List of heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Difference between revisions

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==List of officeholders==

(Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" width="90px" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Election
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" | Political party
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[List of presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|President(s)]]<br />{{small|(Term)}}
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
! colspan="10" |

===Republic of the Congo (1960–1971)===
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Mouvement National Congolais}};" | {{color|white|1}}
| [[File:Patrice Lumumba, 1960.jpg|90px]]
| [[Patrice Lumumba]]<br />{{small|(1925–1961)}}
| [[1960 Belgian Congo general election|1960]]
| 24 June 1960<br />''{{small|([[Lumumba Government|appointed]])}}''
| 5 September 1960<br />''{{small|([[Dissolution of the Lumumba Government|dismissed]])}}''
| {{Age in years and days|1960|6|24|1960|9|5}}
| [[Mouvement National Congolais]]<br />''{{small|(Lumumba faction)}}''
! rowspan="9" style="background:{{party color|ABAKO}};"|
! rowspan="9" style="font-weight:normal" |[[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]<br />[[File:Joseph Kasa-Vubu at the Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference.jpg|90px]]<br />{{small|(1960–1965)}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Mouvement National Congolais}};" | {{color|white|2}}
| [[File:Joseph Iléo, 1960.jpg|90px]]
| [[Joseph Iléo]]<br />{{small|(1921–1994)}}
| —
| 5 September 1960
| 20 September 1960
| {{Age in years and days|1960|9|5|1960|9|20}}
| [[Mouvement National Congolais]]<br />''{{small|([[Albert Kalonji|Kalonji]] faction)}}''
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | {{color|black|3}}
| [[File:Albert Ndele.jpg|90px]]
| [[Albert Ndele]]<br />{{small|(1930–2023)}}
| —
| 20 September 1960
| 3 October 1960
| {{Age in years and days|1960|9|20|1960|10|3}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | {{color|black|4}}
| [[File:Aankomst op Schiphol van Justin Bomboko minister in reg Ileo op doorreis naar P, Bestanddeelnr 911-6367.jpg|90px]]
| [[Justin Bomboko]]<br />{{small|(1928–2014)}}
| —
| 3 October 1960
| 9 February 1961
| {{Age in years and days|1960|10|3|1961|2|9}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Parti Solidaire Africain}};" | {{color|white|—}}
| [[File:Gizenga, 1961.jpg|90px]]
| [[Antoine Gizenga]]<br />{{small|(1925–2019)}}<br />''{{small|(disputed)}}{{efn|name="Congo Crisis"|Prime Minister of the [[Free Republic of the Congo]], in rebellion at [[Kisangani|Stanleyville]], during the [[Congo Crisis]].<ref>{{cite book| last = James| first = Alan| title = Britain and the Congo Crisis, 1960–63| publisher = Springer| edition = illustrated| date = 1996| pages = xix| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qQexCwAAQBAJ&dq=| isbn = 9781349245284}}</ref>}}''
| —
| 13 December 1960
| 5 August 1961
| {{Age in years and days|1960|12|13|1961|8|5}}
| [[Parti Solidaire Africain]]<br />''{{small|(Gizenga faction)}}''
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Mouvement National Congolais}};" | {{color|white|{{small|(2)}}}}
| [[File:Joseph Iléo, 1960.jpg|90px]]
| [[Joseph Iléo]]<br />{{small|(1921–1994)}}
| —
| 9 February 1961
| 2 August 1961
| {{Age in years and days|1961|2|9|1961|8|2}}
| [[Mouvement National Congolais]]<br />''{{small|([[Albert Kalonji|Kalonji]] faction)}}''
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Mouvement National Congolais}};" | {{color|white|5}}
| [[File:Cyrille Adoula 1963.jpg|90px]]
| [[Cyrille Adoula]]<br />{{small|(1921–1978)}}
| —
| 2 August 1961
| 30 June 1964
| {{Age in years and days|1961|8|2|1964|6|30}}
| [[Mouvement National Congolais]]
|-
! style="background:#FFC000;" | {{color|black|6}}
| [[File:26.2.63. Moïse Tshombe arrive à Toulouse (1963) - 53Fi5440 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
| [[Moïse Tshombe]]<br />{{small|(1919–1969)}}
| [[1965 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election|1965]]
| 10 July 1964
| 13 October 1965
| {{Age in years and days|1964|7|10|1965|10|13}}
| [[Convention Nationale Congolaise|CONACO]]
|-
! style="background:#FF8C00;" | {{color|white|7}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Évariste Kimba]]<br />{{small|(1926–1966)}}
| —
| 13 October 1965
| 25 November 1965
| {{Age in years and days|1965|10|13|1965|11|25}}
| [[CONAKAT]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}};" | {{color|black|8}}
| [[File:Léonard Mulamba.jpg|90px]]
| [[Léonard Mulamba]]<br />{{small|(1928–1986)}}{{efn|Chief of Staff since October 1964, until named Prime Minister after coup of 25 November 1965. Removed from premiership 26 October 1966, following pressure from army high command. Mobutu became head of government as well as head of state. Born [[Kasaï region|Kasaï]] 1930, Joined Force publique 1949, Sergeant Major by 1960, quickly became an officer. 1962 assigned to command the 3rd ''Groupement'' at [[Kisangani]]. 'Gained international fame for.. defence of Bukavu and for conducting one of the most decisive battles of the 1964 north-east revolution. When Kisangani was recaptured from rebel forces in 1964 he was named military governor of the entire northeastern region.' 'General Mulamba has always enjoyed great popularity with the troops. He is known for his straightforward approach to problems. He has a sizeable farm outside Kinshasa to which, he has said, he would like to retire some day.' (Sydney Taylor, The New Africans, 1967, p.102)}}
| —
| 25 November 1965
| 26 October 1966
| {{Age in years and days|1965|11|25|1966|10|26}}
| [[Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Military]]
! rowspan="1" style="background:{{party color|Military rule}};"|
! rowspan="1" style="font-weight:normal" |[[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]]<br>[[File:Mobutu.jpg|90px]]<br>{{small|(1965–1997)}}
|-
| colspan="10" | Post abolished (26 October 1966 – 27 October 1971)
|-
! colspan="10" |

