List of organisms by chromosome count: Difference between revisions

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Add reference for Turkey; 78 chromosomes plus 2 sex chromosomes
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|[[Tobacco]] || ''Nicotiana tabacum'' || 48<ref name="Simmonds"/> || Cultivated species is a tetraploid.<ref name="Simmonds"/>
|[[Tobacco]] || ''Nicotiana tabacum'' || 48<ref name="Simmonds"/> || Cultivated species is a tetraploid.<ref name="Simmonds"/>
|-
|-
|[[Turkey (bird)|Turkey]] || || 80 || <ref name="Aslan">{{Cite Journal|author=Muhammad L Aslam, John WM Bastiaansen, Richard PMA Crooijmans, Addie Vereijken, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Martien AM Groenen|Title=A SNP based linkage map of the turkey genome
|[[Turkey (bird)|Turkey]] || || 80 ||
reveals multiple intrachromosomal rearrangements between the Turkey and Chicken genomes|Journal=BMC Genomics|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2164-11-647.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Virginia Opossum]] || ''Didelphis virginiana'' || 22<ref name = "OP">{{Cite journal|author=Biggers JD, Fritz HI, Hare WC, McFeely RA |title=Chromosomes of American Marsupials |journal=Science |volume=148 |issue= 3677|pages=1602–3 |year=1965 |month=June |pmid=14287602 |doi=10.1126/science.148.3677.1602|bibcode = 1965Sci...148.1602B }}</ref> ||
|[[Virginia Opossum]] || ''Didelphis virginiana'' || 22<ref name = "OP">{{Cite journal|author=Biggers JD, Fritz HI, Hare WC, McFeely RA |title=Chromosomes of American Marsupials |journal=Science |volume=148 |issue= 3677|pages=1602–3 |year=1965 |month=June |pmid=14287602 |doi=10.1126/science.148.3677.1602|bibcode = 1965Sci...148.1602B }}</ref> ||

Revision as of 01:21, 4 February 2012

This page lists the numbers of chromosomes in various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms, given as the diploid number (2n)

