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== Transportation ==
== Transportation ==
Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS) seek to improve safety and travel times while minimizing [[greenhouse gas]] emissions for all travelers, though focusing mainly on drivers. ITS has two systems: one for data collection/relaying, and another for data processing. [[Data collection]] can be achieved with video cameras over busy areas, sensors that detect various pieces from location of certain vehicles to infrastructure that's breaking down, and even drivers who notice an accident and use a [[mobile app]], like [[Waze]], to report it's whereabouts. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Guerrero-ibanez|first=J. A.|last2=Zeadally|first2=S.|last3=Contreras-Castillo|first3=J.|date=2015-12-01|title=Integration challenges of intelligent transportation systems with connected vehicle, cloud computing, and internet of things technologies|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7368833|journal=IEEE Wireless Communications|volume=22|issue=6|pages=122–128|doi=10.1109/MWC.2015.7368833|issn=1536-1284}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-44160-2_5|title=Transportation Systems: Monitoring, Control, and Security|last=Timotheou|first=Stelios|last2=Panayiotou|first2=Christos G.|last3=Polycarpou|first3=Marios M.|date=2015-01-01|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=9783662441596|editor-last=Kyriakides|editor-first=Elias|series=Studies in Computational Intelligence|pages=125–166|language=en|editor-last2=Polycarpou|editor-first2=Marios}}</ref>

Advanced Public Transportation Systems(APTS) aim to make public transportation more efficient and convenient for its riders. Electronic payment methods allow users to add money to their [[smart card]]<nowiki/>s at stations and online. APTS relay information to transit facilities about current vehicle locations to give riders expected wait times on screens at stations and directly to customers' smart phones. Advanced Traffic Management Systems(ATMS) collect information using cameras and other sensors that gather information regarding how congested roads are. [[Ramp meter]]<nowiki/>s regulate the number of cars entering highways to limit backups. Traffic signals use algorithms to optimize travel times depending on the number of cars on the road. Electronic highway signs relay information regarding travel times, detours, and accidents that may affect drivers ability to reach their destination.<ref name=":2" />

With the uprise of consumer connectivity, less infrastructure is needed for these ITS to make informed decisions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/articles/shift-to-constant-connectivity.html|title=The Shift to Constant Connectivity|website=Think with Google|access-date=2016-03-31}}</ref> [[Google Maps]] uses smartphone crowdsourcing to get information about real-time traffic conditions allowing motorists to make decisions based on toll roads, travel times, and overall distance traveled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncta.com/platform/broadband-internet/how-google-tracks-traffic/|title=How Google Tracks Traffic|website=www.ncta.com|access-date=2016-03-31}}</ref> Cars communicate with their manufacturers to remotely install software updates when new features are added or bugs are being patched.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/cars/wireless-updates-to-core-automotive-functions-could-spell-privacy-troubles/|title=Your next car will update itself while you sleep, and maybe watch you too|website=Digital Trends|language=en-US|access-date=2016-03-31}}</ref> [[Tesla Motors]] even uses these updates to increase their cars efficiency and performance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11378880/Tesla-software-update-did-your-car-just-get-faster.html|title=Tesla software update: did your car just get faster?|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-31}}</ref> These connections give ITS a means to accurately collect information and even relay that information to drivers with no other infrastructure needed.

Future ITS systems will aid in car communication with not just the infrastructure, but with other cars as well. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" />


== Utilities ==
== Utilities ==

Revision as of 20:07, 7 April 2016

A subtopic of sustainability
Computational sustainability
Also relevant to:
Global warming Renewable energy Sustainable development
Aspects of Computational Sustainability:
Smart grid Sustainable agriculture Intelligent transportation systems Sustainability

Computational sustainability is a broad field that attempts to optimize societal, economic, and environmental resources using methods from Mathematics and Computer science fields.[1] Sustainability in this context is the ability to produce enough energy for the world to support it's biological systems. Using the power of computers to process large quantities of information, decision making algorithms allocate resources based on real-time information[2].

