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| name = Hydnaceae
| name = Hydnaceae
| image = Hedgehog_fungi.jpg
| image = Hedgehog_fungi.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Hydnum repandum]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Hydnum repandum]]''
| regnum = [[Fungus|Fungi]]
| regnum = [[Fungus|Fungi]]
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| ordo = [[Cantharellales]]
| ordo = [[Cantharellales]]
| familia = '''Hydnaceae'''
| familia = '''Hydnaceae'''
| familia_authority = Chevall. (1826)
| familia_authority = [[François Fulgis Chevallier|Chevall.]]
| type_genus = ''Hydnum''
| type_genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
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}}
}}


The '''Hydnaceae''' are a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[fungi]] in the order [[Cantharellales]]. Originally the family encompassed all [[species]] of fungi that produced [[basidiocarps]] (fruit bodies) having a toothed or spiny [[hymenium]] (spore-bearing surface), whether they were related or not. This artificial but often useful grouping is now more generally called the [[hydnoid fungi|hydnoid or tooth fungi]]. In the strict, modern sense, the Hydnaceae are limited to the [[genus]] ''[[Hydnum]]'' and related genera, with basidiocarps having a toothed or [[polypore|poroid]] hymenium. Species in the family are [[ectomycorrhizal]], forming a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of trees and other plants. ''[[Hydnum repandum]]'' (the hedgehog fungus) is an edible species, commercially collected in some countries and often marketed under the French name "pied de mouton".
The '''Hydnaceae''' are a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[fungi]] in the order [[Cantharellales]]. Originally the family encompassed all [[species]] of fungi that produced [[basidiocarps]] (fruit bodies) having a toothed or spiny [[hymenium]] ([[spore]]-bearing surface),<ref name="Smith1975"/> whether they were related or not. This artificial but often useful grouping is now more generally called the [[hydnoid fungi|hydnoid or tooth fungi]]. In the strict, modern sense, the Hydnaceae are limited to the [[genus]] ''[[Hydnum]]'' and related genera, with basidiocarps having a toothed or [[polypore|poroid]] hymenium. Species in the family are [[ectomycorrhizal]], forming a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of trees and other plants. ''[[Hydnum repandum]]'' (the hedgehog fungus) is an [[edible mushroom|edible]] species, commercially collected in some countries and often marketed under the French name "pied de mouton".


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
Line 32: Line 34:


==Habitat and distribution==
==Habitat and distribution==
All species within the Hydnaceae are believed to be [[ectomycorrhizal]], forming a mutually beneficial relationships with the roots of living trees and other plants. Basidiocarps typically occur on the ground or in leaf litter in woodland.<ref name="Nilssonetal2006"/><ref name="DiMarinoal2008"/> The family has a [[cosmopolitan distribution]].
All species within the Hydnaceae are believed to be [[ectomycorrhizal]], forming a [[mutualism|mutually beneficial]] relationships with the roots of living trees and other plants. Basidiocarps typically occur on the ground or in [[leaf litter]] in woodland.<ref name="Nilssonetal2006"/><ref name="DiMarinoal2008"/> The family has a [[cosmopolitan distribution]].


==Economic importance==
==Economic importance==
Several species of ''Hydnum'' are edible and ''Hydnum repandum'' is commercially collected and marketed in Europe,<ref name="alibaba"/> often under the French name "pied de mouton".<ref name="pieddemouton"/> In North America, the related ''[[Hydnum umbilicatum]]'' is also commercially collected, sometimes under the name "sweet tooth".<ref name="sweettooth"/>
Several species of ''Hydnum'' are [[edible mushroom|edible]] and ''Hydnum repandum'' is commercially collected and marketed in Europe,<ref name="alibaba"/> often under the French name "pied de mouton".<ref name="pieddemouton"/> In North America, the related ''[[Hydnum umbilicatum]]'' is also commercially collected, sometimes under the name "sweet tooth".<ref name="sweettooth"/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2|refs=
{{reflist|2|refs=


