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{{redirect|Bleuler|other people with the surname "Bleuler"|Bleuler (surname)}}
{{redirect|Bleuler|other people with the surname "Bleuler"|Bleuler (surname)}}{{Morefootnotes|article|date=July 2009}}
'''Paul Eugen Bleuler''' (April 30, 1857 – July 15, 1939)<ref>Eugen Bleuler. www.whonamedit.com. URL: [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html]. Accessed on: May 2, 2007.</ref> was a [[Swiss]] [[psychiatry|psychiatrist]] most notable for his contributions to the understanding of mental illness and coining the term [[schizophrenia]].
'''Paul Eugen Bleuler''' (April 30, 1857 – July 15, 1939)<ref>Eugen Bleuler. www.whonamedit.com. URL: [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html]. Accessed on: May 2, 2007.</ref> was a [[Swiss]] [[psychiatry|psychiatrist]] most notable for his contributions to the understanding of mental illness and coining the term [[schizophrenia]].


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In the 1890s Bleuler became interested in [[Sigmund Freud]]'s work, favorably reviewing [[Josef Breuer]] and Sigmund Freud's Studies on Hysteria. Like Freud, Bleuler believed that complex mental processes could be unconscious. He encouraged his staff at the [[Burghölzli]] to study unconscious and psychotic mental phenomena. Influenced by Bleuler, [[Carl Jung]] and [[Franz Riklin]] used word association tests to integrate Freud's theory of repression with empirical psychological findings. For a time Bleuler even consulted Freud about his own self-analysis. As the leader of a major teaching and research hospital, Bleuler's support for Freud was very important to the early growth of [[psychoanalysis]]. By 1911, however, Bleuler withdrew his support for psychoanalysis.
In the 1890s Bleuler became interested in [[Sigmund Freud]]'s work, favorably reviewing [[Josef Breuer]] and Sigmund Freud's Studies on Hysteria. Like Freud, Bleuler believed that complex mental processes could be unconscious. He encouraged his staff at the [[Burghölzli]] to study unconscious and psychotic mental phenomena. Influenced by Bleuler, [[Carl Jung]] and [[Franz Riklin]] used word association tests to integrate Freud's theory of repression with empirical psychological findings. For a time Bleuler even consulted Freud about his own self-analysis. As the leader of a major teaching and research hospital, Bleuler's support for Freud was very important to the early growth of [[psychoanalysis]]. By 1911, however, Bleuler withdrew his support for psychoanalysis.


Bleuler is particularly notable for naming ''[[schizophrenia]]'', a disorder which was previously known as ''[[dementia praecox]]'' [http://www.entwicklung-der-psychiatrie.de/seiten/50_bleuler_dementia_praecox_oder_gruppe_der_schizophrenien.htm]. Bleuler realized the condition was neither a [[dementia]], nor did it always occur in young people (''praecox'' meaning early) and so gave the condition the purportedly less stigmatising but still controversial name from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] roots ''schizein'' (σχίζειν, "to split") and ''phrēn'', ''phren-'' (φρήν, φρεν-, "[[mind]]"). Bleuler treated celebrated Russian [[Ballet|ballet dancer]] [[Vaslav Nijinsky]] after his breakdown in 1919.
Bleuler is particularly notable for naming ''[[schizophrenia]]'', a disorder which was previously known as ''[[dementia praecox]]''.<ref>http://www.entwicklung-der-psychiatrie.de/seiten/50_bleuler_dementia_praecox_oder_gruppe_der_schizophrenien.htm</ref> Bleuler realized the condition was neither a [[dementia]], nor did it always occur in young people (''praecox'' meaning early) and so gave the condition the purportedly less stigmatising but still controversial name from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] roots ''schizein'' (σχίζειν, "to split") and ''phrēn'', ''phren-'' (φρήν, φρεν-, "[[mind]]"). Bleuler treated celebrated Russian [[Ballet|ballet dancer]] [[Vaslav Nijinsky]] after his breakdown in 1919.


