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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| image = Anguillicola crassus.jpg
| image = Anguillicola crassus.jpg
| image_caption = four specimen of ''Anguillicola crassus''
| image_caption = four specimen of ''Anguillicola crassus''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Roundworm|Nematoda]]
| phylum = [[Roundworm|Nematoda]]
| classis = [[Secernentea]]
| classis = [[Secernentea]]
| ordo = [[Spirurida]]
| ordo = [[Spirurida]]
| subordo = [[Camallanata]]
| subordo = [[Camallanata]]
| familia = [[Dracunculidae]]
| familia = [[Dracunculidae]]
| genus = ''[[Anguillicoloides]]''
| genus = ''[[Anguillicoloides]]''
| species = '''''A. crassus'''''
| species = '''''A. crassus'''''
| binomial = ''Anguillicoloides crassus''
| binomial = ''Anguillicoloides crassus''
| binomial_authority = (Kuwahara, Niimi & Hagaki, 1974)<ref>Kuwahara A., Niimi H. & Itagaki H. (1974). "Studies on a nematode parasitic in the air bladder of the eel I. Descriptions of ''Anguillicola crassa'' sp. n. (Philometridea, Anguillicolidae)". ''[[Japanese Journal for Parasitology]]'' '''23'''(5): 275-279. OpenURL</ref>
| binomial_authority = (Kuwahara, Niimi & Hagaki, 1974)<ref>Kuwahara A., Niimi H. & Itagaki H. (1974). "Studies on a nematode parasitic in the air bladder of the eel I. Descriptions of ''Anguillicola crassa'' sp. n. (Philometridea, Anguillicolidae)". ''[[Japanese Journal for Parasitology]]'' '''23'''(5): 275–279. OpenURL</ref>
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
''Anguillicola crassus'' Kuwahara, Niimi & Hagaki, 1974
''Anguillicola crassus'' <small>Kuwahara, Niimi & Hagaki, 1974</small>
}}
}}
'''''Anguillicoloides crassus'''''<ref>Heitlinger E. G., Laetsch D. R., Weclawski U., Han Y. S. & Taraschewski H. (2009). "Massive encapsulation of larval ''Anguillicoloides crassus'' in the intestinal wall of Japanese eels". ''[[Parasites & Vectors]]'' '''2''': 48. [[doi:10.1186/1756-3305-2-48]].</ref><ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Anguillicoloides crassus'' (Kuwahara, Niimi & Itagaki, 1974). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=458994 on 2010-08-13</ref> is a [[parasitism|parasitic]] [[nematode]] worm that lives in the [[gas bladder|swimbladders]] of [[Anguillidae|eels]] (''[[Anguilla]]'' spp.) and appears to spread easily among eel populations after introduction to a body of water. It is considered to be one of the threats to the sustainability of populations of [[European eel]] (''Anguilla anguilla''). It was introduced to the European continent in the 1980s, where it was reported independently from Germany and Italy in 1982, having probably been introduced from Taiwan<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03855.x/abstract</ref>. It is thought to have reached England in 1987 from continental Europe. It is a natural parasite of the [[Japanese eel]] in its native range.
'''''Anguillicoloides crassus'''''<ref>{{cite journal |author=E. G. Heitlinger, D. R. Laetsch, U. Weclawski, Y. S. Han & H. Taraschewski |year=2009 |title=Massive encapsulation of larval ''Anguillicoloides crassus'' in the intestinal wall of Japanese eels |journal=[[Parasites & Vectors]] |volume=2 |page=48 |doi=10.1186/1756-3305-2-48 |pmid=19832983}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=WoRMS |year=2010 |title=''Anguillicoloides crassus'' (Kuwahara, Niimi & Itagaki, 1974) |publisher=[[World Register of Marine Species]] |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=458994 |accessdate=August 13, 2010}}</ref> is a [[parasitism|parasitic]] [[nematode]] worm that lives in the [[gas bladder|swimbladders]] of [[Anguillidae|eels]] (''[[Anguilla]]'' spp.) and appears to spread easily among eel populations after introduction to a body of water. It is considered to be one of the threats to the sustainability of populations of [[European eel]] (''Anguilla anguilla''). It was introduced to the European continent in the 1980s, where it was reported independently from Germany and Italy in 1982, having probably been introduced from Taiwan.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sébastien Wielgoss, Horst Taraschewski, Axel Meyer & Thierry Wirth |year=2008 |title=Population structure of the parasitic nematode ''Anguillicola crassus'', an invader of declining North Atlantic eel stocks |journal=[[Molecular Ecology]] |volume=17 |issue=15 |pages=3478–3495 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03855.x |pmid=18727770 |url=http://www.thierrywirth-lab.com/pdf/pdf-027.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]}}</ref> It is thought to have reached England in 1987 from continental Europe. It is a natural parasite of the [[Japanese eel]] in its native range.


