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| name = Rice stripe virus (RSV)
| name = Rice stripe virus (RSV)
| virus_group = v and ambisense
| virus_group = v and ambisense
| familia = [[unassigned]]
| familia = unassigned
| genus = [[Tenuivirus]]
| genus = [[Tenuivirus]]
| species = Rice stripe virus
| species = Rice stripe virus
| synonyms =
}}
}}
[[File:Laodelphax striatellus adult female left and short winged f right by S. Toriyama.jpg|thumb|Adult planthopper females (Laodelphax striatellus)]]


'''Rice stripe virus (RSV)''' is an RNA plant pathogen of the genus [[Tenuivirus]]<ref name= "xiong"> Xiong (2008) </ref>. RSV is prevalent in [[Japan]], [[China]], and [[Korea]] and can infect plants of the family [[Poaceae]], which include wheat and corn (see [[wheat stripe virus]] and [[maize stripe virus]])<ref name="wei">Wei (2009)</ref>. Damage from this disease causes major rice crop yield every year <ref name="wei"/>.
'''Rice stripe virus (RSV)''' is a plant pathogenic virus of the genus [[Tenuivirus]].

It is spread primarily by [[Laodelphax striatellus]], a small [[planthopper]] that feeds and damages rice plants by sap-sucking<ref name="zhang"> Zhang (2010)</ref>. Three other planthopper insects that transmit RSV include [[Unkanodes sapporona]], [[Unkanodoes albifascia]], and [[Terthron albovittatum]]. The virus propagates in the planthopper and is passed down to 90% of a female's eggs<ref name= "gingery"> Gingery (1983)</ref>.










==Symptoms==
[[File:Chlorotic stripe and blotches on infected leaves, healthy on bottom by S. Toriyama.jpg|thumb|Chlorotic stripe patterns and blotches on infected rice leaves, healthy leave on bottom]]

Typical symptoms of RSV include chlorotic or pale yellow stripes, blotches, and dead tissue streaks on the leaves<ref name="castilla">Castilla (2009)</ref>. Severe infections cause grey necrotic streaks and result in the death of the plant<ref name="rice"/>.
=== Young Plants ===
Affected seedlings are stunted in growth with virtually no production and display twisted, folded, drooped, and wilted leaves. They are likely to die prematurely<ref name="castilla"/>.

=== Mature Plants ===
Mature plants infected do not have severe chlorosis or blotches, but ripening may be hindered<ref name="castilla" />.


==Structure==
[[File:Rice Stripe Virus by S. Toriyama.jpg|thumb|Rice Stripe Virus in ((NH4) 2SO4) salts]]

The virus is made up of four [[ssRNA]] segments, seven [[open reading frame|open reading frames]]<ref name="wei"/>, a [[nucleocapsid|nucleocapsid protein]], and an [[RNA polymerase|RNA polymerase protein]]. It is 8nm in diameter<ref name="xiong"/> and 500-2000nm long<ref name="rice">"Rice Stripe Virus" (2000)</ref>.
*RNA 1: This is the largest ssRNA segment with 8970 nucleotides<ref name= "gingery"/>. RNA 1 is [[negative sense]] and encodes a protein that is part of the RNA polymerase.
*RNA 2 and RNA 4: These strands are [[ambisense]].
*RNA 3: Encodes for [[gene silencing]] suppressor proteins and nucleocapsid proteins. <ref name="wei"/>


==Epidemics==
The RSV was first recorded in a 1963 epidemic in the Jiangsu-Zhejian-Shanghai district.
==Prevention==

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==

* {{cite web|last=Castilla|first=NP|title=Rice Stripe|url=http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/rkb/pest-management-fact-sheets/diseases/rice-stripe.html|publisher=International Rice Research Institute|accessdate=25 January 2013|coauthors=S. Savary, A. Sparks, IR Choi|year=2009}}

*{{cite journal|last=Gingery|first=Roy|coauthors=Lowell Nault, Shuichi Yamashita|title=Relationship Between Maize Stripe Virus and Rice Stripe Virus|journal=Journal of General Virology|date=23|year=1983|month=March|volume=64|pages=1765-1770|accessdate=4 February 2013}}

*{{cite web|title=Rice Stripe Virus|url=http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=375|publisher=Rothamsted Research|accessdate=25 January 2013|month=June|year=2000}}

*{{cite journal|last=Toriyama|first=Shigemitsu|coauthors=Mami Takahashi, Yoshitaka Sano, Takumi Shimizu, Akira Ishihama|title=Nucleotide sequence of RNA 1, the largest genomic segment of rice stripe virus, the prototype of the tenuiviruses|journal=Journal of General Virology|year=1994|volume=75|pages=3569-3579|url=http://vir.sgmjournals.org/content/75/12/3569.long}}