Bleuler coined the [[New Latin]] word ''autismus'' (English translation ''[[autism]]'') in 1910 as he was defining symptoms of schizophrenia, deriving it from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''autos'' (αὐτός, meaning ''self'').<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kuhn R |title=Eugen Bleuler's concepts of psychopathology |journal=History of Psychiatry |volume=15 |issue=59 Pt 3 |pages=361–6 |year=2004 |month=September |pmid=15386868}} The quote is a translation of Bleuler's 1910 original.</ref> According to the ''Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'' by [[Charles Rycroft]], it was Bleuler who introduced the term ''[[ambivalence]]'' (in 1911).
Bleuler coined the [[New Latin]] word ''autismus'' (English translation ''[[autism]]'') in 1910 as he was defining symptoms of schizophrenia, deriving it from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''autos'' (αὐτός, meaning ''self'').<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kuhn R |title=Eugen Bleuler's concepts of psychopathology |journal=History of Psychiatry |volume=15 |issue=59 Pt 3 |pages=361–6 |year=2004 |month=September |pmid=15386868}} The quote is a translation of Bleuler's 1910 original.</ref> According to the ''Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'' by [[Charles Rycroft]], it was Bleuler who introduced the term ''[[ambivalence]]'' (in 1911).
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==References==
==References==
{{cleanup-link rot}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |author=Tölle R |title=Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) und die deutsche Psychiatrie |trans_title=Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) and German psychiatry |language=German |journal=Der Nervenarzt |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=90–6, 98 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18058081 |doi=10.1007/s00115-007-2379-9}}
*{{cite journal |author=Tölle R |title=Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) und die deutsche Psychiatrie |trans_title=Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) and German psychiatry |language=German |journal=Der Nervenarzt |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=90–6, 98 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18058081 |doi=10.1007/s00115-007-2379-9}}
*{{cite journal |author=Falzeder E |title=The story of an ambivalent relationship: Sigmund Freud and Eugen Bleuler |journal=The Journal of Analytical Psychology |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=343–68 |year=2007 |month=June |pmid=17537145 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-5922.2007.00666.x}}
*{{cite journal |author=Falzeder E |title=The story of an ambivalent relationship: Sigmund Freud and Eugen Bleuler |journal=The Journal of Analytical Psychology |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=343–68 |year=2007 |month=June |pmid=17537145 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-5922.2007.00666.x}}
*{{cite journal |author=Bernet B |trans_title=Associative disorder. On the relationship between the interpretation of disorder and society in the early writings of Eugen Bleuler |language=German |journal=Medizin, Gesellschaft, Und Geschichte |volume=26 |issue= |pages=169–93 |year=2006 |pmid=17144374}}
*{{cite journal |author=Bernet B |trans_title=Associative disorder. On the relationship between the interpretation of disorder and society in the early writings of Eugen Bleuler |language=German |journal=Medizin, Gesellschaft, Und Geschichte |volume=26 |issue= |pages=169–93 |year=2006 |pmid=17144374}}
*{{cite journal |author=Möller A, Hell D |trans_title=The social understanding of Eugen Bleuler - his viewpoint outside of the psychiatric clinic |language=German |journal=Fortschritte Der Neurologie-Psychiatrie |volume=71 |issue=12 |pages=661–6 |year=2003 |month=December |pmid=14661160 |doi=10.1055/s-2003-45344}}
*{{Citation
*{{cite journal |author=Möller A, Scharfetter C, Hell D |title=Development and termination of the working relationship of C. G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler 1900-1909 |journal=History of Psychiatry |volume=13 |issue=52 Pt 4 |pages=445–53 |year=2002 |month=December |pmid=12645573}}
|pmid = 14661160
*{{cite journal |author=Möller A, Hell D |title=Eugen Bleuler and forensic psychiatry |journal=International Journal of Law and Psychiatry |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=351–60 |year=2002 |pmid=12613049 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160-2527(02)00127-9}}
