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The '''monfíes''' ({{IPA-es|moɱˈfi.es}}, [[grammatical number|sing.]] ''monfí''; {{lang-ar|منفي}} [[Arabic transliteration|trans.]] ''munfī'', "exiled, outlawed") were [[morisco]]s who lived during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in the mountains around [[Granada]]. |
The '''monfíes''' ({{IPA-es|moɱˈfi.es}}, [[grammatical number|sing.]] ''monfí''; {{lang-ar|منفي}} [[Arabic transliteration|trans.]] ''munfī'', "exiled, outlawed") were [[morisco]]s<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=David W. |date=1996 |title=Creating Christian Granada: Religion and community on the old-world frontier, 1492-1570 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/9b56bcff4661a458627763fdaa06eaee/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=www.proquest.com |publisher=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |language=en}}</ref> who lived during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in the mountains around [[Granada]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Franco Llopis |first=Borja |date=2022 |title=The Rebellion of the Alpujarras, Virgil, and the Fall of the Giants by Petrus Firens Cover Art for Historia de las Guerras Civiles de Granada |url=https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/10.1484/J.IKON.5.132363 |journal=IKON |language=en |volume=15 |pages=195–204 |doi=10.1484/J.IKON.5.132363 |issn=1846-8551}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamdani |first=Abbas |date=1992 |title=The Expulsion of Muslims from Spain |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1992.tb00387.x |journal=Digest of Middle East Studies |language=en |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=13–21 |doi=10.1111/j.1949-3606.1992.tb00387.x}}</ref>. |
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The first ''monfíes'' were people driven to the mountains as a result of the disorder and repression associated with the conquest of Granada by the [[Catholic Monarchs]] in 1492. Their numbers grew in subsequent decades as the new Castilian authorities put more pressure on the Muslims of Granada to convert to Christianity. The ''monfíes'', who were largely of rural origin, occasionally formed mountain communities in which they could practice their faith openly, in contrast to most moriscos, who were forced either to abandon their religion or practice it covertly. Their chief occupation was banditry against Christians. |
The first ''monfíes'' were people driven to the mountains as a result of the disorder and repression associated with the conquest of Granada by the [[Catholic Monarchs]] in 1492. Their numbers grew in subsequent decades as the new Castilian authorities put more pressure on the Muslims of Granada to convert to Christianity<ref name=":0" />. The ''monfíes'', who were largely of rural origin, occasionally formed mountain communities in which they could practice their faith openly, in contrast to most moriscos, who were forced either to abandon their religion or practice it covertly. Their chief occupation was banditry against Christians<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chejne |first=Anwar G. |url=https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=ypL60E0ZVN8C&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=monf%C3%ADes+moriscos&ots=jeLAEsYYlV&sig=SoWMybiw9EtRZ5Q6V1bYRDSXZn0 |title=Islam and the West: The Moriscos |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-9887-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruiz |first=Ana |url=https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=qMBlwWbxq3kC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=monf%C3%ADes+moriscos&ots=meNlgR65JO&sig=LXPanFtcpLZis4rYiVlff6i2lRM |title=Vibrant Andalusia: The Spice of Life in Southern Spain |date=2007 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-0-87586-541-6 |language=en}}</ref>. |
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The ''monfíes'' figured prominently in the [[Morisco Revolt]] of [[Aben Humeya]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Drayson |first=Elizabeth |title=History, Religion, Culture: Contextualizing Sixteenth-Century Granada |date=2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137358851_3 |work=The Lead Books of Granada |pages=38–54 |editor-last=Drayson |editor-first=Elizabeth |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1057/9781137358851_3 |isbn=978-1-137-35885-1 |access-date=2023-03-02}}</ref>. |
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The ''monfíes'' figured prominently in the [[Morisco Revolt]] of [[Aben Humeya]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 04:58, 2 March 2023
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The monfíes (Spanish pronunciation: [moɱˈfi.es], sing. monfí; Arabic: منفي trans. munfī, "exiled, outlawed") were moriscos[1] who lived during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in the mountains around Granada[2][3].
The first monfíes were people driven to the mountains as a result of the disorder and repression associated with the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492. Their numbers grew in subsequent decades as the new Castilian authorities put more pressure on the Muslims of Granada to convert to Christianity[3]. The monfíes, who were largely of rural origin, occasionally formed mountain communities in which they could practice their faith openly, in contrast to most moriscos, who were forced either to abandon their religion or practice it covertly. Their chief occupation was banditry against Christians[4][5].
The monfíes figured prominently in the Morisco Revolt of Aben Humeya[6].
See also
- Al-Andalus, the part of the Iberian Peninsula under Islamic rule.
- Andalusian Arabic, the former language of Moriscoes.
- Conversos, the baptized Jews and Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula and their descendants.
- Moors, the Muslim inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa.
- Morisco Revolt
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- ^ Coleman, David W. (1996). "Creating Christian Granada: Religion and community on the old-world frontier, 1492-1570". www.proquest.com. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
- ^ Franco Llopis, Borja (2022). "The Rebellion of the Alpujarras, Virgil, and the Fall of the Giants by Petrus Firens Cover Art for Historia de las Guerras Civiles de Granada". IKON. 15: 195–204. doi:10.1484/J.IKON.5.132363. ISSN 1846-8551.
- ^ a b Hamdani, Abbas (1992). "The Expulsion of Muslims from Spain". Digest of Middle East Studies. 1 (4): 13–21. doi:10.1111/j.1949-3606.1992.tb00387.x.
- ^ Chejne, Anwar G. Islam and the West: The Moriscos. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-9887-3.
- ^ Ruiz, Ana (2007). Vibrant Andalusia: The Spice of Life in Southern Spain. Algora Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87586-541-6.
- ^ Drayson, Elizabeth (2013), Drayson, Elizabeth (ed.), "History, Religion, Culture: Contextualizing Sixteenth-Century Granada", The Lead Books of Granada, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 38–54, doi:10.1057/9781137358851_3, ISBN 978-1-137-35885-1, retrieved 2023-03-02