The life cycle of ''Anguillicoloides crassus'' begins when the adult nematode releases thousands of eggs in the eel's swimbladder. The eggs pass through the eel's digestive tract and the larvae emerge in the water and settle onto the substrate. They are ingested by their intermediate host, which is often a [[copepod]] or other [[crustacean]] but may also be a fish. The nematode larva reaches its infective stage within this intermediate host. The host is eaten by an eel, and the nematode finds its way from the eel's digestive tract to its swimbladder. An eel with an advanced parasite load shows symptoms such as bleeding lesions and swimbladder collapse. The eel becomes more susceptible to disease, its rate of growth slows, and if the infestation is severe enough, it may die. Since the swimbladder is the [[Buoyancy|buoyant]] organ which allows the eel to swim, a severe parasite infestation can hamper its ability to reach its [[spawn (biology)|spawning]] grounds.
The life cycle of ''Anguillicoloides crassus'' begins when the adult nematode releases thousands of eggs in the eel's swimbladder. The eggs pass through the eel's digestive tract and the larvae emerge in the water and settle onto the substrate. They are ingested by their intermediate host, which is often a [[copepod]] or other [[crustacean]] but may also be a fish. The nematode larva reaches its infective stage within this intermediate host. The host is eaten by an eel, and the nematode finds its way from the eel's digestive tract to its swimbladder. An eel with an advanced parasite load shows symptoms such as bleeding lesions and swimbladder collapse. The eel becomes more susceptible to disease, its rate of growth slows, and if the infestation is severe enough, it may die. Since the swimbladder is the [[Buoyancy|buoyant]] organ which allows the eel to swim, a severe parasite infestation can hamper its ability to reach its [[spawn (biology)|spawning]] grounds.
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*Kennedy, C.R. (1993). Introductions, spread and colonization of new localities by fish helminth and crustacean parasites in the British Isles: a perspective and appraisal. ''Journal of Fish Biology'', 43: 287-301.
*Kennedy, C. R. (1993). Introductions, spread and colonization of new localities by fish helminth and crustacean parasites in the British Isles: a perspective and appraisal. ''Journal of Fish Biology'', 43: 287–301.
*Kennedy, C.R., & Fitch, D.J. (1990). Colonisation, larval survival, and epidemiology of the nematode ''Anguillicola crassus'', parasite in the eel ''Anguilla Anguilla'' in Britain. ''Journal of Fish Biology'', 36: 117-131.
*Kennedy, C. R., & Fitch, D. J. (1990). Colonisation, larval survival, and epidemiology of the nematode ''Anguillicola crassus'', parasite in the eel ''Anguilla Anguilla'' in Britain. ''Journal of Fish Biology'', 36: 117–131.
*Koops, H., & Hartmann, F. (1989). ''Anguillicola'' infestations in Germany and in German eel imports. ''[[Journal of Applied Ichthyology]]'', 1: 41-45.
*Koops, H., & Hartmann, F. (1989). ''Anguillicola'' infestations in Germany and in German eel imports. ''[[Journal of Applied Ichthyology]]'', 1: 41–45.


