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'''Karel Styblo''', MD, (1921 – March 13, 1998) was born in Czechoslovakia.<ref name=Walton>{{cite journal | author= Walton, John |title= Karel Styblo |journal= BMJ |date= December 5, 1998 |volume= 317 |issue= 7171 |page= 1596 |pmc= 1114410}}</ref> Toward the end of World War II he was imprisoned at the [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp]] in Austria, and it was there that he contracted [[tuberculosis]] (TB).<ref name= StopTB>{{cite web |url= http://www.stoptb.org/assets/documents/events/meetings/partners_forum/2001/tb50_50.pdf |format= PDF |publisher= World Health Organization |work= Stop TB Partnership |date = 2001 |title= Partners forum: 50-50 |accessdate= 28 March 2012}}</ref> After his recovery and release, Styblo entered [[Charles University in Prague]], graduating in 1950 with a medical degree, followed by five years of postgraduate study at the Tuberculosis Research Institute.{{cn}}
'''Karel Styblo''', MD, (1921 – March 13, 1998) was born in Czechoslovakia.<ref name=Walton>{{cite journal | author= Walton, John |title= Karel Styblo |journal= BMJ |date= December 5, 1998 |volume= 317 |issue= 7171 |page= 1596 |pmc= 1114410}}</ref> Toward the end of World War II he was imprisoned at the [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp]] in Austria, and it was there that he contracted [[tuberculosis]] (TB).<ref name= StopTB>{{cite web |url= http://www.stoptb.org/assets/documents/events/meetings/partners_forum/2001/tb50_50.pdf |format= PDF |publisher= World Health Organization |work= Stop TB Partnership |date = 2001 |title= Partners forum: 50-50 |accessdate= 28 March 2012}}</ref> After his recovery and release, Styblo entered [[Charles University in Prague]], graduating in 1950 with a medical degree, followed by five years of postgraduate study at the Tuberculosis Research Institute.{{cn}}


Styblo's life's work was to develop, pioneer, and demonstrate the "proof of principle" for the strategy presently used to control TB by the [[World Bank]] and promulgated by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO). Called [[Directly Observed Therapy – Short Course]] (DOTS),<ref name=Lancet>{{cite journal | title= News in brief | journal = The Lancet |volume = 351 |issue= 9106 |page= 890 |date= 21 March 1998 |doi= 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70308-1 |url = http://www.lancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)70308-1/fulltext}}</ref> this TB therapy revolutionized the fight to control TB throughout the world.<ref name=Murray>{{cite journal |author=Murray JF |title=A century of tuberculosis |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=169 |issue=11 |pages=1181–6 |year=2004 |month=June |pmid=15161611 |doi=10.1164/rccm.200402-140OE |url= http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/content/169/11/1181.full}}</ref><ref name=Coworker/> According to WHO, between 1995 and 2010, 55 million people with TB were identified and treated under programs that had adopted the DOTS strategy, and 46 million were "successfully treated". These treatments are estimated to have saved 7&nbsp;million lives.{{cn}}
Styblo studied under John Crofton at the [[University of Edinburgh]], Scotland, in the 1950s.<ref name=Walton/><ref name=StopTB/> Crofton inspired the young Styblo with the possibility of tuberculosis control, working to eliminate the disease using a treatment method involving administration of a combined therapy, a "cocktail" of TB drugs that were directly administered. This therapy had been shown to be effective against TB disease through various clinical trials sponsored by the [[Medical Research Council (UK)]] and the [[United States Public Health Service]].{{cn}} Called [[Directly Observed Therapy – Short Course]] (DOTS),<ref name=Lancet>{{cite journal | title= News in brief | journal = The Lancet |volume = 351 |issue= 9106 |page= 890 |date= 21 March 1998 |doi= 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70308-1 |url = http://www.lancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)70308-1/fulltext}}</ref> this TB therapy revolutionized the fight to control TB throughout the world.<ref name=Murray>{{cite journal |author=Murray JF |title=A century of tuberculosis |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=169 |issue=11 |pages=1181–6 |year=2004 |month=June |pmid=15161611 |doi=10.1164/rccm.200402-140OE |url= http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/content/169/11/1181.full}}</ref><ref name=Coworker/> The DOTS protocol ensured that patients had access to the necessary medications and finished their courses of treatment until the TB bacteria were fully eliminated from their bodies.