Organism Scientific name Diploid number of chromosomes Notes
African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus 78[1]
Alfalfa Medicago sativa 32[2] Cultivated alfalfa is tetraploid, with 2n=4x=32. Wild relatives have 2n=16.[2]
American Badger Taxidea taxus 32
American Marten Martes americana 38
American Mink Neovison vison 30
Aquatic Rat Anotomys leander 92[3] Tied for highest number in mammals with Ichthyomys pittieri.
Thale Cress Arabidopsis thaliana 10
Barley Hordeum vulgare 14[2]
Bat-eared Fox Otocyon megalotis 72[1]
Bean Phaseolus sp. 22[2] All species in the genus have the same chromosome number, including P. vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. acutifolis, and P. lunatus.[2]
Beaver (American) Castor canadensis 40
Beaver (Eurasian) Castor fiber 48
Beech Marten Martes foina 38
Bengal Fox Vulpes bengalensis 60
Bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara 24[4][5]
Black nightshade Solanum nigrum 72[6]
Moonworts Botrychium 90
Nagaho-no-natsu-no-hana-warabi Botrypus strictus 88 B. strictus and B. virginianus have been shown to be paraphyletic in the genus Botrypus
Rattlesnake fern Botrypus virginianus 184[7]
Cabbage Brassica oleracea 18[2] Broccoli, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower are all the same species and have the same chromosome number.[2]
Carp 104
Capuchin Monkey Cebus x 54[8]
Cat Felis catus 38
Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus 78
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 48 [9]
Chinchilla Chinchilla lanigera 64 [10]
Coatimundi 38
Cotton Gossypium hirsutum 52[2] 2n=4x; Cultivated upland cotton is derived from an allotetraploid
Cow Bos primigenius 60
Coyote Canis latrans 78[1]
Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 48
Dhole Cuon alpinus 78
Dingo Canis lupus dingo 78[1]
Dog Canis lupus familiaris 78[11] 76 autosomal and 2 sexual.[12]
Dolphin Delphinidae Delphis 44
Donkey Equus africanus asinus 62
Dove 78[13] Based on African collared dove
Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 8[14] 6 autosomal, and 2 sexual
Duck-billed Platypus 52
Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris 36
Echidna 63/64 63 (XXY, male) and 64 (XXXX, female)
Elephant 56
Elk (Wapiti) Cervus canadensis 68
Eurasian Badger Meles meles 44
European honey bee Apis mellifera 32 32 for females, males are haploid and thus have 16.
European Mink Mustela lutreola 38
European Polecat Mustela putorius 40
Fennec Fox Vulpes zerda 64[1]
Ferret Mustela putorius furo 40
Field Horsetail Equisetum arvense 216
Fisher (animal) 38 a type of marten
Fossa Cryptoprocta ferox 42
Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis 62
Goat 60
Golden Jackal Canis aureus 78[1]
Gorilla 48
Gray Fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus 66[1]
Gypsy moth 62
Hawkweed 8
Hare[15][16] 48
Hedgehog Genus Atelerix (African hedgehogs) 90
Hedgehog Genus Erinaceus (Woodland hedgehogs) 88
Kamraj (fern) Helminthostachys zeylanica 94
Horse Equus ferus caballus 64
Human Homo sapiens 46[17] 44 autosomal and 2 sex
Husk Tomato Physalis pubescens 24[18]
Hyena 40
Hyrax ?? Hyraxes are considered to be the closest living relative to the Elephant.
Crab-eating rat (semiaquatic rodent) Ichthyomys pittieri 92[3] Tied for highest number in mammals with Anotomys leander.
Jack jumper ant Myrmecia pilosula 2[19] 2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible. Other ant species have more chromosomes.[19]
Kangaroo 16 This includes several members genus Macropus, but not the red kangaroo (M. rufus, 40)[20]
Kit Fox 50
Lion Panthera leo 38
Long-nosed Cusimanse (a type of mongoose) 36
Maize Zea mays 20[2]
Maned Wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus 76
Mango Mangifera indica 40[2]
Meerkat Suricata suricatta 36
Mosquito Aedes aegypti 6[21] The 2n=6 chromosome number is conserved in the entire family Culicidae, except in Chagasia bathana which has 2n=8.[21]
Mouse Mus musculus 40
Mule 63 semi-infertile
Oats Avena sativa 42[2] This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Diploid and tetraploid cultivated species also exist.[2]
Adders-tongue Ophioglossum reticulatum 1200 or 1260 This fern has the highest known chromosome number.
Orangutan Pongo x 48
Oriental Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinerea 38
Pea Pisum sativum 14[2]
Pig 38
Pigeon 80
Pine Marten Martes martes 38
Pineapple Ananas comosus 50[2]
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus 52 [22] Ten sex chromosomes.
Potato Solanum tuberosum 48[2] This is a tetraploid; wild relatives mostly have 2n=24.[2]
Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum 34 [10]
Rabbit 44
Raccoon Procyon lotor 38[23]
Raccoon Dog Nyctereutes viverrinus 42 some sources say sub-species differ with 38, 54, and even 56 chromosomes
Raccoon Dog Nyctereutes procyonoides 56
Radish Raphanus sativus 18[2]
Rat 42
Red Deer Cervus elaphus 68
Red Fox Vulpes vulpes 34[1] Plus 3-5 microsomes.
Red Panda 36
Reeves's Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi 46
Rice Oryza sativa 24[2]
Rhesus Monkey 42[24]
Rye Secale cereale 14[2]
Sable Martes zibellina 38
Sable Antelope Hippotragus niger 46
Grape ferns Sceptridum 90
Sea Otter 38
Silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium 24[25]
Sheep 54
Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus 86-92 [26]
Slime Mold Dictyostelium discoideum 12 [27]
Snail 24
Spotted Skunk Spilogale x 64
Starfish 36
Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis 50
Swamp Wallaby Wallabia bicolor 10/11 10 for male, 11 for female
Tanuki/Raccoon Dog Nyctereutes procyonoides albus 38
Tiger Panthera tigris 38
Tibetan Sand fox Vulpes ferrilata 36
Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum 48[2] Cultivated species is a tetraploid.[2]
Turkey 80 [28]
Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana 22[29]
Wheat Triticum aestivum 42[2] This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Durum wheat is Triticum turgidum var. durum, and is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=28.[2]
White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus 70
Wolf Canis lupus 78
Woolly Mammoth Mammuthus primigenius 58 extinct; tissue from a frozen carcass
Wolverine Gulo gulo 42
Yellow Mongoose Cynictis penicillata 36
Yeast Saccharomyces cerivisiae 32

