Eugen Bleuler: Difference between revisions
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Bleuler is particularly notable for naming ''[[schizophrenia]]'', a disorder which was previously known as ''[[dementia praecox]]'' [http://www.entwicklung-der-psychiatrie.de/seiten/50_bleuler_dementia_praecox_oder_gruppe_der_schizophrenien.htm]. Bleuler realized the condition was neither a [[dementia]], nor did it always occur in young people (''praecox'' meaning early) and so gave the condition the purportedly less stigmatising but still controversial name from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] roots ''schizein'' (σχίζειν, "to split") and ''phrēn'', ''phren-'' (φρήν, φρεν-, "[[mind]]"). Bleuler treated celebrated Russian [[Ballet|ballet dancer]] [[Vaslav Nijinsky]] after his breakdown in 1919. |
Bleuler is particularly notable for naming ''[[schizophrenia]]'', a disorder which was previously known as ''[[dementia praecox]]'' [http://www.entwicklung-der-psychiatrie.de/seiten/50_bleuler_dementia_praecox_oder_gruppe_der_schizophrenien.htm]. Bleuler realized the condition was neither a [[dementia]], nor did it always occur in young people (''praecox'' meaning early) and so gave the condition the purportedly less stigmatising but still controversial name from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] roots ''schizein'' (σχίζειν, "to split") and ''phrēn'', ''phren-'' (φρήν, φρεν-, "[[mind]]"). Bleuler treated celebrated Russian [[Ballet|ballet dancer]] [[Vaslav Nijinsky]] after his breakdown in 1919. |
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Bleuler coined the [[New Latin]] word ''autismus'' (English translation ''[[autism]]'') in 1910 as he was defining symptoms of schizophrenia, deriving it from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''autos'' (αὐτός, meaning ''self'').<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kuhn R |
Bleuler coined the [[New Latin]] word ''autismus'' (English translation ''[[autism]]'') in 1910 as he was defining symptoms of schizophrenia, deriving it from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''autos'' (αὐτός, meaning ''self'').<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kuhn R |title=Eugen Bleuler's concepts of psychopathology |journal=History of Psychiatry |volume=15 |issue=59 Pt 3 |pages=361–6 |year=2004 |month=September |pmid=15386868}} The quote is a translation of Bleuler's 1910 original.</ref> According to the ''Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'' by [[Charles Rycroft]], it was Bleuler who introduced the term ''[[ambivalence]]'' (in 1911). |
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Bleuler is also recognized today for having a neurological condition called [[synesthesia]], in which information from the sensory systems crosses over with the result that an individual experiences one sensation as another -- tasting colours, hearing numbers or seeing music, for example. |
Bleuler is also recognized today for having a neurological condition called [[synesthesia]], in which information from the sensory systems crosses over with the result that an individual experiences one sensation as another -- tasting colours, hearing numbers or seeing music, for example. |
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*{{cite journal |author=Tölle R |trans_title=Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) and German psychiatry |language=German |journal=Der Nervenarzt |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=90–6, 98 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18058081 |doi=10.1007/s00115-007-2379-9}} |
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*{{cite journal |author=Falzeder E |title=The story of an ambivalent relationship: Sigmund Freud and Eugen Bleuler |journal=The Journal of Analytical Psychology |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=343–68 |year=2007 |month=June |pmid=17537145 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-5922.2007.00666.x}} |
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⚫ | *{{cite journal |author=Bernet B |trans_title=Associative disorder. On the relationship between the interpretation of disorder and society in the early writings of Eugen Bleuler |language=German |journal=Medizin, Gesellschaft, Und Geschichte |volume=26 |issue= |pages=169–93 |year=2006 |pmid=17144374}} |
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Revision as of 05:53, 15 July 2009
Eugen Bleuler | |
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File:Bleuler.png | |
Born | April 30, 1857 |
Died | July 15, 1939 Zollikon, Switzerland | (aged 82)
Nationality | Swiss |
Citizenship | Swiss |
Alma mater | Univ. of Zurich |
Known for | Schizophrenia Autism |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Psychiatry |
Institutions | Rheinau-Zurich clinic Burghölzli clinic Univ. of Zurich |
Doctoral advisor | Jean-Martin Charcot Bernhard von Gudden |
Doctoral students | Manfred Bleuler |
Paul Eugen Bleuler (April 30, 1857 – July 15, 1939)[1] was a Swiss psychiatrist most notable for his contributions to the understanding of mental illness and coining the term schizophrenia.