<ref name="Donk1964">{{cite journal | author=Donk MA. | year=1964 | title=A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales | journal=Persoonia | volume=3 | pages=199–324 }}</ref>
<ref name="Donk1964">{{cite journal | author=Donk MA. |year=1964 |title=A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales | journal=Persoonia |volume=3 |pages=199–324 }}</ref>


<ref name="Donk1933">{{cite journal | author=Donk MA. | year=1933 | title=Revision der niederländischen Homobasidiomycetae-Aphyllophoraceae II | journal=Medel. Bot. Mus. Univ. Utrecht | volume=9 | pages=1-278 }}</ref>
<ref name="Donk1933">{{cite journal |author=Donk MA. |year=1933 |title=Revision der niederländischen Homobasidiomycetae-Aphyllophoraceae II |journal=Medel. Bot. Mus. Univ. Utrecht |volume=9 |pages=1–278 |language=German}}</ref>


<ref name="Dictionary1995">{{cite book |title=Dictionary of the Fungi. 8th Ed. |last=Hawksworth DL, Kirk PM, Sutton BC, Pegler DN. (eds) |year=1995 |publisher=CABI |location=Wallingford, Oxford |isbn= 0851988857 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dictionary1995">{{cite book |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=8th |last=Hawksworth DL, Kirk PM, Sutton BC, Pegler DN. (eds) |year=1995 |publisher=CABI |location=Wallingford, Oxford |isbn=0851988857 }}</ref>


<ref name="Moncalvoetal2006">{{cite journal |doi=10.3852/mycologia.98.6.937 |author=Moncalvo J-M ''et al.'' |year=2006 |title=The cantharelloid clade: dealing with incongruent gene trees and phylogenetic reconstruction methods |journal=Mycologia |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=937–948 |pmid=17486970 }} http://www1.univap.br/drauzio/index_arquivos/Myco11.pdf</ref>
<ref name="Moncalvoetal2006">{{cite journal |doi=10.3852/mycologia.98.6.937 |author=Moncalvo J-M ''et al.'' |year=2006 |title=The cantharelloid clade: dealing with incongruent gene trees and phylogenetic reconstruction methods |journal=Mycologia |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=937–948 |pmid=17486970 |url=http://www1.univap.br/drauzio/index_arquivos/Myco11.pdf |format=PDF}} </ref>


<ref name="Pineetal1999">{{cite journal |author=Pine EM, Hibbett DS, Donoghue MJ. |year=1999 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of cantharelloid and clavarioid Homobasidiomycetes based on mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA sequences |journal=Mycologia |volume=91 |pages=944-963 }}</ref>
<ref name="Pineetal1999">{{cite journal |author=Pine EM, Hibbett DS, Donoghue MJ. |year=1999 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of cantharelloid and clavarioid Homobasidiomycetes based on mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA sequences |journal=Mycologia |volume=91 |pages=944–963 |doi=10.3852/mycologia.98.6.937}}</ref>


<ref name="Larsson2007">{{cite journal | author=Larsson K-H. | year=2007 | title=Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi | journal=Mycological Research | volume=111 | pages=1040-1063 }}</ref>
<ref name="Larsson2007">{{cite journal |author=Larsson K-H. |year=2007 |title=Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi |journal=Mycological Research |volume=111 |pages=1040–1063 |doi=10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.001 |pmid=17981020}}</ref>


<ref name="Diederich&Lawrey2007">{{cite journal |author=Diederich P, Lawrey JD. |year=2007 |title=New lichenicolous, muscicolous, corticolous and lignicolous
<ref name="Diederich&Lawrey2007">{{cite journal |author=Diederich P, Lawrey JD. |year=2007 |title=New lichenicolous, muscicolous, corticolous and lignicolous taxa of ''Burgoa s.l.'' and ''Marchandiomyces s.l.'' (anamorphic Basidiomycota), a new genus for ''Omphalina foliacea'', and a catalogue and a key to the non-lichenized, bulbilliferous basidiomycetes |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=6 |issue=2| pages=61–80 |doi=10.1007/s11557-007-0523-3}}</ref>
taxa of ''Burgoa s.l.'' and ''Marchandiomyces s.l.'' (anamorphic Basidiomycota), a new genus for ''Omphalina foliacea'', and a catalogue and a key to the non-lichenized, bulbilliferous basidiomycetes |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=6 | pages=61-80}}</ref>


