Autoimmune inner ear disease: Difference between revisions
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==Symptoms== |
==Symptoms and Detection== |
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Symptoms of AIED are <ref>{{Cite web|title = Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease|url = http://www.asha.org/aud/articles/innereardisease/|website = www.asha.org|access-date = 2016-02-11}}</ref>: |
Symptoms of AIED are <ref>{{Cite web|title = Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease|url = http://www.asha.org/aud/articles/innereardisease/|website = www.asha.org|access-date = 2016-02-11}}</ref>: |
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**Degree of balance loss can change throughout the course of the disease |
**Degree of balance loss can change throughout the course of the disease |
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Since AIED symptoms are fairly common to many hearing loss disorders, it may be difficult to diagnose AIED without performing multiple medical tests. Some examples of these tests include<ref>{{Cite web|title = Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED) {{!}} American Hearing Research Foundation|url = http://american-hearing.org/disorders/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease-aied/#diagnosed|website = american-hearing.org|access-date = 2016-02-11}}</ref>: |
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The symptoms can be easily mistaken for Otitis Media. [http://vestibular.org/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease-aied] |
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* Hearing Tests for Progressive Hearing and Balance loss |
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** Audiometry (measure of hearing acuity and sound intensity) |
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** Rotatory Chair Test (determines if inner ear is responsible for balance loss) |
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** Electrocochleography (ECOG) (recording of electrical potential in inner ear due to sound) |
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* Blood Tests for General Autoimmune Diseases |
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** Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (test for inflammation) |
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** Rheumatoid Factor (indicator of autoimmune disorders) |
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There are also blood tests specific to inner ear disorders: |
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* Anti-cochlear antibody test (testing for antibodies against cochlear cells) |
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* Lymphocyte Transformation Assay (testing whether an individual has developed a T-cell response against a certain drug)<ref>{{Cite book|title = Lymphocyte Transformation Test|url = http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-642-27786-3_924-5|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg|date = 2014-01-01|isbn = 9783642277863|pages = 1–5|doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-27786-3_924-5|language = en|first = Werner J.|last = Pichler|editor-first = Hans-Werner|editor-last = Vohr}}</ref> |
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==Causes== |
==Causes== |
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Revision as of 02:16, 11 February 2016
Autoimmune inner ear disease is a suspected autoimmune disease characterized by rapidly progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.[1] It occurs when the body's immune system attacks cells in the inner ear that are mistaken for a virus or bacteria. Autoimmune inner ear disease was first described by Dr. Brian McCabe of the University of Iowa in 1979.
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Symptoms and Detection
Symptoms of AIED are [2]:
- Progressive hearing loss in both ears
- Typically will begin in one ear and gradually affect the other
- Hearing loss may begin suddenly
- Tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in ears)
- Decrease in word recognition capability
- Loss of balance (vestibular symptoms)
- Degree of balance loss can change throughout the course of the disease
Since AIED symptoms are fairly common to many hearing loss disorders, it may be difficult to diagnose AIED without performing multiple medical tests. Some examples of these tests include[3]:
- Hearing Tests for Progressive Hearing and Balance loss
- Audiometry (measure of hearing acuity and sound intensity)
- Rotatory Chair Test (determines if inner ear is responsible for balance loss)
- Electrocochleography (ECOG) (recording of electrical potential in inner ear due to sound)
- Blood Tests for General Autoimmune Diseases
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (test for inflammation)
- Rheumatoid Factor (indicator of autoimmune disorders)
There are also blood tests specific to inner ear disorders:
- Anti-cochlear antibody test (testing for antibodies against cochlear cells)
- Lymphocyte Transformation Assay (testing whether an individual has developed a T-cell response against a certain drug)[4]
Causes
AIED is generally caused by either antibodies or immune cells that cause damage to the inner ear. There are several autoimmune disorders to which AIED is related:
- Bystander damage
- Cross-reactions
- Genetic factors
- Drug Use (opiate-based painkillers like OxyContin)[1] [2] [3]
Research has found that long term abuse of opiate-based painkillers (such as OxyContin and Hydrocodone) can lead to profound hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear, according to Dr. Gail Ishiyama, an assistant professor at the UCLA department of neurology.[4]
Treatment
AIED treatment is a rapidly changing field. Steroids are often used in the treatment of AIED, as well as cytotoxic agents such as Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate.
More recently, in order to avoid many of the side effects of steroids, alternative medications and surgical procedures are used. Since these change quite frequently, it is a good idea to check many sources in locating the most cutting-edge procedure for treating autoimmune inner ear disease.[5]
Notes
- ^ Inner Ear, Autoimmune (eMedicine, 2006)
- ^ "Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease". www.asha.org. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
- ^ "Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED) | American Hearing Research Foundation". american-hearing.org. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
- ^ Pichler, Werner J. (2014-01-01). Vohr, Hans-Werner (ed.). Lymphocyte Transformation Test. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27786-3_924-5. ISBN 9783642277863.
- ^ Autoimmune inner ear disease at the American Hearing Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois 2008.
External links
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