Applications are widespread. Smart grids implement renewable resources and storage capabilities to control the production and expenditure of energy.[3] Intelligent transportation system analyze road conditions and relay information to drivers so they can make smarter decisions based on real time traffic information.[4]

Transportation

Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS) seek to improve safety and travel times while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions for all travelers, though focusing mainly on drivers. ITS has two systems: one for data collection/relaying, and another for data processing. Data collection can be achieved with video cameras over busy areas, sensors that detect various pieces from location of certain vehicles to infrastructure that's breaking down, and even drivers who notice an accident and use a mobile app, like Waze, to report it's whereabouts. [5] [6]

Advanced Public Transportation Systems(APTS) aim to make public transportation more efficient and convenient for its riders. Electronic payment methods allow users to add money to their smart cards at stations and online. APTS relay information to transit facilities about current vehicle locations to give riders expected wait times on screens at stations and directly to customers' smart phones. Advanced Traffic Management Systems(ATMS) collect information using cameras and other sensors that gather information regarding how congested roads are. Ramp meters regulate the number of cars entering highways to limit backups. Traffic signals use algorithms to optimize travel times depending on the number of cars on the road. Electronic highway signs relay information regarding travel times, detours, and accidents that may affect drivers ability to reach their destination.[6]

With the uprise of consumer connectivity, less infrastructure is needed for these ITS to make informed decisions.[7] Google Maps uses smartphone crowdsourcing to get information about real-time traffic conditions allowing motorists to make decisions based on toll roads, travel times, and overall distance traveled.[8] Cars communicate with their manufacturers to remotely install software updates when new features are added or bugs are being patched.[9] Tesla Motors even uses these updates to increase their cars efficiency and performance.[10] These connections give ITS a means to accurately collect information and even relay that information to drivers with no other infrastructure needed.

Future ITS systems will aid in car communication with not just the infrastructure, but with other cars as well. [5] [6]

Utilities

Conferences

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ "www.computational-sustainability.org". www.computational-sustainability.org. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
  2. ^ "http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1570000/1562174/p23-frenkel.pdf?ip=73.234.206.61&id=1562174&acc=OPEN&key=4D4702B0C3E38B35%252E4D4702B0C3E38B35%252E4D4702B0C3E38B35%252E6D218144511F3437&CFID=594460368&CFTOKEN=33596010&__acm__=1458873213_60e5758f5509c54d6c6abc8c305ffbc8" (PDF). doi:10.1145/1570000/1562174/p23-frenkel.pdf. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); External link in |title= (help)
  3. ^ "CompSustNet: Home". www.compsust.net. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
  4. ^ Guerrero-ibanez, J. A.; Zeadally, S.; Contreras-Castillo, J. (2015-12-01). "Integration challenges of intelligent transportation systems with connected vehicle, cloud computing, and internet of things technologies". IEEE Wireless Communications. 22 (6): 122–128. doi:10.1109/MWC.2015.7368833. ISSN 1536-1284.
  5. ^ a b Guerrero-ibanez, J. A.; Zeadally, S.; Contreras-Castillo, J. (2015-12-01). "Integration challenges of intelligent transportation systems with connected vehicle, cloud computing, and internet of things technologies". IEEE Wireless Communications. 22 (6): 122–128. doi:10.1109/MWC.2015.7368833. ISSN 1536-1284.
  6. ^ a b c Timotheou, Stelios; Panayiotou, Christos G.; Polycarpou, Marios M. (2015-01-01). Kyriakides, Elias; Polycarpou, Marios (eds.). Transportation Systems: Monitoring, Control, and Security. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 125–166. ISBN 9783662441596.
  7. ^ "The Shift to Constant Connectivity". Think with Google. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
  8. ^ "How Google Tracks Traffic". www.ncta.com. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
  9. ^ "Your next car will update itself while you sleep, and maybe watch you too". Digital Trends. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
  10. ^ "Tesla software update: did your car just get faster?". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
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