<ref name="Nilssonetal2006">{{cite journal |author=Nilsson RH, Larsson K-H, Kõljalg U. |year=2006 |title=Fruiting body-guided molecular identification of root-tip mantle mycelia provides strong indications of ectomycorrhizal associations in two species of ''Sistotrema'' (Basidiomycota) |journal=Mycological Research |volume=110 |pages=1426–1432 }}</ref>
<ref name="Nilssonetal2006">{{cite journal |author=Nilsson RH, Larsson K-H, Kõljalg U. |year=2006 |title=Fruiting body-guided molecular identification of root-tip mantle mycelia provides strong indications of ectomycorrhizal associations in two species of ''Sistotrema'' (Basidiomycota) |journal=Mycological Research |volume=110 |issue=12 |pages=1426–1432 |pmid=17123810 |doi=10.1016/j.mycres.2006.09.017}}</ref>


<ref name="DiMarinoal2008">{{cite journal |author=Di Marino E, Scattolin L, Bodensteiner P, Agerer R. |year=2008 |title=''Sistotrema'' is a genus with ectomycorrhizal species − confirmation of what sequence studies already suggested |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=7 |pages=169–176 }}</ref>
<ref name="DiMarinoal2008">{{cite journal |author=Di Marino E, Scattolin L, Bodensteiner P, Agerer R. |year=2008 |title=''Sistotrema'' is a genus with ectomycorrhizal species − confirmation of what sequence studies already suggested |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=169–176 |doi=10.1007/s11557-008-0562-4}}</ref>


<ref name="pieddemouton">http://www.themushroombasket.com/the-mushroom-basket/wild-mushrooms/pied-de-mouton</ref>
<ref name="pieddemouton">http://www.themushroombasket.com/the-mushroom-basket/wild-mushrooms/pied-de-mouton</ref>
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<ref name="alibaba">http://www.alibaba.com/product-tp/108651217/HYDNUM_REPANDUM.html</ref>
<ref name="alibaba">http://www.alibaba.com/product-tp/108651217/HYDNUM_REPANDUM.html</ref>


<ref name="sweettooth">http://www.marxfoods.com/wild-hedgehog-mushrooms</ref>
<ref name="sweettooth">http://www.marxfoods.com/wild-hedgehog-mushrooms</ref>

<ref name="Smith1975">{{cite book |author=Smith AH. |title=A Field Guide to Western Mushrooms |publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor, Michigan |year=1975 |page=8 |isbn=0-472-85599-9 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=q7eXGZQG7ksC&lpg=PA8&dq=hydnaceae&pg=PA8}}</ref>

}}
}}


Revision as of 06:11, 14 December 2010

Hydnaceae
Hydnum repandum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Phylum:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Cantharellales
Family:
Hydnaceae

Type genus
Hydnum
Genera

Burgoa (anamorph)
Corallofungus
Hydnum
Ingoldiella (anamorph)
Osteomorpha (anamorph)
Sistotrema

Synonyms

Sistotremataceae Jülich (1982)

The Hydnaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. Originally the family encompassed all species of fungi that produced basidiocarps (fruit bodies) having a toothed or spiny hymenium (spore-bearing surface),[1] whether they were related or not. This artificial but often useful grouping is now more generally called the hydnoid or tooth fungi. In the strict, modern sense, the Hydnaceae are limited to the genus Hydnum and related genera, with basidiocarps having a toothed or poroid hymenium. Species in the family are ectomycorrhizal, forming a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of trees and other plants. Hydnum repandum (the hedgehog fungus) is an edible species, commercially collected in some countries and often marketed under the French name "pied de mouton".