==External links==
==External links==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Anguillicola Crassus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anguillicola Crassus}}
⚫
[[Category:Invasive animal species]]
[[Category:Nematodes]]
[[Category:Nematodes]]
⚫
[[Category:Invasive animal species]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1974]]


[[cs:Krevnatka úhoří]]
[[cs:Krevnatka úhoří]]

Revision as of 18:28, 12 May 2011

Anguillicoloides crassus
four specimen of Anguillicola crassus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Nematoda
Class:
Secernentea
Order:
Spirurida
Suborder:
Camallanata
Family:
Dracunculidae
Genus:
Anguillicoloides
Species:
A. crassus
Binomial name
Anguillicoloides crassus
(Kuwahara, Niimi & Hagaki, 1974)[1]
Synonyms

Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi & Hagaki, 1974

Anguillicoloides crassus[2][3] is a parasitic nematode worm that lives in the swimbladders of eels (Anguilla spp.) and appears to spread easily among eel populations after introduction to a body of water. It is considered to be one of the threats to the sustainability of populations of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). It was introduced to the European continent in the 1980s, where it was reported independently from Germany and Italy in 1982, having probably been introduced from Taiwan.[4] It is thought to have reached England in 1987 from continental Europe. It is a natural parasite of the Japanese eel in its native range.

The life cycle of Anguillicoloides crassus begins when the adult nematode releases thousands of eggs in the eel's swimbladder. The eggs pass through the eel's digestive tract and the larvae emerge in the water and settle onto the substrate. They are ingested by their intermediate host, which is often a copepod or other crustacean but may also be a fish. The nematode larva reaches its infective stage within this intermediate host. The host is eaten by an eel, and the nematode finds its way from the eel's digestive tract to its swimbladder. An eel with an advanced parasite load shows symptoms such as bleeding lesions and swimbladder collapse. The eel becomes more susceptible to disease, its rate of growth slows, and if the infestation is severe enough, it may die. Since the swimbladder is the buoyant organ which allows the eel to swim, a severe parasite infestation can hamper its ability to reach its spawning grounds.

The state of being colonized by Anguillicola nematodes is termed anguillicolosis.

References

  1. ^ Kuwahara A., Niimi H. & Itagaki H. (1974). "Studies on a nematode parasitic in the air bladder of the eel I. Descriptions of Anguillicola crassa sp. n. (Philometridea, Anguillicolidae)". Japanese Journal for Parasitology 23(5): 275–279. OpenURL
  2. ^ E. G. Heitlinger, D. R. Laetsch, U. Weclawski, Y. S. Han & H. Taraschewski (2009). "Massive encapsulation of larval Anguillicoloides crassus in the intestinal wall of Japanese eels". Parasites & Vectors. 2: 48. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-2-48. PMID 19832983.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ WoRMS (2010). "Anguillicoloides crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi & Itagaki, 1974)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  4. ^ Sébastien Wielgoss, Horst Taraschewski, Axel Meyer & Thierry Wirth (2008). "Population structure of the parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus, an invader of declining North Atlantic eel stocks" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 17 (15): 3478–3495. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03855.x. PMID 18727770.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Further reading

  • Kennedy, C. R. (1993). Introductions, spread and colonization of new localities by fish helminth and crustacean parasites in the British Isles: a perspective and appraisal. Journal of Fish Biology, 43: 287–301.
  • Kennedy, C. R., & Fitch, D. J. (1990). Colonisation, larval survival, and epidemiology of the nematode Anguillicola crassus, parasite in the eel Anguilla Anguilla in Britain. Journal of Fish Biology, 36: 117–131.
  • Koops, H., & Hartmann, F. (1989). Anguillicola infestations in Germany and in German eel imports. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 1: 41–45.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anguillicoloides crassus.
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