===Republic of Zaire (1971–1997)===
|-
| colspan="10" | Post abolished (27 October 1971 – 6 July 1977)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|9}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Mpinga Kasenda]]<br />{{small|(1937–1994)}}
| [[1977 Zairean parliamentary election|1977]]
| 6 July 1977<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/07/archives/mobutu-appoints-a-prime-minister.html|title=Mobutu Appoints a Prime Minister |date=7 July 1977 |access-date=15 April 2022 |agency=Reuters |newspaper=New York Times}}</ref>
| 6 March 1979
| {{Age in years and days|1977|7|6|1979|3|6}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
! rowspan="19" style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};"|
! rowspan="19" style="font-weight:normal" |[[Mobutu Sese Seko]]<br />[[File:Mobutu.jpg|90px]]<br />{{small|(1965–1997)}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|10}}
| [[File:André Boboliko.jpg|90px]]
| [[André Bo-Boliko Lokonga|Bo-Boliko Lokonga]]<br />{{small|(1934–2018)}}
| —
| 6 March 1979
| 27 August 1980
| {{Age in years and days|1979|3|6|1980|8|27}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|11}}
| [[File:Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond (cropped).jpg|90px]]
| [[Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond]]<br />{{small|(1938–2003)}}
| —
| 27 August 1980
| 18 April 1981{{efn|Fled into exile while on a private visit to [[Belgium]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/18/world/around-the-world-zaire-s-premier-resigns-party-calls-him-cowardly.html|title=Around the World; Zaire's Premier Resigns; Party Calls Him 'Cowardly' |date=18 April 1981 |access-date=25 October 2022 |agency=UPI |newspaper=New York Times}}</ref>}}
| {{Age in years and days|1980|8|27|1981|4|18}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|12}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[N'Singa Udjuu]]<br />{{small|(1934–2021)}}
| [[1982 Zairean parliamentary election|1982]]
| 23 April 1981<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/24/world/around-the-world-ex-official-is-appointed-prime-minister-of-zaire.html|title=AROUND THE WORLD; Ex-Official Is Appointed Prime Minister of Zaire |date=24 April 1981 |access-date=15 April 2022 |agency=Reuters |newspaper=New York Times}}</ref>
| 5 November 1982
| {{Age in years and days|1981|4|23|1982|11|5}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|13}}
| [[File:Léon Kengo Senate of Poland 01.JPG|90px]]
| [[Léon Kengo wa Dondo]]<br />{{small|(born 1935)}}
| —
| 5 November 1982
| 31 October 1986
| {{Age in years and days|1982|11|5|1986|10|31}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
|-
| colspan="8" | Post vacant (31 October 1986 – 22 January 1987)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|14}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Mabi Mulumba]]<br />{{small|(born 1941)}}
| [[1987 Zairean parliamentary election|1987]]
| 22 January 1987
| 7 March 1988
| {{Age in years and days|1987|1|22|1988|3|7}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|15}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Jules Fontaine Sambwa|Sambwa Pida Nbagui]]<br />{{small|(1940–1998)}}
| —
| 7 March 1988
| 26 November 1988
| {{Age in years and days|1988|3|7|1988|11|26}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|{{small|(13)}}}}
| [[File:Léon Kengo Senate of Poland 01.JPG|90px]]
| [[Léon Kengo wa Dondo]]<br />{{small|(born 1935)}}
| —
| 26 November 1988
| 4 May 1990
| {{Age in years and days|1988|11|26|1990|5|4}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|16}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Lunda Bululu]]<br />{{small|(born 1942)}}
| —
| 4 May 1990
| 1 April 1991
| {{Age in years and days|1990|5|4|1991|4|1}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Popular Movement of the Revolution}};" | {{color|white|17}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Mulumba Lukoji]]<br />{{small|(1943–1997)}}
| —
| 1 April 1991
