Tricalcium phosphate: Difference between revisions
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It is commonly used in porcelain and dental powders, and medically as an [[antacid]] or calcium supplement, although [[calcium carbonate]] is more common in this regard. |
It is commonly used in porcelain and dental powders, and medically as an [[antacid]] or calcium supplement, although [[calcium carbonate]] is more common in this regard. |
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It can be used as a tissue replacement for repairing bony defects when [[autogenous]] [[bone graft]] is not feasible or possible.<ref name=" |
It can be used as a tissue replacement for repairing bony defects when [[autogenous]] [[bone graft]] is not feasible or possible.<ref name="pmid19711008">{{cite journal |
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| author = Paderni S, Terzi S, Amendola L |
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| title = Major bone defect treatment with an osteoconductive bone substitute |
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| journal = [[Musculoskelet Surg]] |
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| volume = 93 |
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| issue = 2 |
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| pages = 89–96 |
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| year = 2009 |
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| month = September |
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| pmid = 19711008 |
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| doi = 10.1007/s12306-009-0028-0 |
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}}</ref><ref name="pmid3040949">{{cite journal |
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| author = Moore DC, Chapman MW, Manske D |
| author = Moore DC, Chapman MW, Manske D |
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| title = The evaluation of a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic for use in grafting long-bone diaphyseal defects |
| title = The evaluation of a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic for use in grafting long-bone diaphyseal defects |
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Revision as of 19:51, 25 October 2009
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Tricalcium diphosphate
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| Other names | |
| Identifiers | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.946 |
PubChem CID
|
|
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| Properties | |
| Ca3O8P2 | |
| Molar mass | 310.18 g/mol |
| Appearance | White amorphous powder |
| Density | 3.14 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | Liquifies under high pressure at 1670 K (1391 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−982.3 kJ/mol (α-form) −984.9 kJ/mol (β-form) |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions
|
Calcium pyrophosphate |
Other cations
|
Magnesium phosphate Dicalcium phosphate Monocalcium phosphate Strontium phosphate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Tricalcium phosphate is a compound with formula Ca3(PO4)2. It is also known as calcium orthophosphate, tertiary calcium phosphate, tribasic calcium phosphate, or "bone ash" (calcium phosphate being one of the main combustion products of bone).
It has an alpha an alpha' and a beta crystal form, the alpha state being formed at high temperatures. As rock, it is found in Whitlockite.
General case
In minerals, "calcium phosphate" refers to minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with orthophosphates (PO43-), metaphosphates or pyrophosphates (P2O74-) and occasionally hydrogen or hydroxide ions.
Especially, the common mineral apatite has formula Ca5(PO4)3X, where X is F, Cl, OH, or a mixture; it is hydroxyapatite if the extra ion is mainly hydroxide. Much of the "tricalcium phosphate" on the market is actually powdered hydroxyapatite.
Natural occurrence
It is found in nature as a rock in Morocco, Israel, Philippines, Egypt, and Kola (Russia) and in smaller quantities in some other countries. The natural form is not completely pure, and there are some other components like sand and lime which can change the composition. In terms of P2O5, most calcium phosphate rocks have a content of 30% to 40% P2O5 in weight.
The skeletons and teeth of vertebrate animals are composed of calcium phosphate, mainly hydroxylapatite.
Uses
Tricalcium phosphate is used in powdered spices as an anti-caking agent.
Calcium phosphate is an important raw material for the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers, for example in the Odda process.
Calcium phosphate is also a raising agent (food additives) E341. Is a mineral salt found in rocks and bones, it is used in cheese products.
It is also used as a nutritional supplement. There is some debate about the different bioavailabilities of the different calcium salts.
It is commonly used in porcelain and dental powders, and medically as an antacid or calcium supplement, although calcium carbonate is more common in this regard.
It can be used as a tissue replacement for repairing bony defects when autogenous bone graft is not feasible or possible.[1][2][3] It may be used alone or in combination with a biodegradable, resorbable polymer such as polygalactic acid.[4] It may also be combined with autologous materials for a bone graft.[5][6]
Another practical application of the compound is its use in gene transfection. The calcium ions can make a cell competent (a euphemism for "rip holes in its membrane") to allow exogenous genes to enter the cell by diffusion. A heat shock afterwards then invokes the cell to repair itself. This is a quick and easy method for transfection, albeit a rather inefficient one.
References
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- ^ Paderni S, Terzi S, Amendola L (2009). "Major bone defect treatment with an osteoconductive bone substitute". Musculoskelet Surg. 93 (2): 89–96. doi:10.1007/s12306-009-0028-0. PMID 19711008.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Moore DC, Chapman MW, Manske D (1987). "The evaluation of a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic for use in grafting long-bone diaphyseal defects". Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society. 5 (3): 356–65. doi:10.1002/jor.1100050307. PMID 3040949.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lange TA, Zerwekh JE, Peek RD, Mooney V, Harrison BH (1986). "Granular tricalcium phosphate in large cancellous defects". Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science. 16 (6): 467–72. PMID 3541772.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Cao H, Kuboyama N (2009). "A biodegradable porous composite scaffold of PGA/beta-TCP for bone tissue engineering". Bone. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.031. PMID 19800045.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Erbe EM, Marx JG, Clineff TD, Bellincampi LD (2001). "Potential of an ultraporous beta-tricalcium phosphate synthetic cancellous bone void filler and bone marrow aspirate composite graft". European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 10 Suppl 2: S141–6. doi:10.1007/s005860100287. PMID 11716011.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bansal S, Chauhan V, Sharma S, Maheshwari R, Juyal A, Raghuvanshi S (2009). "Evaluation of hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate mixed with bone marrow aspirate as a bone graft substitute for posterolateral spinal fusion". Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 43 (3): 234–9. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.49387. PMC 2762171. PMID 19838344.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)