Styblo studied under John Crofton at the [[University of Edinburgh]], Scotland, in the 1950s.<ref name=Walton/><ref name=StopTB/> Crofton inspired the young Styblo with the possibility of tuberculosis control, working to eliminate the disease using a treatment method involving administration of a combined therapy, a "cocktail" of TB drugs that were directly administered. This therapy had been shown to be effective against TB disease through various clinical trials sponsored by the [[Medical Research Council (UK)]] and the [[United States Public Health Service]]. The treatment cocktail is necessary because many strains of TB are [[drug resistance|resistant]] to any one drug. The DOTS protocol ensured that patients had access to the necessary medications and finished their courses of treatment until the TB bacteria were fully eliminated from their bodies. Styblo applied this methodology to the national TB control programs of Tanzania, Benin, Malawi, Mozambique, Nicaragua;<ref name=Walton/> DOTS has been described as the "most effective means of controlling the current tuberculosis epidemic" and had been applied on over 90 countries as of 2001.<ref name=Coworker/> WHO's "Stop TB-Use DOTS" slogan is a tribute to the lifelong work of Styblo.
Styblo's life's work was to develop, pioneer, and demonstrate the "proof of principle" for the DOTS strategy used to control TB by the [[World Bank]] and promulgated by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO).<ref name=Obermeyer>{{cite journal |author=Obermeyer Z, Abbott-Klafter J, Murray CJ |title=Has the DOTS strategy improved case finding or treatment success? An empirical assessment |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=e1721 |year=2008 |pmid=18320042 |pmc=2253827 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0001721 }}</ref> According to WHO, between 1995 and 2010, 55 million people with TB were identified and treated under programs that had adopted the DOTS strategy, and 46 million were "successfully treated". These treatments are estimated to have saved 7&nbsp;million lives.{{cn}} DOTS has been employed by 187 of the 193 members of WHO as of 2008.<ref name=Obermeyer/> Styblo applied this methodology to the national TB control programs of Tanzania, Benin, Malawi, Mozambique, Nicaragua,<ref name=Walton/> and China;<ref name=Obermeyer/> DOTS has been described as the "most effective means of controlling the current tuberculosis epidemic" and had been applied on over 90 countries as of 2001.<ref name=Coworker/> WHO's "Stop TB-Use DOTS" slogan is a tribute to the lifelong work of Styblo.


Styblo was responsible for a guiding [[epidemiology|epidemiological]] rule of thumb for TB known as "Styblo's rule", which stated that "an annual incidence of 50 sputum-smear-positive TB cases in a population of 100,000 generates an annual risk of infection of 1%".<ref name= Dye> {{cite journal |author = Dye, Christopher | url= http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/bwho/v86n1/04.pdf |format= PDF |title= Breaking a law: tuberculosis disobeys Styblo's rule |journal= Bull World Health Organ [online] |year= 2008 |volume=86 |issue= 1 | page= 4 |issn= 0042-9686}}</ref>
Styblo was responsible for a guiding [[epidemiology|epidemiological]] rule of thumb for TB known as "Styblo's rule", which stated that "an annual incidence of 50 sputum-smear-positive TB cases in a population of 100,000 generates an annual risk of infection of 1%".<ref name= Dye> {{cite journal |author = Dye, Christopher | url= http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/bwho/v86n1/04.pdf |format= PDF |title= Breaking a law: tuberculosis disobeys Styblo's rule |journal= Bull World Health Organ [online] |year= 2008 |volume=86 |issue= 1 | page= 4 |issn= 0042-9686}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:37, 28 March 2012

Karel Styblo, MD, (1921 – March 13, 1998) was born in Czechoslovakia.[1] Toward the end of World War II he was imprisoned at the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp in Austria, and it was there that he contracted tuberculosis (TB).[2] After his recovery and release, Styblo entered Charles University in Prague, graduating in 1950 with a medical degree, followed by five years of postgraduate study at the Tuberculosis Research Institute.[citation needed]