| 29 September 1991{{efn|Resigned after the [[1991 Zaire unrest#September unrest and French-Belgian interventions|military riots]] in [[Kinshasa]], during the [[1991 Zaire unrest]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/24/world/thousands-of-troops-on-rampage-of-looting-and-violence-in-zaire.html|title=Thousands of Troops on Rampage Of Looting and Violence in Zaire |date=24 September 1991 |access-date=1 October 2021 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-27-mn-2823-story.html|title=Riots, Anarchy in Zaire Bring Devastation |date=27 September 1991 |access-date=15 April 2022 |author=[[Rone Tempest]] and [[Scott Kraft]] |newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>}}
| {{Age in years and days|1991|4|1|1991|9|29}}
| [[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)}};" | {{color|white|18}}
| [[File:Etienne Tshisekedi (5811619100) (cropped).jpg|90px]]
| [[Étienne Tshisekedi]]<br />{{small|(1932–2017)}}
| —
| 29 September 1991<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/30/world/zaire-s-dictator-agrees-to-share-power-with-foe.html|title=Zaire's Dictator Agrees to Share Power With Foe |date=30 September 1991 |access-date=25 October 2022 |author=Kenneth B. Noble |newspaper=New York Times}}</ref>
| 1 November 1991
| {{Age in years and days|1991|9|29|1991|11|1}}
| [[Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Union for Democracy and Social Progress]]
|-
! style="background:#156CC4;" | {{color|white|19}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Bernardin Mungul Diaka]]<br />{{small|(1933–1999)}}
| —
| 1 November 1991
| 25 November 1991
| {{Age in years and days|1991|11|1|1991|11|25}}
| [[Democratic Assembly for the Republic]]
|-
! style="background:#556627;" | {{color|white|{{small|(11)}}}}
| [[File:Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond (cropped).jpg|90px]]
| [[Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond]]<br />{{small|(1938–2003)}}
| —
| 25 November 1991
| 15 August 1992
| {{Age in years and days|1991|11|25|1992|8|15}}
| [[Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)}};" | {{color|white|{{small|(18)}}}}
| [[File:Etienne Tshisekedi (5811619100) (cropped).jpg|90px]]
| [[Étienne Tshisekedi]]<br />{{small|(1932–2017)}}
| —
| 15 August 1992
| 18 March 1993
| {{Age in years and days|1992|8|15|1993|3|18}}
| [[Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Union for Democracy and Social Progress]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)}};" | {{color|white|20}}
| [[File:F. Birindwa.jpg|90px]]
| [[Faustin Birindwa]]<br />{{small|(1943–1999)}}
| —
| 18 March 1993
| 14 January 1994
| {{Age in years and days|1993|3|18|1994|1|14}}
| [[Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Union for Democracy and Social Progress]]
|-
! style="background:#008000;" | {{color|white|{{small|(13)}}}}
| [[File:Léon Kengo Senate of Poland 01.JPG|90px]]
| [[Léon Kengo wa Dondo]]<br />{{small|(born 1935)}}
| —
| 6 July 1994
| 2 April 1997
| {{Age in years and days|1994|7|6|1997|4|2}}
| [[Union of Independent Democrats]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)}};" | {{color|white|{{small|(18)}}}}
| [[File:Etienne Tshisekedi (5811619100) (cropped).jpg|90px]]
| [[Étienne Tshisekedi]]<br />{{small|(1932–2017)}}
| —
| 2 April 1997
| 9 April 1997
| {{Age in years and days|1997|4|9|1997|4|16}}
| [[Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Union for Democracy and Social Progress]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}};" | {{color|black|21}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Likulia Bolongo]]<br />{{small|(born 1939)}}
| —
| 9 April 1997<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/10/world/mobutu-imposes-military-rule-in-zaire.html|title=Mobutu Imposes Military Rule in Zaire |date=10 April 1997 |access-date=15 April 2022 |author=[[Howard W. French]] |newspaper=New York Times}}</ref>
| 16 May 1997{{efn|Deposed in the [[First Congo War]].}}
| {{Age in years and days|1997|4|9|1997|5|16}}
| [[Zairean Armed Forces|Military]]
|-
! colspan="10" |

===Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–present)===
|-
| colspan="10" | Post abolished (16 May 1997 – 30 December 2006)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Unified Lumumbist Party}};" | {{color|white|22}}
| [[File:Antoine Gizenga.jpg|90px]]
| [[Antoine Gizenga]]<br />{{small|(1925–2019)}}
| [[2006 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election|2006]]
| 30 December 2006
| 10 October 2008
| {{Age in years and days|2006|12|30|2008|10|10}}
| [[Unified Lumumbist Party]]
! rowspan="6" style="background:{{party color|People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy}};"|
! rowspan="6" style="font-weight:normal" |[[Joseph Kabila]]<br />[[File:Joseph Kabila April 2016.jpg|90px]]<br />{{small|(2001–2019)}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Unified Lumumbist Party}};" | {{color|white|23}}
| [[File:Adolphe Muzito - 2009.jpg|90px]]
| [[Adolphe Muzito]]<br />{{small|(born 1957)}}
| [[2011 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election|2011]]
| 10 October 2008
| 6 March 2012
| {{Age in years and days|2008|10|10|2012|3|6}}
| [[Unified Lumumbist Party]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Unified Lumumbist Party}};" | {{color|white|—}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Louis Alphonse Koyagialo]]<br />{{small|(1947–2014)<br />''Acting''}}
| —
| 6 March 2012
| 18 April 2012
| {{Age in years and days|2012|3|6|2012|4|18}}
| [[Unified Lumumbist Party]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy}};" | {{color|black|24}}
| [[File:Matata Ponyo Mapon.jpg|90px]]
| [[Matata Ponyo Mapon]]<br />{{small|(born 1964)}}
| —
| 18 April 2012
| 17 November 2016
| {{Age in years and days|2012|4|18|2016|11|17}}
| [[People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)}};" | {{color|white|25}}
| [[File:Samy Badibanga 2016 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
| [[Samy Badibanga]]<br />{{small|(born 1962)}}
| —
| 17 November 2016
| 18 May 2017
| {{Age in years and days|2016|11|17|2017|5|18}}
| [[Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Union for Democracy and Social Progress]]
|-
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)}};" | {{color|white|26}}
| rowspan=2|[[File:Bruno Tshibala.jpg|90px]]
| rowspan=2|[[Bruno Tshibala]]<br />{{small|(born 1956)}}
| —
| rowspan=2|18 May 2017
| rowspan=2|7 September 2019
| rowspan=2|{{Age in years and days|2017|5|18|2019|9|7}}
| rowspan=2|[[Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Union for Democracy and Social Progress]]
|-
| [[2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election|2018]]
! rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)}};" |
! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:normal" |[[Félix Tshisekedi]]<br />[[File:Félix Tshisekedi - 2019 (cropped).jpg|90px]]<br />{{small|(2019–''present'')}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy}}" | {{color|black|27}}
| [[File:No image.svg|90px]]
| [[Sylvestre Ilunga]]<br />{{small|(born 1947)}}
| —
| 7 September 2019
| 27 April 2021
| {{Age in years and days|2019|9|7|2021|4|27}}
| [[People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy]]
|-
! style="background:#A884C7;" | {{color|white|28}}
| [[File:Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde, premier ministre de la RDC (cropped).png|90px]]
| [[Sama Lukonde]]<br />{{small|(born 1977)}}
| —
| 27 April 2021
| Incumbent
| {{Age in years and days|2021|4|27}}
| [[Future of Congo]]
|}

(Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" width="90px" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Election
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" | Political party
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[List of presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|President(s)]]<br />{{small|(Term)}}
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!
!26
|[[Vital Kamerhe]]
|
|1955–
| 7 April 2019
|20 May 2019
|[[Independent]]
|-
|}
|}


Revision as of 11:02, 10 February 2024

Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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flag Democratic Republic of the Congo portal

This is a list of European colonial administrators responsible for the territory of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo).

International Association of the Congo

Prior to the creation of the Congo Free State, the International Association of the Congo (IAC) had signed treaties with over 300 native Congolese chiefs and in effect exercised sovereignty over a large area of the Congo Basin. The IAC was headquartered in Belgium and run by a committee under the presidency of Maximilien Strauch. Prior to the creation of the office of Administrator-General, authority on the ground in the Congo had been exercised by a Chief of Expedition, who until April 1884 was Henry Morton Stanley.[1]

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Position Term of office Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
Francis de Winton
(1835–1901) 		Administrator-General 22 April 1884 1 July 1885 1 year, 70 days

Congo Free State

Administrators-General / Governors-General

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Position Term of office Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
Francis de Winton
(1835–1901) 		Administrator-General 1 July 1885 April 1886 9 months
Camille Janssen
(1837–1926) 		April 1886 17 April 1887 6 years, 3 months
Governor-General 17 April 1887 1 July 1892 [2]
Théophile Wahis
(1844–1921) 		1 July 1892 15 November 1908 16 years, 137 days

Vice Governors-General

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Position Term of office Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
Camille Janssen
(1837–1926) 		Vice Administrator-General 25 September 1885 April 1886 6 months
Herman Ledeganck
(1841–1908) 		Vice Governor-General 31 January 1888 January 1889 11 months [3]
Henri Gondry
(1845–1889) 		Acting Vice Governor-General January 1889 18 May 1889 4 months [4]
Camille Coquilhat
(1853–1891) 		Vice Governor-General 1890 24 March 1891 0–1 years [5]
Théophile Wahis
(1844–1921) 		15 April 1891 1 July 1892 1 year, 77 days [6]
Francis Dhanis
(1861–1909) 		4 September 1896 1897 0–1 years
Émile Wangermée
(1855–1924) 		11 April 1897 1 December 1897 234 days
Alphonse van Gèle
(1848–1939) 		1 December 1897 10 January 1899 1 year, 40 days
Paul Costermans
(1860–1905) 		January 1904 March 1905 1 year, 2 months
Félix Fuchs
(1858–1928) 		Governor-General ad interim 25 December 1902 4 March 1904 1 year, 70 days
Vice Governor-General 1907 1908 0–1 years
Albert Lantonnois van Rode
(1852–1934) 		May 1905 1906/7 1–2 years

