Toona sureni: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 05:40, 13 December 2013
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Toona sureni is a species of tree in the mahogany family. It is native to South Asia, Indochina, Malesia, China, and Papua New Guinea. It is commonly known as the suren toon, surian, limpaga, or the red cedar (a name also shared with various other trees). It is also sometimes known as the Indonesian mahogany. The species is a valuable timber tree.
Taxonomy
Toona sureni belongs to the toon genus Toona of the mahogany family Meliaceae.[1] It was first described by the German-Dutch botanist Carl Ludwig Blume in 1823.[2][3] It was transferred to the genus Toona in 1917 by the American botanist Elmer Drew Merrill.[4][5]
Distribution
Toona sureni is native to South Asia (India, Bhutan, and Nepal); Indochina (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand); China (Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, and Yunnan);Malesia (Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines); and Papua New Guinea.[6][7]
Names
The tree is commonly known in English as the "suren toon" (or "suren toona"), "surian", "limpaga", or the "red cedar" (sometimes "Australian red cedar").[8] It is also sometimes known as the Indonesian mahogany,[9] though it is not a true mahogany (genus Swietenia).
Local names include suren in Indonesia, ye tama in Burma, danupra in the Philippines, surian in Thailand, surian wangi in Malaysia,[8] and zi chun (紫椿) in China.[6]
Distribution and habitat
Toona sureni is native to South Asia (India, Bhutan, and Nepal); Indochina (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand); China (Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, and Yunnan);Malesia (Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines); and Papua New Guinea.[6]
They are usually found in primary forests on open hillsides, slopes, ravines, and riverbanks at an altitude of 1,200 to 2,700 m (3,900 to 8,900 ft) asl. They may sometimes be found in secondary semi-evergreen forests.[6][8]
References
- ^ "Toona sureni (Blume) Merr". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ Tropicos.org. "Swietenia sureni Blume". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ Carl Ludwig Blume (1823). Catalogus van eenige der Merkwaardigste Zoo. Batavia. p. 72.
- ^ Tropicos.org. "Toona sureni (Blume) Merr". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ Elmer Drew Merrill (1917). An interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium amboinense. Manila: Bureau of Printing. p. 305.
- ^ a b c d Peng Hua & Jennifer M. Edmonds (2008). "Toona (Endlicher) M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 131. 1846". In Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (ed.). Flora of China, Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae (PDF). Flora of China (中国植物志). Missouri Botanical Garden. pp. 112–115. ISBN 9781930723733.
- ^ ASEAN Tropical Plant Database. "Toona sureni (Blume) Merr". National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ a b c C. Orwa , A. Mutua, R. Kindt, R. Jamnadass, & S. Anthony (2009). "Toona sureni". Agroforestry Database 4.0 (PDF). World Agroforestry Centre.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Sahana Parvin, Xin-Nian ZengI, & Md. Touhidul Islam (2012). "Bioactivity of Indonesian mahogany, Toona sureni (Blume) (Meliaceae), against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)". Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 56 (3). doi:10.1590/S0085-56262012005000047.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)