Bleuler was born in Zollikon, a small town near Zurich in Switzerland, to Johann Rudolf Bleuler, a wealthy farmer, and Pauline Bleuler-Bleuler. He studied medicine in Zurich, and later studied in Paris, London and Munich after which he returned to Zurich to take a post as an intern at the Burghölzli, a university hospital.
In 1886 Bleuler became the director of a psychiatric clinic at Rheinau, a hospital located in an old monastery on an island in the Rhine. Rheinau was noted at the time for being backward, and Bleuler set about improving conditions for the patients resident there.
Bleuler returned to the Burghölzli in 1898 where he was appointed director.
In the 1890s Bleuler became interested in Sigmund Freud's work, favorably reviewing Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud's Studies on Hysteria. Like Freud, Bleuler believed that complex mental processes could be unconscious. He encouraged his staff at the Burghölzli to study unconscious and psychotic mental phenomena. Influenced by Bleuler, Carl Jung and Franz Riklin used word association tests to integrate Freud's theory of repression with empirical psychological findings. For a time Bleuler even consulted Freud about his own self-analysis. As the leader of a major teaching and research hospital, Bleuler's support for Freud was very important to the early growth of psychoanalysis. By 1911, however, Bleuler withdrew his support for psychoanalysis.
Bleuler is particularly notable for naming schizophrenia, a disorder which was previously known as dementia praecox [1]. Bleuler realized the condition was neither a dementia, nor did it always occur in young people (praecox meaning early) and so gave the condition the purportedly less stigmatising but still controversial name from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν, "to split") and phrēn, phren- (φρήν, φρεν-, "mind"). Bleuler treated celebrated Russian ballet dancer Vaslav Nijinsky after his breakdown in 1919.
Bleuler coined the New Latin word autismus (English translation autism) in 1910 as he was defining symptoms of schizophrenia, deriving it from the Greek word autos (αὐτός, meaning self).[2] According to the Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis by Charles Rycroft, it was Bleuler who introduced the term ambivalence (in 1911).
Bleuler is also recognized today for having a neurological condition called synesthesia, in which information from the sensory systems crosses over with the result that an individual experiences one sensation as another -- tasting colours, hearing numbers or seeing music, for example.
References
- ^ Eugen Bleuler. www.whonamedit.com. URL: http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html. Accessed on: May 2, 2007.
- ^ Kuhn R (2004). "Eugen Bleuler's concepts of psychopathology". History of Psychiatry. 15 (59 Pt 3): 361–6. PMID 15386868.
{{cite journal}}
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ignored (help) The quote is a translation of Bleuler's 1910 original.
- Tölle R (2008). Der Nervenarzt (in German). 79 (1): 90–6, 98. doi:10.1007/s00115-007-2379-9. PMID 18058081.
{{cite journal}}
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ignored (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - Falzeder E (2007). "The story of an ambivalent relationship: Sigmund Freud and Eugen Bleuler". The Journal of Analytical Psychology. 52 (3): 343–68. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5922.2007.00666.x. PMID 17537145.
{{cite journal}}
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ignored (help) - Bernet B (2006). Medizin, Gesellschaft, Und Geschichte (in German). 26: 169–93. PMID 17144374.
