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'''Misophonia''', literally “hatred of sound”, is a form of decreased sound tolerance. It is believed{{by whom|date=January 2013}} to be a neurological disorder characterized by negative experiences resulting only from specific sounds, whether loud or soft.<ref>{{cite web |title=Decreased Sound Tolerance: Hypersensitivity of Hearing |author=Jonathan Hazell |publisher=Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre, London UK |url=http://www.tinnitus.org/home/frame/hyp1.htm |accessdate= February 5, 2012}}</ref> The term was coined by American [[neuroscientist]]s Pawel Jastreboff and Margaret Jastreboff.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Tinnitis retraining therapy for patients with tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance |authors=Pawel J. Jastreboff, Margaret M. Jastreboff |journal=Otolaryngol Clin |date=April 2003 |volume=36(2) |pages=321–36 |pmid=12856300}}</ref> The term is often used interchangeably with the term '''selective sound sensitivity'''.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1136/jnnp-2012-303538.20}}</ref>
'''Misophonia''', literally “hatred of sound”, is a form of decreased sound tolerance. It is believed<ref>{{cite web|title=Sensory modulation in misophonia|url=www.sfn.org/am2012/pdf/abstracts/MON_Poster_AM.pdf#page=1042|work=Program No. 367.07. 2012 Neuroscience Meeting Planner|publisher=New Orleans, LA: Society for Neuroscience|accessdate=27 January 2013|author=M. Edelstein, D. Brang, V. S. Ramachandran|page=1042|format=PDF|year=2012}}</ref> to be a neurological disorder characterized by negative experiences resulting only from specific sounds, whether loud or soft.<ref>{{cite web |title=Decreased Sound Tolerance: Hypersensitivity of Hearing |author=Jonathan Hazell |publisher=Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre, London UK |url=http://www.tinnitus.org/home/frame/hyp1.htm |accessdate= February 5, 2012}}</ref> The term was coined by American [[neuroscientist]]s Pawel Jastreboff and Margaret Jastreboff.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Tinnitis retraining therapy for patients with tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance |authors=Pawel J. Jastreboff, Margaret M. Jastreboff |journal=Otolaryngol Clin |date=April 2003 |volume=36(2) |pages=321–36 |pmid=12856300}}</ref> The term is often used interchangeably with the term '''selective sound sensitivity'''.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1136/jnnp-2012-303538.20}}</ref>


Unlike [[hyperacusis]], misophonia is specific for certain sounds. Little is known about the anatomical location of the physiological abnormality that causes such symptoms but it is most likely high [[central nervous system]] structures.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hearing, Second Edition: Anatomy, Physiology, and Disorders of the Auditory System |author=Aage R. Møller |publisher=Academic Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-12-372519-6}}</ref> It has been speculated that the anatomical location may be more central than that involved in [[hyperacusis]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Textbook of Tinnitis, part 1 |author=Aage R. Møller |year=2001 |pages=25–27 |doi=10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5_4 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/gl87436l77336151/ |accessdate=February 5, 2012}}</ref>
Unlike [[hyperacusis]], misophonia is specific for certain sounds. Little is known about the anatomical location of the physiological abnormality that causes such symptoms but it is most likely high [[central nervous system]] structures.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hearing, Second Edition: Anatomy, Physiology, and Disorders of the Auditory System |author=Aage R. Møller |publisher=Academic Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-12-372519-6}}</ref> It has been speculated that the anatomical location may be more central than that involved in [[hyperacusis]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Textbook of Tinnitis, part 1 |author=Aage R. Møller |year=2001 |pages=25–27 |doi=10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5_4 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/gl87436l77336151/ |accessdate=February 5, 2012}}</ref>

The emotional reaction to sound characteristic of misophonia is a respondent behavior.<ref>Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: an experimental analysis. Oxford, England: Appleton-Century.</ref> A respondent behavior is elicited by a stimulus; an unconditioned response is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus. An example of this is a reflex such as the blink reflex, or pain or fear. With repeated pairings of a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus will elicit a physiological response similar to that elicited by the paired stimulus. When that happens, the neutral stimulus has become a "conditioned stimulus," and the reflex response is called a "conditioned response." In the case of misophonia, the respondent behavior elicited by the sound is often limited to or significantly stronger in specific individuals, supporting the premise that reaction to sound by a person with misophonia is a conditioned respondent behavior.


