagle ray family [[Eagle ray|Myliobatidae]]. It is found in the tropical East Pacific Ocean, ranging from [[Baja California Peninsula|Baja California]] to northern [[Peru]], including the [[Galápagos]].<ref>Gill, T.N. (1865) Note on the family of myliobatoids, and on a new species of ''Aetobatis''. ''Annals of the Lycium of Natural History of New York'' 8: 135–138.</ref> There has been recent evidence to suggest ''A.laticeps'' is in the Mexican tropical Pacific, more specifically in Chacahua Lagoon. However this evidence is insufficient and so the research being done on the spotted eagle rays in Chacahua Lagoon is working under the name ''A. narinari.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=González-Ramos |first=M. S. |last2=Santos-Moreno |first2=A. |last3=Rosas-Alquicira |first3=E. F. |last4=Fuentes-Mascorro |first4=G. |date=March 2017 |title=Validation of photo-identification as a mark-recapture method in the spotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari: photo identification of aetobatus narinari |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.13215 |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |language=en |volume=90 |issue=3 |pages=1021–1030 |doi=10.1111/jfb.13215}}</ref> Until 2014, it was included in the similar [[spotted eagle ray]] (''A. narinari''), but the two differ in [[genetics]].<ref>Richards, V.P., M. Henning, W. Witzell & M.S. Shivji (2009). Species delineation and evolutionary history of the globally distributed spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari). J Hered. 100(3): 273-83. [[doi: 10.1093/jhered/esp005]]</ref><ref>White, W.T. (2014): A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera. Zootaxa, 3860 (2): 149–166.</ref> Studies have been conducted to attempt to identify spot patterns at the individual level. ''A. laticeps'' and ''A. narinari'' both have white spots on the dorsal side of their dark body, making them difficult to differentiate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fallas-Madrigal |first=Diego |last2=Castelo-Corona |first2=Alejandra |last3=Mejías |first3=Diego |last4=Stephens-Cárdenas |first4=Steve |last5=Astorga-Arias |first5=Jennyfer |last6=Molina-Quirós |first6=José-L. |last7=Hernández |first7=Sebastián |last8=Fallas-Madrigal |first8=Diego |last9=Castelo-Corona |first9=Alejandra |last10=Mejías |first10=Diego |last11=Stephens-Cárdenas |first11=Steve |last12=Astorga-Arias |first12=Jennyfer |last13=Molina-Quirós |first13=José-L. |last14=Hernández |first14=Sebastián |date=2021-10 |title=Diversity of white spot patterns in the eagle ray Aetobatus laticeps (Myliobatiformes: Aetobatidae) in the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica |url=http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0034-77442021000600267&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |journal=Revista de Biología Tropical |language=en |volume=69 |pages=267–276 |doi=10.15517/rbt.v69is2.48323 |issn=0034-7744}}</ref> Following the split, ''A. narinari'' is restricted to the Atlantic, while the [[Indo-Pacific]] is inhabited by the closely related ''[[Aetobatus ocellatus|A. ocellatus]]''.<ref name=White2010>White, W.T., P.R. Last, G.J.P. Naylor, K. Jensen & J.N. Caira (2010). Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae). Pp. 141-164 in: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J., eds. (2010). Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 32.</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 00:42, 11 February 2023

Aetobatus laticeps
In the Galápagos
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
A. laticeps
Binomial name
Aetobatus laticeps
(Gill, 1865)

Aetobatus laticeps, the Pacific white-spotted eagle ray, is a species of cartilaginous fish in the eagle ray family Myliobatidae. It is found in the tropical East Pacific Ocean, ranging from Baja California to northern Peru, including the Galápagos.[2] There has been recent evidence to suggest A.laticeps is in the Mexican tropical Pacific, more specifically in Chacahua Lagoon. However this evidence is insufficient and so the research being done on the spotted eagle rays in Chacahua Lagoon is working under the name A. narinari.[3] Until 2014, it was included in the similar spotted eagle ray (A. narinari), but the two differ in genetics.[4][5] Studies have been conducted to attempt to identify spot patterns at the individual level. A. laticeps and A. narinari both have white spots on the dorsal side of their dark body, making them difficult to differentiate.[6] Following the split, A. narinari is restricted to the Atlantic, while the Indo-Pacific is inhabited by the closely related A. ocellatus.[7]

References

  1. ^ Pollom, R., Avalos, C., Bizzarro, J., Burgos-Vázquez, M.I., Cevallos, A., Espinoza, M., González, A., Herman, K., Mejía-Falla, P.A., Morales-Saldaña, J.M., Navia, A.F., Pérez Jiménez, J.C. & Sosa-Nishizaki, O. 2021. "Aetobatus laticeps. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T104021731A104021771". IUCN Red List.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Gill, T.N. (1865) Note on the family of myliobatoids, and on a new species of Aetobatis. Annals of the Lycium of Natural History of New York 8: 135–138.
  3. ^ González-Ramos, M. S.; Santos-Moreno, A.; Rosas-Alquicira, E. F.; Fuentes-Mascorro, G. (March 2017). "Validation of photo-identification as a mark-recapture method in the spotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari: photo identification of aetobatus narinari". Journal of Fish Biology. 90 (3): 1021–1030. doi:10.1111/jfb.13215.
  4. ^ Richards, V.P., M. Henning, W. Witzell & M.S. Shivji (2009). Species delineation and evolutionary history of the globally distributed spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari). J Hered. 100(3): 273-83. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esp005
  5. ^ White, W.T. (2014): A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera. Zootaxa, 3860 (2): 149–166.
  6. ^ Fallas-Madrigal, Diego; Castelo-Corona, Alejandra; Mejías, Diego; Stephens-Cárdenas, Steve; Astorga-Arias, Jennyfer; Molina-Quirós, José-L.; Hernández, Sebastián; Fallas-Madrigal, Diego; Castelo-Corona, Alejandra; Mejías, Diego; Stephens-Cárdenas, Steve; Astorga-Arias, Jennyfer; Molina-Quirós, José-L.; Hernández, Sebastián (2021-10). "Diversity of white spot patterns in the eagle ray Aetobatus laticeps (Myliobatiformes: Aetobatidae) in the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica". Revista de Biología Tropical. 69: 267–276. doi:10.15517/rbt.v69is2.48323. ISSN 0034-7744. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ White, W.T., P.R. Last, G.J.P. Naylor, K. Jensen & J.N. Caira (2010). Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae). Pp. 141-164 in: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J., eds. (2010). Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 32.