{{cite journal}}
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ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - Möller, A; Hell, D (2003), "The social understanding of Eugen Bleuler - his viewpoint outside of the psychiatric clinic", Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie, 71 (12) (published 2003 Dec): 661–6, doi:10.1055/s-2003-45344, PMID 14661160
{{citation}}
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(help); More than one of|periodical=
and|journal=
specified (help) - Möller, A; Scharfetter, C; Hell, D (2002), "Development and termination of the working relationship of C. G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler 1900-1909", History of psychiatry, vol. 13, no. 52 Pt 4 (published 2002 Dec), pp. 445–53, doi:10.1177/0957154X0201305206, PMID 12645573
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(help) - Möller, Arnulf; Hell, Daniel (2002), "Eugen Bleuler and forensic psychiatry", International journal of law and psychiatry, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 351–60, doi:10.1016/S0160-2527(02)00127-9, PMID 12613049
- Möller, A; Scharfetter, C; Hell, D (2003), "The "Psychopathologic laboratory" at Burghölzli. Development and termination of the working relationship of C.G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler", Der Nervenarzt, 74 (1) (published 2003 Jan): 85–90, doi:10.1007/s00115-002-1282-7, PMID 12596032
{{citation}}
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(help); More than one of|periodical=
and|journal=
specified (help) - Möller, A; Hell, D (2000), "Fundamentals of scientifically based ethics in the works of Eugen Bleuler", Der Nervenarzt, vol. 71, no. 9 (published 2000 Sep), pp. 751–7, PMID 11042871
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(help) - Möller, A; Hell, D (1999), "Scientific psychology in the works of Eugen Bleuler", Psychiatrische Praxis, vol. 26, no. 4 (published 1999 Jul), pp. 157–62, PMID 10457965
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(help) - Scharfetter, C (1999), "Orthodoxy against heretics. Correspondence of Gaupp and Kretschmer to Eugen Bleuler", Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, vol. 67, no. 4 (published 1999 Apr), pp. 143–6, PMID 10327309
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(help) - Möller, A; Hell, D (1997), "The development of criminal psychology in the work of Eugen Bleuler", Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, vol. 65, no. 11 (published 1997 Nov), pp. 504–8, PMID 9480292
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(help) - Kruse, G (1996), "Autistic-undisciplined thinking in medicine and overcoming it by Eugen Bleuler", Psychiatrische Praxis, vol. 23, no. 5 (published 1996 Sep), pp. 255–6, PMID 8992526
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(help) - Wilhelm, H R (1996), "Eugen Bleuler and Carl Gustav Jung's habilitation", Sudhoffs Archiv, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 99–108, PMID 8928214
- De Ridder, H; Corveleyn, J (1992), "[Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) and psychoanalysis]", Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie / im Auftrag der Görres-Gesellschaft, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 246–62, PMID 1519383
- Bleuler, M; Bleuler, R (1986), "Dementia praecox oder die Gruppe der Schizophrenien: Eugen Bleuler", The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, vol. 149 (published 1986 Nov), pp. 661–2, doi:10.1192/bjp.149.5.661, PMID 3545358
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(help) - Bleuler, M (1984), "Eugen Bleuler and schizophrenia", The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, vol. 144 (published 1984 Mar), pp. 327–8, PMID 6367878
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(help) - Menuck, M (1979), "What did Eugen Bleuler really say?", Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, vol. 24, no. 2 (published 1979 Mar), pp. 161–6, PMID 371780
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(help) - Gärtner, J K (1965), "Significance of Eugen Bleuler in the development of general medical practice", Der Landarzt, vol. 41, no. 5 (published 1965 Feb 20), pp. 187–91, PMID 5320265
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(help) - Klaesi, J (1957), "On the hundredth birthday of Eugen Bleuler", Psychiatria et neurologia, vol. 134, no. 6 (published 1957 Dec), pp. 353–61, PMID 13505951
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(help) - Krapf, E E (1957), "Response to fellowship lecture on Eugen Bleuler", The American journal of psychiatry, vol. 114, no. 4 (published 1957 Oct), pp. 299–302, PMID 13458491
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(help) - Zilboorg, G (1957), "Eugen Bleuler and present-day psychiatry", The American journal of psychiatry, vol. 114, no. 4 (published 1957 Oct), pp. 289–98, PMID 13458490
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(help) - Binswanger, L (1957), "Recollections regarding Eugen Bleuler", Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, vol. 87, no. 35–36 (published 1957 Aug 31), pp. 1112–3, PMID 13467185
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(help) - George Makari, Revolution in Mind:The Creation of Psychoanalysis, (Harper Collins, 2008)
External links
- Eugen Bleuler - Encyclopædia Britannica.
- Response to fellowship lecture on Eugen Bleuler - Comments by E.E. Krapf in the American Journal of Psychiatry (PMID 13458491).
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