==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==
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==Prevalence and comorbidity==
==Prevalence and comorbidity==
The prevalence of misophonia is currently unknown but groups of people identifying with the condition suggest it is more common than previously recognized.<ref name=Hadjipavlou>{{cite journal |title=Selective Sound Intolerance and Emotional Distress: What Every Clinician Should Hear |authors=George Hadjipavlou, MD, MA, Susan Baer, MD, PhD, Amanda Lau and Andrew Howard, MD |journal=Psychosomatic Medicine |volume=70 |pages=739–40 |publisher=American Psychosomatic Society |year=2008 |url=http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/content/70/6/739.short |accessdate=February 2012}}</ref> Among patients with [[tinnitus]], which is prevalent in 4-5% of the general population,<ref>{{cite web |title=Components of decreased sound tolerance : hyperacusis, misophonia, phonophobia |author=Jastreboff, P., Jastreboff, M. |date=July 2, 2001 |url=http://www.tinnitus.org/home/frame/DST_NL2_PJMJ.pdf |accessdate = February 5, 2012}}</ref> some surveys report prevalence as high as 60%<ref name=Hadjipavlou/> while prevalence in a 2010 study was measured at 10%.<ref>{{cite journal |title=DPOAE in estimation of the function of the cochlea in tinnitus patients with normal hearing. |authors=Sztuka A, Pospiech L, Gawron W, Dudek K. |journal=Auris Nasus Larynx |year=2010 |volume=37(1) |pages=55–60 |pmid=19560298}}</ref>
The prevalence of misophonia is currently unknown but groups of people identifying with the condition suggest it is more common than previously recognized.<ref name=Hadjipavlou>{{cite journal |title=Selective Sound Intolerance and Emotional Distress: What Every Clinician Should Hear |authors=George Hadjipavlou, MD, MA, Susan Baer, MD, PhD, Amanda Lau and Andrew Howard, MD |journal=Psychosomatic Medicine |volume=70 |pages=739–40 |publisher=American Psychosomatic Society |year=2008 |url=http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/content/70/6/739.short |accessdate=February 2012}}</ref> Among patients with [[tinnitus]], which is prevalent in 4-5% of the general population,<ref>{{cite web |title=Components of decreased sound tolerance : hyperacusis, misophonia, phonophobia |author=Jastreboff, P., Jastreboff, M. |date=July 2, 2001 |url=http://www.tinnitus.org/home/frame/DST_NL2_PJMJ.pdf |accessdate = February 5, 2012}}</ref> some surveys report prevalence as high as 60%<ref name=Hadjipavlou/> while prevalence in a 2010 study was measured at 10%.<ref>{{cite journal |title=DPOAE in estimation of the function of the cochlea in tinnitus patients with normal hearing. |authors=Sztuka A, Pospiech L, Gawron W, Dudek K. |journal=Auris Nasus Larynx |year=2010 |volume=37(1) |pages=55–60 |pmid=19560298}}</ref>

A Dutch study published in 2013<ref>{{cite doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0054706 |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0054706}}</ref> with a sample of 42 patients with misophonia found a low incidence for most psychiatric disorders, the exception being [[Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder]] (52.4%).


==See also==
==See also==
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* http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20090713/misophonia_sounds_090713/20090713
* http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20090713/misophonia_sounds_090713/20090713
* [http://www.rosekivi.com/survey.html Misophonia & Sound Sensitivity Survey]
* [http://www.rosekivi.com/survey.html Misophonia & Sound Sensitivity Survey]
* [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0054706 Misophonia: Diagnostic Criteria for a New Psychiatric Disorder]
* http://www.misophonia.us
* [http://www.misophonia.us Proposed behavioral treatment]

[[Category:Diseases of the ear and mastoid process]]
[[Category:Diseases of the ear and mastoid process]]


Revision as of 05:27, 27 January 2013

Misophonia, literally “hatred of sound”, is a form of decreased sound tolerance. It is believed[1] to be a neurological disorder characterized by negative experiences resulting only from specific sounds, whether loud or soft.[2] The term was coined by American neuroscientists Pawel Jastreboff and Margaret Jastreboff.[3] The term is often used interchangeably with the term selective sound sensitivity.[4]

Unlike hyperacusis, misophonia is specific for certain sounds. Little is known about the anatomical location of the physiological abnormality that causes such symptoms but it is most likely high central nervous system structures.[5] It has been speculated that the anatomical location may be more central than that involved in hyperacusis.[6]

Symptoms

People who have misophonia are most commonly annoyed, or even enraged, by such ordinary sounds as other people clipping their nails, brushing teeth, eating, breathing, sniffing, talking, sneezing, yawning, walking, chewing gum, snoring or coughing; certain consonants; or repetitive sounds.[7] Intense anxiety and avoidant behavior may develop, which can lead to decreased socialization. Some people may feel the compulsion to mimic what they hear.[8]

Prevalence and comorbidity

The prevalence of misophonia is currently unknown but groups of people identifying with the condition suggest it is more common than previously recognized.[8] Among patients with tinnitus, which is prevalent in 4-5% of the general population,[9] some surveys report prevalence as high as 60%[8] while prevalence in a 2010 study was measured at 10%.[10]

A Dutch study published in 2013[11] with a sample of 42 patients with misophonia found a low incidence for most psychiatric disorders, the exception being Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (52.4%).

See also

References

  1. ^ M. Edelstein, D. Brang, V. S. Ramachandran (2012). [www.sfn.org/am2012/pdf/abstracts/MON_Poster_AM.pdf#page=1042 "Sensory modulation in misophonia"] (PDF). Program No. 367.07. 2012 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. New Orleans, LA: Society for Neuroscience. p. 1042. Retrieved 27 January 2013. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Jonathan Hazell. "Decreased Sound Tolerance: Hypersensitivity of Hearing". Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre, London UK. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  3. ^ "Tinnitis retraining therapy for patients with tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance". Otolaryngol Clin. 36(2): 321–36. April 2003. PMID 12856300. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  4. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-303538.20, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1136/jnnp-2012-303538.20 instead.
  5. ^ Aage R. Møller (2006). Hearing, Second Edition: Anatomy, Physiology, and Disorders of the Auditory System. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-372519-6.
  6. ^ Aage R. Møller (2001). Textbook of Tinnitis, part 1. pp. 25–27. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5_4. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  7. ^ Joyce Cohen (September 5, 2011). "When a Chomp or a Slurp is a Trigger for Outrage". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  8. ^ a b c "Selective Sound Intolerance and Emotional Distress: What Every Clinician Should Hear". Psychosomatic Medicine. 70. American Psychosomatic Society: 739–40. 2008. Retrieved February 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  9. ^ Jastreboff, P., Jastreboff, M. (July 2, 2001). "Components of decreased sound tolerance : hyperacusis, misophonia, phonophobia" (PDF). Retrieved February 5, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ "DPOAE in estimation of the function of the cochlea in tinnitus patients with normal hearing". Auris Nasus Larynx. 37(1): 55–60. 2010. PMID 19560298. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  11. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054706 , please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0054706 instead.

External links

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