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14661160
*{{cite journal |author=Möller A, Scharfetter C, Hell D |trans_title=The "Psychopathologic laboratory" at Burghölzli. Development and termination of the working relationship of C.G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler |language=German |journal=Der Nervenarzt |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=85–90 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12596032 |doi=10.1007/s00115-002-1282-7}}
|last=Möller
*{{cite journal |author=Möller A, Hell D |trans_title=Fundamentals of scientifically based ethics in the works of Eugen Bleuler |language=German |journal=Der Nervenarzt |volume=71 |issue=9 |pages=751–7 |year=2000 |month=September |pmid=11042871 |url=http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00115/bibs/0071009/00710751.htm}}
|first=A
*{{cite journal |author=Möller A, Hell D |trans_title=Scientific psychology in the works of Eugen Bleuler |language=German |journal=Psychiatrische Praxis |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=157–62 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10457965}}
|last2=Hell
|first2=D
|publication-date=2003 Dec
|year=2003
|title=The social understanding of Eugen Bleuler - his viewpoint outside of the psychiatric clinic
|volume=71
|issue=12
|periodical=Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie
|pages=661–6
|doi = 10.1055/s-2003-45344
|journal=Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 12645573
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12645573
|last=Möller
|first=A
|last2=Scharfetter
|first2=C
|last3=Hell
|first3=D
|publication-date=2002 Dec
|year=2002
|title=Development and termination of the working relationship of C. G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler 1900-1909
|volume=13
|issue=52 Pt 4
|periodical=History of psychiatry
|pages=445–53
|doi = 10.1177/0957154X0201305206
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 12613049
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12613049
|last=Möller
|first=Arnulf
|last2=Hell
|first2=Daniel
|publication-date=
|year=2002
|title=Eugen Bleuler and forensic psychiatry
|volume=25
|issue=4
|periodical=International journal of law and psychiatry
|pages=351–60
|doi = 10.1016/S0160-2527(02)00127-9
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 12596032
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12596032
|last=Möller
|first=A
|last2=Scharfetter
|first2=C
|last3=Hell
|first3=D
|publication-date=2003 Jan
|year=2003
|title=The "Psychopathologic laboratory" at Burghölzli. Development and termination of the working relationship of C.G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler
|volume=74
|issue=1
|periodical=Der Nervenarzt
|pages=85–90
|doi = 10.1007/s00115-002-1282-7
|journal=Der Nervenarzt
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 11042871
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11042871
|last=Möller
|first=A
|last2=Hell
|first2=D
|publication-date=2000 Sep
|year=2000
|title=Fundamentals of scientifically based ethics in the works of Eugen Bleuler
|volume=71
|issue=9
|periodical=Der Nervenarzt
|pages=751–7
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 10457965
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10457965
|last=Möller
|first=A
|last2=Hell
|first2=D
|publication-date=1999 Jul
|year=1999
|title=Scientific psychology in the works of Eugen Bleuler
|volume=26
|issue=4
|periodical=Psychiatrische Praxis
|pages=157–62
}}
*{{Citation
*{{Citation
|pmid = 10327309
|pmid = 10327309
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|pages=353–61
|pages=353–61
}}
}}
*{{cite journal |author=KRAPF EE |title=Response to fellowship lecture on Eugen Bleuler |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=114 |issue=4 |pages=299–302 |year=1957 |month=October |pmid=13458491 |url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=13458491}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 13458491
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13458491
|last=Krapf
|first=E E
|publication-date=1957 Oct
|year=1957
|title=Response to fellowship lecture on Eugen Bleuler
|volume=114
|issue=4
|periodical=The American journal of psychiatry
|pages=299–302
}}
*{{Citation
*{{Citation
|pmid = 13458490
|pmid = 13458490
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}}
}}
* George Makari, Revolution in Mind:The Creation of Psychoanalysis, (Harper Collins, 2008)
* George Makari, Revolution in Mind:The Creation of Psychoanalysis, (Harper Collins, 2008)