Taxonomy

History

The family was originally described in 1826 by French botanist François Fulgis Chevallier to accommodate all the larger fungi with a toothed or spiny hymenium. As such, the family was entirely artificial, bringing together a diverse assemblage of species that have subsequently been reassigned to various different families.[2] In 1933, Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk radically limited the Hydnaceae (which he referred to the tribe Hydneae) to Hydnum repandum and related species that produced "stichic" basidia (basidia with nuclear spindles arranged longitudinally). He considered this feature placed these species closer to the chanterelles (Cantharellaceae) than to other hydnoid fungi.[3][2] Donk's disposition of the family was widely accepted and a standard 1995 text placed Hydnum and the Hydnaceae within the Cantharellales, though still retaining some additional genera (Amylodontia, Climacodon, Corallofungus, Dentinum, Gloeomucro, Nigrohydnum, Phaeoradulum, and Stegiacantha) within the family.[4] Most of these have now been placed elsewhere.

Current status

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has confirmed Donk's placement of the Hydnaceae as a family within the Cantharellales.[5][6] The precise boundaries of the family have not been investigated, but it appears that the type and related species of the genus Sistotrema belong within the Hydnaceae, as well as species of Hydnum itself.[7] These Sistotrema species have poroid basidiocarps and are not closely related to the majority of "Sistotrema" species which may belong within the Clavulinaceae.[8] The status of Corallofungus has not been investigated.

Habitat and distribution

All species within the Hydnaceae are believed to be ectomycorrhizal, forming a mutually beneficial relationships with the roots of living trees and other plants. Basidiocarps typically occur on the ground or in leaf litter in woodland.[9][10] The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.

Economic importance

Several species of Hydnum are edible and Hydnum repandum is commercially collected and marketed in Europe,[11] often under the French name "pied de mouton".[12] In North America, the related Hydnum umbilicatum is also commercially collected, sometimes under the name "sweet tooth".[13]

References

  1. ^ Smith AH. (1975). A Field Guide to Western Mushrooms. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-472-85599-9.
  2. ^ a b Donk MA. (1964). "A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales". Persoonia. 3: 199–324.
  3. ^ Donk MA. (1933). "Revision der niederländischen Homobasidiomycetae-Aphyllophoraceae II". Medel. Bot. Mus. Univ. Utrecht (in German). 9: 1–278.
  4. ^ Hawksworth DL, Kirk PM, Sutton BC, Pegler DN. (eds) (1995). Dictionary of the Fungi (8th ed.). Wallingford, Oxford: CABI. ISBN 0851988857. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Pine EM, Hibbett DS, Donoghue MJ. (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships of cantharelloid and clavarioid Homobasidiomycetes based on mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA sequences". Mycologia. 91: 944–963. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.937.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Moncalvo J-M; et al. (2006). "The cantharelloid clade: dealing with incongruent gene trees and phylogenetic reconstruction methods" (PDF). Mycologia. 98 (6): 937–948. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.937. PMID 17486970. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  7. ^ Larsson K-H. (2007). "Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi". Mycological Research. 111: 1040–1063. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.001. PMID 17981020.
  8. ^ Diederich P, Lawrey JD. (2007). "New lichenicolous, muscicolous, corticolous and lignicolous taxa of Burgoa s.l. and Marchandiomyces s.l. (anamorphic Basidiomycota), a new genus for Omphalina foliacea, and a catalogue and a key to the non-lichenized, bulbilliferous basidiomycetes". Mycological Progress. 6 (2): 61–80. doi:10.1007/s11557-007-0523-3.
  9. ^ Nilsson RH, Larsson K-H, Kõljalg U. (2006). "Fruiting body-guided molecular identification of root-tip mantle mycelia provides strong indications of ectomycorrhizal associations in two species of Sistotrema (Basidiomycota)". Mycological Research. 110 (12): 1426–1432. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2006.09.017. PMID 17123810.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Di Marino E, Scattolin L, Bodensteiner P, Agerer R. (2008). "Sistotrema is a genus with ectomycorrhizal species − confirmation of what sequence studies already suggested". Mycological Progress. 7 (3): 169–176. doi:10.1007/s11557-008-0562-4.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ http://www.alibaba.com/product-tp/108651217/HYDNUM_REPANDUM.html
  12. ^ http://www.themushroombasket.com/the-mushroom-basket/wild-mushrooms/pied-de-mouton
  13. ^ http://www.marxfoods.com/wild-hedgehog-mushrooms
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