Styblo studied under John Crofton at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, in the 1950s.[1][2] Crofton inspired the young Styblo with the possibility of tuberculosis control, working to eliminate the disease using a treatment method involving administration of a combined therapy, a "cocktail" of TB drugs that were directly administered. This therapy had been shown to be effective against TB disease through various clinical trials sponsored by the Medical Research Council (UK) and the United States Public Health Service.[citation needed] Called Directly Observed Therapy – Short Course (DOTS),[3] this TB therapy revolutionized the fight to control TB throughout the world.[4][5] The DOTS protocol ensured that patients had access to the necessary medications and finished their courses of treatment until the TB bacteria were fully eliminated from their bodies.

Styblo's life's work was to develop, pioneer, and demonstrate the "proof of principle" for the DOTS strategy used to control TB by the World Bank and promulgated by the World Health Organization (WHO).[6] According to WHO, between 1995 and 2010, 55 million people with TB were identified and treated under programs that had adopted the DOTS strategy, and 46 million were "successfully treated". These treatments are estimated to have saved 7 million lives.[citation needed] DOTS has been employed by 187 of the 193 members of WHO as of 2008.[6] Styblo applied this methodology to the national TB control programs of Tanzania, Benin, Malawi, Mozambique, Nicaragua,[1] and China;[6] DOTS has been described as the "most effective means of controlling the current tuberculosis epidemic" and had been applied on over 90 countries as of 2001.[5] WHO's "Stop TB-Use DOTS" slogan is a tribute to the lifelong work of Styblo.

Styblo was responsible for a guiding epidemiological rule of thumb for TB known as "Styblo's rule", which stated that "an annual incidence of 50 sputum-smear-positive TB cases in a population of 100,000 generates an annual risk of infection of 1%".[7]

Styblo was a recipient of the Gold Medal award of the Robert Koch Prizes,[8] and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD) instituted the Karel Styblo Public Health Prize after his death.[9][5]

Styblo died on March 13, 1998 at the age of 76. His wife, Lida, predeceased him.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Walton, John (December 5, 1998). "Karel Styblo". BMJ. 317 (7171): 1596. PMC 1114410.
  2. ^ a b "Partners forum: 50-50" (PDF). Stop TB Partnership. World Health Organization. 2001. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  3. ^ "News in brief". The Lancet. 351 (9106): 890. 21 March 1998. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70308-1.
  4. ^ Murray JF (2004). "A century of tuberculosis". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169 (11): 1181–6. doi:10.1164/rccm.200402-140OE. PMID 15161611. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ^ a b c "TDR co-worker awarded for contribution to TB control" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2001. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  6. ^ a b c Obermeyer Z, Abbott-Klafter J, Murray CJ (2008). "Has the DOTS strategy improved case finding or treatment success? An empirical assessment". PLoS ONE. 3 (3): e1721. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001721. PMC 2253827. PMID 18320042.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ Dye, Christopher (2008). "Breaking a law: tuberculosis disobeys Styblo's rule" (PDF). Bull World Health Organ [online]. 86 (1): 4. ISSN 0042-9686.
  8. ^ "Holders of the Robert Koch Gold Medal". Robert Koch Foundation. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
  9. ^ "About the Union Awards". International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Retrieved March 28, 2012.. The Karel Styblo award is also mentioned here

Further reading

  • Crofton J (1991). "Karel Styblo: a personal tribute". Bull. Int. Union Tuberc. Lung Dis. 66 (4): 211–3. PMID 1813098. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • "Dr. Karel Styblo Symposium: An Emerging Global Programme Against Tuberculosis. The Hague, March 15, 1991". Bull. Int. Union Tuberc. Lung Dis. 66 (4): 139–214. 1991. PMID 1687506. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • "P61 Karel Styblo comes to town: staff perspectives on TB cohort review". Thorax. 66: A93. 2011. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054c.61.
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