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Prey:
Prey:
* ''[[Limacina antarctica]]''<ref name="Whitehead 2001">Whitehead K., Karentz D. & Hedges J. (2001). "Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in phytoplankton, a herbivorous pteropod (''Limacina helicina''), and its pteropod predator (''Clione antarctica'') in McMurdo Bay, Antarctica". ''Marine Biology'' '''139'''(5); 1013-1019. [[doi:10.1007/s002270100654]].</ref>
* ''[[Limacina antarctica]]''<ref name="Whitehead 2001">{{Cite doi|10.1007/s002270100654|noedit}}</ref>


''Clione antarctica'' have large lipid storage up to 5% of its wet mass.<ref name="Siebel 2003">Seibel B. A. & Dierssen H. M. (2003). "Cascading trophic impacts of reduced biomass in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Just the tip of the iceberg?" ''[[Biological Bulletin]]'' '''205''' 93-97. [http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/full/205/2/93 HTM], {{PMID|14583506}}.<!--[http://colors.uconn.edu/pubs/Seibel_and_Dierssen_2003.pdf PDF].--></ref> It can survive without food only from its lipid storage reserves for about six months.<ref name="Siebel 2003"/>
''Clione antarctica'' have large lipid storage up to 5% of its wet mass.<ref name="Siebel 2003">{{cite PMID|14583506|noedit}}.<!--[http://colors.uconn.edu/pubs/Seibel_and_Dierssen_2003.pdf PDF].--></ref> It can survive without food only from its lipid storage reserves for about six months.<ref name="Siebel 2003"/>


''Clione antarctica'' lays eggs at spring.<ref name="Siebel 2003"/>
''Clione antarctica'' lays eggs at spring.<ref name="Siebel 2003"/>


It is eaten itself by the [[Medusa (biology)|medusa]] ''[[Diplulmaris antarctica]]''.<ref name="Larson 1990">Larson R. J. & Harbison G. R. (1990). "Medusae from Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, ''Leuckartiara brownei'' and ''Benthocodon hyalinus''". ''Polar Biology'' '''11'''(1): 19-25. [[doi:10.1007/BF00236517]].</ref>
It is eaten itself by the [[Medusa (biology)|medusa]] ''[[Diplulmaris antarctica]]''.<ref name="Larson 1990">{{Cite doi|10.1007/BF00236517|noedit}}</ref>


It defends itself from predators by synthesizing an ichthyodeterrent (= deterring fishes) compound, a previously unknown molecule, named [[pteroenone]].{{fact|date=January 2011}} It acts as guest for the hyperiid [[Amphipoda|amphipod]] ''[[Hyperiella dilatata]]'', which takes advantage of the protection offered.{{fact|date=January 2011}}
It defends itself from predators by synthesizing an ichthyodeterrent (= deterring fishes) compound, a previously unknown molecule, named [[pteroenone]].{{fact|date=January 2011}} It acts as guest for the hyperiid [[Amphipoda|amphipod]] ''[[Hyperiella dilatata]]'', which takes advantage of the protection offered.{{fact|date=January 2011}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 50: Line 50:
* Bryan P. J., Yoshida W. Y., McClintock J. B. & Baker B. J. (1995). "Ecological role for pteroenone, a novel antifeedant from the conspicuous antarctic pteropod ''Clione antarctica'' (Gymnosomata: Gastropoda)". ''Marine Biology'' '''122''': 271-277.
* Bryan P. J., Yoshida W. Y., McClintock J. B. & Baker B. J. (1995). "Ecological role for pteroenone, a novel antifeedant from the conspicuous antarctic pteropod ''Clione antarctica'' (Gymnosomata: Gastropoda)". ''Marine Biology'' '''122''': 271-277.
* Gilmer R. W. & Lalli C. M. (1990). "Bipolar variation in ''Clione'', a gymnosomatous pteropod". ''Am. Malacol. Union Bull.'' '''8'''(1): 67-75.
* Gilmer R. W. & Lalli C. M. (1990). "Bipolar variation in ''Clione'', a gymnosomatous pteropod". ''Am. Malacol. Union Bull.'' '''8'''(1): 67-75.
* {{cite doi|10.1002/chin.200532193|noedit}}
* Nakamura Y, Kiyota H., Baker B. J. & Kuwahara S. (2005). "First Synthesis of (+)-Pteroenone: A Defensive Metabolite of the Abducted Antarctic Pteropod ''Clione antarctica''." ''ChemInform'' '''36'''(32). [[doi:10.1002/chin.200532193]].
* {{cite doi|10.1002/chin.199529325|noedit}}
* Yoshida W. Y., Bryan P. J., Baker B. J. & McClintock J. B. (1995). "Pteroenone: A Defensive Metabolite of the Abducted Antarctic Pteropod ''Clione antarctica''". ''[[Journal of Organic Chemistry]]'' '''60''': 780-782. [[doi:10.1002/chin.199529325]].


[[Category:Clionidae]]
[[Category:Clionidae]]

Revision as of 18:08, 21 May 2012

Clione antarctica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia

clade Euthyneura
clade Euopisthobranchia

clade Gymnosomata
Superfamily:
Clionoidea
Family:
Clionidae
Subfamily:
Clioninae
Genus:
Clione
Species:
C. antarctica
Binomial name
Clione antarctica
(Smith, 1902)

Clione antarctica is a species of a pelagic marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clionidae.

Distribution

Distribution of Clione antarctica include Southern Hemisphere in polar waters of Antarctica.[1][2]

Description

Length: 4.2 cm.[citation needed]

Ecology

This species is an important component of polar ecosystems.

Prey:

Clione antarctica have large lipid storage up to 5% of its wet mass.[3] It can survive without food only from its lipid storage reserves for about six months.[3]

Clione antarctica lays eggs at spring.[3]

It is eaten itself by the medusa Diplulmaris antarctica.[4]

It defends itself from predators by synthesizing an ichthyodeterrent (= deterring fishes) compound, a previously unknown molecule, named pteroenone.[citation needed] It acts as guest for the hyperiid amphipod Hyperiella dilatata, which takes advantage of the protection offered.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s002270100654, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s002270100654 instead.
  2. ^ Rudman W. B. (11 January 2006). "Clione antarctica (Smith, 1902)". Sea Slug Forum. accessed 2 February 2011.
  3. ^ a b c Template:Cite PMID.
  4. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/BF00236517, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/BF00236517 instead.

External links

  • Bryan P. J., Yoshida W. Y., McClintock J. B. & Baker B. J. (1995). "Ecological role for pteroenone, a novel antifeedant from the conspicuous antarctic pteropod Clione antarctica (Gymnosomata: Gastropoda)". Marine Biology 122: 271-277.
  • Gilmer R. W. & Lalli C. M. (1990). "Bipolar variation in Clione, a gymnosomatous pteropod". Am. Malacol. Union Bull. 8(1): 67-75.
  • Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/chin.200532193, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/chin.200532193 instead.
  • Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/chin.199529325, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/chin.199529325 instead.
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