Belgian Congo

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Position Term of office Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
Théophile Wahis
(1844–1921) 		Governor-General 15 November 1908 20 May 1912 3 years, 187 days
Félix Fuchs
(1858–1928) 		20 May 1912 5 January 1916 3 years, 230 days
Eugène Henry
(1862–1930) 		5 January 1916 30 January 1921 5 years, 25 days
Maurice Lippens
(1875–1956) 		30 January 1921 24 January 1923 1 year, 359 days
Martin Rutten
(1876–1944) 		24 January 1923 27 December 1927 4 years, 337 days
Auguste Tilkens
(1869–1949) 		27 December 1927 14 September 1934 6 years, 261 days
Pierre Ryckmans
(1891–1959) 		14 September 1934 31 December 1946 12 years, 108 days
Eugène Jungers
(1888–1958) 		31 December 1946 1 January 1952 5 years, 1 day
Léo Pétillon
(1903–1996) 		1 January 1952 12 July 1958 6 years, 192 days
Hendrik Cornelis
(1910–1999) 		12 July 1958 30 June 1960 1 year, 354 days

On 1 July 1960, the Belgian Congo became independent as the Republic of the Congo (République du Congo).

This article lists the heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) since the country's independence in 1960.

The current head of state is President Félix Tshisekedi, since 24 January 2019.

Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1960–present)

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1964)

№ Name Birth–Death Took office Left office Political Party
Presidents
1 Joseph Kasa-Vubu 1910–1969 1 July 1960 1 August 1961 ABAKO
2 Antoine Gizenga
(disputed)[a] 		1925–2019 1 August 1961 5 August 1961 Parti Solidaire Africain
(Gizenga faction)
3 Joseph Kasa Vubu 1910–1969 5 August 1961 1 August 1964 Independent

Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–1971)

Presidents
(3) Joseph Kasa-Vubu 1910–1969 1 August 1964 24 November 1965[b] ABAKO
4 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu 1930–1997 24 November 1965 27 October 1971 Military /
Popular Movement of the Revolution

Republic of Zaire (1971–1997)

President
(4) Mobutu Sese Seko[c] 1930–1997 27 October 1971 16 May 1997[d] Popular Movement of the Revolution

Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–present)

Presidents
5 Laurent-Désiré Kabila 1939–2001 17 May 1997 16 January 2001
(assassinated) 		Independent
6 Joseph Kabila 1971– 26 January 2001
Acting since 17 January 2001 		24 January 2019 Independent /
People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
7 Félix Tshisekedi 1963– 24 January 2019 Incumbent Union for Democracy and Social Progress

president of the Senate

The president of the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the presiding officer in the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Below is a list of office-holders:

Name Entered office Left office
Joseph Iléo June 1960 September 1960
Victor Koumorico July 1961 November 1962
Isaac Kalonji November 1962 October 1965
Sylvestre Mudingayi October 1965 24 June 1967
Senate abolished 24 June 1967 7 April 2002
Pierre Marini Bodho 7 April 2002 11 May 2007
Léon Kengo Wa Dondo 11 May 2007 5 April 2019
Léon Mamboleo 5 April 2019 27 July 2019
Alexis Thambwe Mwamba 27 July 2019 5 February 2021
Modeste Bahati Lukwebo 2 March 2021

List of officeholders

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Election Term of office Political party President(s)
(Term)
Took office Left office Time in office

Republic of the Congo (1960–1971)

1 Patrice Lumumba
(1925–1961) 		1960 24 June 1960
(appointed) 		5 September 1960
(dismissed) 		73 days Mouvement National Congolais
(Lumumba faction) 		Joseph Kasa-Vubu