{{Refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9015643/Eugen-Bleuler Eugen Bleuler] - [[Encyclopædia Britannica]].
*[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9015643/Eugen-Bleuler Eugen Bleuler] - [[Encyclopædia Britannica]].

*[http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/114/4/299.pdf Response to fellowship lecture on Eugen Bleuler] - Comments by E.E. Krapf in the [[American Journal of Psychiatry]] (PMID 13458491).


{{Lifetime|1857|1939|Bleuler, Eugen}}
{{Lifetime|1857|1939|Bleuler, Eugen}}

Revision as of 06:44, 15 July 2009

Eugen Bleuler
File:Bleuler.png
BornApril 30, 1857 (1857-04-30)
Zollikon, Switzerland
DiedJuly 15, 1939(1939-07-15) (aged 82)
Zollikon, Switzerland
NationalitySwiss
CitizenshipSwiss
Alma materUniv. of Zurich
Known forSchizophrenia
Autism
Scientific career
FieldsPsychiatry
InstitutionsRheinau-Zurich clinic
Burghölzli clinic
Univ. of Zurich
Doctoral advisorJean-Martin Charcot
Bernhard von Gudden
Doctoral studentsManfred Bleuler
"Bleuler" redirects here. For other people with the surname "Bleuler", see Bleuler (surname).

Paul Eugen Bleuler (April 30, 1857 – July 15, 1939)[1] was a Swiss psychiatrist most notable for his contributions to the understanding of mental illness and coining the term schizophrenia.

Bleuler was born in Zollikon, a small town near Zurich in Switzerland, to Johann Rudolf Bleuler, a wealthy farmer, and Pauline Bleuler-Bleuler. He studied medicine in Zurich, and later studied in Paris, London and Munich after which he returned to Zurich to take a post as an intern at the Burghölzli, a university hospital.

In 1886 Bleuler became the director of a psychiatric clinic at Rheinau, a hospital located in an old monastery on an island in the Rhine. Rheinau was noted at the time for being backward, and Bleuler set about improving conditions for the patients resident there.

Bleuler returned to the Burghölzli in 1898 where he was appointed director.

In the 1890s Bleuler became interested in Sigmund Freud's work, favorably reviewing Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud's Studies on Hysteria. Like Freud, Bleuler believed that complex mental processes could be unconscious. He encouraged his staff at the Burghölzli to study unconscious and psychotic mental phenomena. Influenced by Bleuler, Carl Jung and Franz Riklin used word association tests to integrate Freud's theory of repression with empirical psychological findings. For a time Bleuler even consulted Freud about his own self-analysis. As the leader of a major teaching and research hospital, Bleuler's support for Freud was very important to the early growth of psychoanalysis. By 1911, however, Bleuler withdrew his support for psychoanalysis.

Bleuler is particularly notable for naming schizophrenia, a disorder which was previously known as dementia praecox.[2] Bleuler realized the condition was neither a dementia, nor did it always occur in young people (praecox meaning early) and so gave the condition the purportedly less stigmatising but still controversial name from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν, "to split") and phrēn, phren- (φρήν, φρεν-, "mind"). Bleuler treated celebrated Russian ballet dancer Vaslav Nijinsky after his breakdown in 1919.

Bleuler coined the New Latin word autismus (English translation autism) in 1910 as he was defining symptoms of schizophrenia, deriving it from the Greek word autos (αὐτός, meaning self).[3] According to the Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis by Charles Rycroft, it was Bleuler who introduced the term ambivalence (in 1911).

Bleuler is also recognized today for having a neurological condition called synesthesia, in which information from the sensory systems crosses over with the result that an individual experiences one sensation as another -- tasting colours, hearing numbers or seeing music, for example.

References

  1. ^ Eugen Bleuler. www.whonamedit.com. URL: http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html. Accessed on: May 2, 2007.
  2. ^ http://www.entwicklung-der-psychiatrie.de/seiten/50_bleuler_dementia_praecox_oder_gruppe_der_schizophrenien.htm
  3. ^ Kuhn R (2004). "Eugen Bleuler's concepts of psychopathology". History of Psychiatry. 15 (59 Pt 3): 361–6. PMID 15386868. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) The quote is a translation of Bleuler's 1910 original.

Further reading



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| #default = 1857 births

}}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1939}} 

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