*{{cite journal|last=Wei|first=Tai-Yun|coauthors=Jin-Guang Yang, Fu-Long Liao, Fang-Luan Gao, Lian-Ming Lu, Xiao-Ting Zhang, Fan Li, Zu-Jian Wu, Qi-Yin Lin, Lian-Hui Xie, Han-Xin Lin|title=Genetic diversity and population structure of rice stripe virus in China|journal=Journal of General Virology|date=29 December 2008|volume=90|pages=1025-1034|url=http://vir.sgmjournals.org/content/90/4/1025.full.pdf|accessdate=4 February 2013}}

*{{cite journal|last=Xiong|first=Ruyi|coauthors=Jianxiang Wu, Yijun Zhou, Xueping Zhou|title=Identification of a Movement Protein of the Tenuvirus Rice Stripe Virus|journal=Journal of Virology|year=2008|volume=82|issue=24|pages=12304-2311|url=http://jvi.asm.org/content/82/24/12304.full.pdf|accessdate=25 January 2013}}

*{{cite news|last=Zhang|first=Fugie|title=Massively Parallel Pyrosequencing-based Transcriptome Analyses of Small Brown Planthopper (Laodelphax Striatellus), a Vector Insect Transmitting Rice Stripe Virus (RSV)|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2164-11-303.pdf|accessdate=25 January 2013|newspaper=BMC Genomics|date=13 May 2010|author2=Hongyan Guo|author3=Tong Zhou|author4=Yijun Zhou|author5=Shengyue Wang}}


==External links==
*[http://phene.cpmc.columbia.edu/ICTVdB/00.088.0.01.003.htm ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Rice stripe virus]
*[http://www.virology.net/Big_Virology/BVFamilyGroup.html Family Groups - The Baltimore Method]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rice Stripe Virus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rice Stripe Virus}}

Revision as of 09:25, 5 February 2013

Rice stripe virus (RSV)
Virus classification
Group:
v and ambisense
Family:
unassigned
Genus:
Tenuivirus
Species:
Rice stripe virus
File:Laodelphax striatellus adult female left and short winged f right by S. Toriyama.jpg
Adult planthopper females (Laodelphax striatellus)

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is an RNA plant pathogen of the genus Tenuivirus[1]. RSV is prevalent in Japan, China, and Korea and can infect plants of the family Poaceae, which include wheat and corn (see wheat stripe virus and maize stripe virus)[2]. Damage from this disease causes major rice crop yield every year [2].

It is spread primarily by Laodelphax striatellus, a small planthopper that feeds and damages rice plants by sap-sucking[3]. Three other planthopper insects that transmit RSV include Unkanodes sapporona, Unkanodoes albifascia, and Terthron albovittatum. The virus propagates in the planthopper and is passed down to 90% of a female's eggs[4].






Symptoms

File:Chlorotic stripe and blotches on infected leaves, healthy on bottom by S. Toriyama.jpg
Chlorotic stripe patterns and blotches on infected rice leaves, healthy leave on bottom

Typical symptoms of RSV include chlorotic or pale yellow stripes, blotches, and dead tissue streaks on the leaves[5]. Severe infections cause grey necrotic streaks and result in the death of the plant[6].

Young Plants

Affected seedlings are stunted in growth with virtually no production and display twisted, folded, drooped, and wilted leaves. They are likely to die prematurely[5].

Mature Plants

Mature plants infected do not have severe chlorosis or blotches, but ripening may be hindered[5].


Structure

File:Rice Stripe Virus by S. Toriyama.jpg
Rice Stripe Virus in ((NH4) 2SO4) salts

The virus is made up of four ssRNA segments, seven open reading frames[2], a nucleocapsid protein, and an RNA polymerase protein. It is 8nm in diameter[1] and 500-2000nm long[6].

  • RNA 1: This is the largest ssRNA segment with 8970 nucleotides[4]. RNA 1 is negative sense and encodes a protein that is part of the RNA polymerase.
  • RNA 2 and RNA 4: These strands are ambisense.
  • RNA 3: Encodes for gene silencing suppressor proteins and nucleocapsid proteins. [2]


Epidemics

The RSV was first recorded in a 1963 epidemic in the Jiangsu-Zhejian-Shanghai district.

Prevention

References

  1. ^ a b Xiong (2008)
  2. ^ a b c d Wei (2009)
  3. ^ Zhang (2010)
  4. ^ a b Gingery (1983)
  5. ^ a b c Castilla (2009)
  6. ^ a b "Rice Stripe Virus" (2000)

Bibliography

  • Castilla, NP (2009). "Rice Stripe". International Rice Research Institute. Retrieved 25 January 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Gingery, Roy (23). "Relationship Between Maize Stripe Virus and Rice Stripe Virus". Journal of General Virology. 64: 1765–1770. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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