(1960–1965)
2 Joseph Iléo
(1921–1994) 		— 5 September 1960 20 September 1960 15 days Mouvement National Congolais
(Kalonji faction)
3 Albert Ndele
(1930–2023) 		— 20 September 1960 3 October 1960 13 days Independent
4 Justin Bomboko
(1928–2014) 		— 3 October 1960 9 February 1961 129 days Independent
— Antoine Gizenga
(1925–2019)
(disputed)[a] 		— 13 December 1960 5 August 1961 235 days Parti Solidaire Africain
(Gizenga faction)
(2) Joseph Iléo
(1921–1994) 		— 9 February 1961 2 August 1961 174 days Mouvement National Congolais
(Kalonji faction)
5 Cyrille Adoula
(1921–1978) 		— 2 August 1961 30 June 1964 2 years, 333 days Mouvement National Congolais
6 Moïse Tshombe
(1919–1969) 		1965 10 July 1964 13 October 1965 1 year, 95 days CONACO
7 Évariste Kimba
(1926–1966) 		— 13 October 1965 25 November 1965 43 days CONAKAT
8 Léonard Mulamba
(1928–1986)[e] 		— 25 November 1965 26 October 1966 335 days Military Joseph-Désiré Mobutu

(1965–1997)
Post abolished (26 October 1966 – 27 October 1971)

Republic of Zaire (1971–1997)

Post abolished (27 October 1971 – 6 July 1977)
9 Mpinga Kasenda
(1937–1994) 		1977 6 July 1977[8] 6 March 1979 1 year, 243 days Popular Movement of the Revolution Mobutu Sese Seko

(1965–1997)
10 Bo-Boliko Lokonga
(1934–2018) 		— 6 March 1979 27 August 1980 1 year, 174 days Popular Movement of the Revolution
11 Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
(1938–2003) 		— 27 August 1980 18 April 1981[f] 234 days Popular Movement of the Revolution
12 N'Singa Udjuu
(1934–2021) 		1982 23 April 1981[10] 5 November 1982 1 year, 196 days Popular Movement of the Revolution
13 Léon Kengo wa Dondo
(born 1935) 		— 5 November 1982 31 October 1986 3 years, 360 days Popular Movement of the Revolution
Post vacant (31 October 1986 – 22 January 1987)
14 Mabi Mulumba
(born 1941) 		1987 22 January 1987 7 March 1988 1 year, 45 days Popular Movement of the Revolution
15 Sambwa Pida Nbagui
(1940–1998) 		— 7 March 1988 26 November 1988 264 days Popular Movement of the Revolution
(13) Léon Kengo wa Dondo
(born 1935) 		— 26 November 1988 4 May 1990 1 year, 159 days Popular Movement of the Revolution
16 Lunda Bululu
(born 1942) 		— 4 May 1990 1 April 1991 332 days Popular Movement of the Revolution
17 Mulumba Lukoji
(1943–1997) 		— 1 April 1991 29 September 1991[g] 181 days Popular Movement of the Revolution
18 Étienne Tshisekedi
(1932–2017) 		— 29 September 1991[13] 1 November 1991 33 days Union for Democracy and Social Progress
19 Bernardin Mungul Diaka
(1933–1999) 		— 1 November 1991 25 November 1991 24 days Democratic Assembly for the Republic
(11) Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
(1938–2003) 		— 25 November 1991 15 August 1992 264 days Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans
(18) Étienne Tshisekedi
(1932–2017) 		— 15 August 1992 18 March 1993 215 days Union for Democracy and Social Progress
20 Faustin Birindwa
(1943–1999) 		— 18 March 1993 14 January 1994 302 days Union for Democracy and Social Progress
(13) Léon Kengo wa Dondo
(born 1935) 		— 6 July 1994 2 April 1997 2 years, 270 days Union of Independent Democrats
(18) Étienne Tshisekedi
(1932–2017) 		— 2 April 1997 9 April 1997 7 days Union for Democracy and Social Progress
21 Likulia Bolongo
(born 1939) 		— 9 April 1997[14] 16 May 1997[h] 37 days Military

Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–present)

Post abolished (16 May 1997 – 30 December 2006)
22 Antoine Gizenga
(1925–2019) 		2006 30 December 2006 10 October 2008 1 year, 285 days Unified Lumumbist Party Joseph Kabila