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffmann, Michael J.; Dave Mech (2004). Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. World Conservation Union. ISBN 2-8317-0786-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[page needed]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Simmonds, NW (ed.) (1976). Evolution of crop plants. New ]York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-44496-9. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)[page needed]
  3. ^ a b Schmid, M.; Fernández-Badillo, A.; Feichtinger, W.; Steinlein, C.; Roman, J.I. (1988). "On the highest chromosome number in mammals". Cytogenetics and Genome Research. 49 (4): 305–8. doi:10.1159/000132683. PMID 3073914.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Abrams, L. (1951). Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Volume 3. Stanford University Press. p. 866.
  5. ^ Stance, C. (1997). New Flora of the British Isles. Second Edition. Cambridge, UK. p. 1130.
  6. ^ Smith, Hugh (1927). "Chromosome counts in the varieties of Solanum tuberosum and allied wild species". Genetics. 12: 84–92.
  7. ^ Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds ([1993+]). "[[Flora of North America]]". Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Retrieved 2012-01-06. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |year= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  8. ^ Barnabe, Renato Campanarut; Guimarães, Marcelo Alcindo de Barros Vaz; Oliveira, CláUdio Alvarenga de; Barnabe, Alexandre Hyppolito (2002). "Analysis of some normal parameters of the spermiogram of captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758 )". Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science. 39. doi:10.1590/S1413-95962002000600010.
  9. ^ Young WJ, Merz T, Ferguson-Smith MA, Johnston AW (1960). "Chromosome number of the chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes". Science. 131 (3414): 1672–3. Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1672Y. doi:10.1126/science.131.3414.1672. PMID 13846659. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ a b http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=3180kk1kk0873012&size=largest
  11. ^ Lindblad-Toh K, Wade CM, Mikkelsen TS; et al. (2005). "Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog". Nature. 438 (7069): 803–19. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..803L. doi:10.1038/nature04338. PMID 16341006. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/dog/
  13. ^ Guttenbach M, Nanda I, Feichtinger W, Masabanda JS, Griffin DK, Schmid M (2003). "Comparative chromosome painting of chicken autosomal paints 1-9 in nine different bird species". Cytogenetics and Genome Research. 103 (1–2): 173–84. doi:10.1159/000076309. PMID 15004483.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ "Drosophila Genome Project". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
  15. ^ T.J. Robinson, F. Yang, W.R. Harrison (2002). "Chromosome painting refines the history of genome evolution in hares and rabbits (order Lagomorpha)". Cytogenics and Genetic Research. 96: 223–227. doi:10.1159/000063034. PMID 12438803.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ "Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan". pp. 61–94. {{cite web}}: |section= ignored (help)
  17. ^ "Human Genome Project". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
  18. ^ Liang, X (2004). "[Karyotype analysis of Physalis pubescens chromosome](article in Chinese)". Zhong Yao Cai. 27 (4): 238–239. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  19. ^ a b Crosland, M.W.J., Crozier, R.H. (1986). "Myrmecia pilosula, an ant with only one pair of chromosomes". Science. 231 (4743): 1278. Bibcode:1986Sci...231.1278C. doi:10.1126/science.231.4743.1278. PMID 17839565.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Rofe, R. H. (1978). "G-banded chromosomes and the evolution of macropodidae". Australian mammology. 2: 50–63. ISSN 0310-0049. Retrieved July 15, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  21. ^ a b Francesco Giannelli; Hall, Jeffrey C.; Dunlap, Jay C.; Friedmann, Theodore (1999). Advances in Genetics, Volume 41 (Advances in Genetics). Boston: Academic Press. p. 2. ISBN 0-12-017641-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Warren; et al. (2008). "Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution" (PDF). Nature. 453 (7192). doi:10.1038/nature06936. PMC 2803040. PMID 18464734. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  23. ^ Perelman PL, Graphodatsky AS, Dragoo JW, Serdyukova NA, Stone G, Cavagna P, Menotti A, Nie W, O'Brien PC, Wang J, Burkett S, Yuki K, Roelke ME, O'Brien SJ, Yang F, Stanyon R (2008). "Chromosome painting shows that skunks (Mephitidae, Carnivora) have highly rearranged karyotypes". Chromosome Res. 16 (8): 1215–31. doi:10.1007/s10577-008-1270-2. PMID 19051045. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267682/
  25. ^ Heiser, Charles B. (1948). "Chromosome Number, Polyploidy, and Growth Habit in California Weeds". American Journal of Botany. 35 (3): 179–186. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Hosseini S-J, Elahi E, Raie RM (2004). "The Chromosome Number of the Persian Gulf Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus". Iranian Int. J. Sci. 5 (1): 13–23. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ "First of six chromosomes sequenced in Dictyostelium discoideum". Genome News Network. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
  28. ^ Muhammad L Aslam, John WM Bastiaansen, Richard PMA Crooijmans, Addie Vereijken, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Martien AM Groenen. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2164-11-647.pdf. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |Journal= ignored (|journal= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Title= ignored (|title= suggested) (help); line feed character in |Title= at position 45 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ Biggers JD, Fritz HI, Hare WC, McFeely RA (1965). "Chromosomes of American Marsupials". Science. 148 (3677): 1602–3. Bibcode:1965Sci...148.1602B. doi:10.1126/science.148.3677.1602. PMID 14287602. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links/sources

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