Hassan Enjamo: Difference between revisions
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==Militant career== |
==Militant career== |
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Hassan's state dominated modern day southern [[Ethiopia]] in the 1800s by expanding his dominion into all of [[Gurage Zone|Gurage]] and some parts of [[Oromo people|Oromo]] territory, Islamizing most of the population by 1876. |
Hassan's state dominated modern day southern [[Ethiopia]] in the 1800s by expanding his dominion into all of [[Gurage Zone|Gurage]] and some parts of [[Oromo people|Oromo]] territory, Islamizing most of the population by 1876.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Østebø |first1=Terje |title=Muslim Ethiopia The Christian Legacy, Identity Politics, and Islamic Reformism |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=144 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137322098_7}}</ref> |
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For two years beginning from 1886, the attempted Abyssinian [[Shewa]] expansion led by [[Menelik II]] was pushed back by Hassan's militia.<ref>{{cite book |title=Qabeena ethnography |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/qabeena-ethnography}}</ref> Hassan had obtained the support of local [[Gurage people|Gurage]], [[Wolane people|Wolane]], [[Siltʼe people|Silt'e]], [[Arsi people|Arsi Oromo]] and other Muslims in the region.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Balisky |first1=E. |title=Wolaitta Evangelists A Study of Religious Innovation in Southern Ethiopia, 1937-1975 |publisher=Pickwick Publications |page=292 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Wolaitta_Evangelists/d-FLAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=hassan+enjamo&pg=PA292&printsec=frontcover}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tibebu |first1=Teshale |title=The Making of Modern Ethiopia 1896-1974 |publisher=Red Sea Press |page=43 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Making_of_Modern_Ethiopia/DeD4gruvuNEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=hassan+injamo&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> Several nobles from neighboring states such as the brother of [[Abba Jifar I]] the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Jimma]] backed Hassan's troops.<ref>{{cite book |title=Northeast African Studies Volume 9 |publisher=African Studies Center, Michigan State University |page=69 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Northeast_African_Studies/v3dMAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=igh-ranking+Jimma+officials,+including+Abba+Wajii+Abba+Gomol,+Abba+Jifar%27s+brother,+had+joined+Hassan+Injamo+against+Menelik%27s+army&dq=igh-ranking+Jimma+officials,+including+Abba+Wajii+Abba+Gomol,+Abba+Jifar%27s+brother,+had+joined+Hassan+Injamo+against+Menelik%27s+army&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> |
For two years beginning from 1886, the attempted Abyssinian [[Shewa]] expansion led by [[Menelik II]] was pushed back by Hassan's militia.<ref>{{cite book |title=Qabeena ethnography |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/qabeena-ethnography}}</ref> Hassan had obtained the support of local [[Gurage people|Gurage]], [[Wolane people|Wolane]], [[Siltʼe people|Silt'e]], [[Arsi people|Arsi Oromo]] and other Muslims in the region.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Balisky |first1=E. |title=Wolaitta Evangelists A Study of Religious Innovation in Southern Ethiopia, 1937-1975 |publisher=Pickwick Publications |page=292 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Wolaitta_Evangelists/d-FLAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=hassan+enjamo&pg=PA292&printsec=frontcover}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tibebu |first1=Teshale |title=The Making of Modern Ethiopia 1896-1974 |publisher=Red Sea Press |page=43 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Making_of_Modern_Ethiopia/DeD4gruvuNEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=hassan+injamo&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> Several nobles from neighboring states such as the brother of [[Abba Jifar I]] the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Jimma]] backed Hassan's troops.<ref>{{cite book |title=Northeast African Studies Volume 9 |publisher=African Studies Center, Michigan State University |page=69 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Northeast_African_Studies/v3dMAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=igh-ranking+Jimma+officials,+including+Abba+Wajii+Abba+Gomol,+Abba+Jifar%27s+brother,+had+joined+Hassan+Injamo+against+Menelik%27s+army&dq=igh-ranking+Jimma+officials,+including+Abba+Wajii+Abba+Gomol,+Abba+Jifar%27s+brother,+had+joined+Hassan+Injamo+against+Menelik%27s+army&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 02:24, 18 February 2024
| Hassan Enjamo | |
|---|---|
| imam | |
| Governor of Hadiya | |
| Reign | 1800-1889 |
| Born | Ennamor |
| Died | 1889 Saba, Qabeena |
| Religion | Islam |
| Occupation | leader of Hadiya |
Hassan Enjamo was the chief of Hadiya in the nineteenth century.[1] He was the last Garad of Qabena before the Abyssinian invasion.[2]
Militant career
Hassan's state dominated modern day southern Ethiopia in the 1800s by expanding his dominion into all of Gurage and some parts of Oromo territory, Islamizing most of the population by 1876.[3]
For two years beginning from 1886, the attempted Abyssinian Shewa expansion led by Menelik II was pushed back by Hassan's militia.[4] Hassan had obtained the support of local Gurage, Wolane, Silt'e, Arsi Oromo and other Muslims in the region.[5][6] Several nobles from neighboring states such as the brother of Abba Jifar I the ruler of the Kingdom of Jimma backed Hassan's troops.[7]
It is believed his resistance, identical to the Talha Jafar-led Muslim revolt in Wollo, was inspired by the Sudanese Mahdist State.[8]
Death
Hassan's followers were finally defeated in 1889 by the Abyssinian forces.[9] Although Hassan was able to flee to the Kingdom of Jimma following the battle, he would soon succumb to malaria in 1889 upon his return to Qabena.[10]
References
- ^ Cerulli, Enrico. Folk-literature of the Galla of Southern Abyssinia. Peabody Museum of Harvard university. p. 162.
- ^ Meyer, Ronny. "The Qabena and the Wolane: Two peoples of the Gurage regionand their respective histories according to their own oral traditions" (PDF). Annales d'Ethiopie. XVII: 178.
- ^ Østebø, Terje. Muslim Ethiopia The Christian Legacy, Identity Politics, and Islamic Reformism. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 144.
- ^ Qabeena ethnography. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
- ^ Balisky, E. Wolaitta Evangelists A Study of Religious Innovation in Southern Ethiopia, 1937-1975. Pickwick Publications. p. 292.
- ^ Tibebu, Teshale. The Making of Modern Ethiopia 1896-1974. Red Sea Press. p. 43.
- ^ Northeast African Studies Volume 9. African Studies Center, Michigan State University. p. 69.
- ^ Prunier, Gerard. L'Ethiopie contemporaine. Karthala Editions. p. 216.
- ^ Zewde, Bahru. Society, State, and History Selected Essays. Addis Ababa University Printing Press. p. 52.
- ^ Hasan Engamo. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
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