(2001–2019)
23 Adolphe Muzito
(born 1957) 		2011 10 October 2008 6 March 2012 3 years, 148 days Unified Lumumbist Party
— Louis Alphonse Koyagialo
(1947–2014)
Acting 		— 6 March 2012 18 April 2012 43 days Unified Lumumbist Party
24 Matata Ponyo Mapon
(born 1964) 		— 18 April 2012 17 November 2016 4 years, 213 days People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
25 Samy Badibanga
(born 1962) 		— 17 November 2016 18 May 2017 182 days Union for Democracy and Social Progress
26 Bruno Tshibala
(born 1956) 		— 18 May 2017 7 September 2019 2 years, 112 days Union for Democracy and Social Progress
2018 Félix Tshisekedi

(2019–present)
27 Sylvestre Ilunga
(born 1947) 		— 7 September 2019 27 April 2021 1 year, 232 days People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
28 Sama Lukonde
(born 1977) 		— 27 April 2021 Incumbent 3 years, 20 days Future of Congo

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Election Term of office Political party President(s)
(Term)
Took office Left office Time in office
26 Vital Kamerhe 1955– 7 April 2019 20 May 2019 Independent

Notes

  1. ^ a b Rebel government at Stanleyville, during the Congo Crisis. Cite error: The named reference "Congo Crisis" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ Deposed in the 1965 coup d'état.
  3. ^ Previously named Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; changed name on 10 January 1972 due to the policy of Zairianisation.
  4. ^ Deposed in the First Congo War.
  5. ^ Chief of Staff since October 1964, until named Prime Minister after coup of 25 November 1965. Removed from premiership 26 October 1966, following pressure from army high command. Mobutu became head of government as well as head of state. Born Kasaï 1930, Joined Force publique 1949, Sergeant Major by 1960, quickly became an officer. 1962 assigned to command the 3rd Groupement at Kisangani. 'Gained international fame for.. defence of Bukavu and for conducting one of the most decisive battles of the 1964 north-east revolution. When Kisangani was recaptured from rebel forces in 1964 he was named military governor of the entire northeastern region.' 'General Mulamba has always enjoyed great popularity with the troops. He is known for his straightforward approach to problems. He has a sizeable farm outside Kinshasa to which, he has said, he would like to retire some day.' (Sydney Taylor, The New Africans, 1967, p.102)
  6. ^ Fled into exile while on a private visit to Belgium.[9]
  7. ^ Resigned after the military riots in Kinshasa, during the 1991 Zaire unrest.[11][12]
  8. ^ Deposed in the First Congo War.

See also

External links

  1. ^ Boulger 1898, pp. 258–59.
  2. ^ Janssens & Cateaux 1908, p. 20. Janssen continued as an Honorary Governor-General until his death.
  3. ^ Janssens & Cateaux 1908, p. 163. He left for the Congo on 6 February 1888 and returned to Europe on 19 May 1889.
  4. ^ Janssens & Cateaux 1908, p. 165. He left for the Congo on 6 January 1889 to replace Ledeganck.
  5. ^ Janssens & Cateaux 1908, p. 48. He embarked for the Congo on 28 March 1890 and was named Vice Governor-General shortly after his arrival.
  6. ^ Janssens & Cateaux 1908, p. 28. He was appointed Vice Governor-General on 19 November 1890, but did not arrive to take over his post until 15 April 1891.
  7. ^ James, Alan (1996). Britain and the Congo Crisis, 1960–63 (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. xix. ISBN 9781349245284.
  8. ^ "Mobutu Appoints a Prime Minister". New York Times. Reuters. 7 July 1977. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  9. ^ "Around the World; Zaire's Premier Resigns; Party Calls Him 'Cowardly'". New York Times. UPI. 18 April 1981. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  10. ^ "AROUND THE WORLD; Ex-Official Is Appointed Prime Minister of Zaire". New York Times. Reuters. 24 April 1981. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  11. ^ "Thousands of Troops on Rampage Of Looting and Violence in Zaire". New York Times. Associated Press. 24 September 1991. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  12. ^ Rone Tempest and Scott Kraft (27 September 1991). "Riots, Anarchy in Zaire Bring Devastation". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  13. ^ Kenneth B. Noble (30 September 1991). "Zaire's Dictator Agrees to Share Power With Foe". New York Times. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  14. ^ Howard W. French (10 April 1997). "Mobutu Imposes Military Rule in Zaire". New York Times. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
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