Standing desk: Difference between revisions
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== Effect on health == |
== Effect on health == |
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{{see also|Sitting#Health risks|Long-term complications of standing}} |
{{see also|Sitting#Health risks|Long-term complications of standing}} |
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There is a significantly higher mortality rate among people who regularly sit for prolonged periods, and the risk is not negated by regular exercise, though it is lowered.<ref name="Biswas">{{cite journal|last1=Biswas|first1=A|last2=Oh|first2=PI|last3=Faulkner|first3=GE|last4=Bajaj|first4=RR|last5=Silver|first5=MA|last6=Mitchell|first6=MS|last7=Alter|first7=DA|year=2015|title=Sedentary Time and Its Association With Risk for Disease Incidence, Mortality, and Hospitalization in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=162|issue=2|pages=123–32|doi=10.7326/M14-1651|pmid=25599350}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=van Uffelen|first=Jannique G. Z.|last2=Wong|first2=Jason|last3=Chau|first3=Josephine Y.|last4=van der Ploeg|first4=Hidde P.|last5=Riphagen|first5=Ingrid|last6=Gilson|first6=Nicholas D.|last7=Burton|first7=Nicola W.|last8=Healy|first8=Genevieve N.|last9=Thorp|first9=Alicia A.|date=Oct 2010|title=Occupational sitting and health risks: a systematic review|journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine|volume=39|issue=4|pages=379–388|doi=10.1016/j.amepre.2010.05.024|issn=1873-2607|pmid=20837291}}</ref> The health effects of using a standing desk, as opposed to sitting at a desk are unproven.<ref name="coch2018" /> |
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| ⚫ | Low-quality evidence indicates that providing employees with a standing desk option may reduce the length of time some people sit in the first year, however this reduction in sitting may decrease with time.<ref name=coch2018>{{Citation|last=Shrestha|first=Nipun|title=Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work|date=2018-06-20|url=http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010912.pub4/full|work=The Cochrane Library|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|language=en|doi=10.1002/14651858.cd010912.pub4|access-date=2018-06-25|last2=Kukkonen‐Harjula|first2=Katriina T.|last3=Verbeek|first3=Jos H.|last4=Ijaz|first4=Sharea|last5=Hermans|first5=Veerle|last6=Pedisic|first6=Zeljko}}</ref> It is not clear how standing desks compare to other work-place interventions to reduce the length of time employees are sitting during the work day.<ref name=coch2018 /> |
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| ⚫ | Low-quality evidence indicates that providing employees with a standing desk option may reduce the length of time some people sit in the first year, however this reduction in sitting may decrease with time.<ref name="coch2018">{{Citation|last=Shrestha|first=Nipun|title=Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work|date=2018-06-20|url=http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010912.pub4/full|work=The Cochrane Library|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|language=en|doi=10.1002/14651858.cd010912.pub4|access-date=2018-06-25|last2=Kukkonen‐Harjula|first2=Katriina T.|last3=Verbeek|first3=Jos H.|last4=Ijaz|first4=Sharea|last5=Hermans|first5=Veerle|last6=Pedisic|first6=Zeljko}}</ref> It is not clear how standing desks compare to other work-place interventions to reduce the length of time employees are sitting during the work day.<ref name="coch2018" /> |
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There is no International consensus on recommended levels of sitting and standing while at work, and suggested workplace practices vary in different countries.<ref name="coch2018" /> A 2015 consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine suggests that if people spend the majority of their time at work sitting at a desk, this sitting time should be broken up by taking active standing breaks and by working while standing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Buckley|first=John P.|last2=Hedge|first2=Alan|last3=Yates|first3=Thomas|last4=Copeland|first4=Robert J.|last5=Loosemore|first5=Michael|last6=Hamer|first6=Mark|last7=Bradley|first7=Gavin|last8=Dunstan|first8=David W.|date=2015|title=The sedentary office: an expert statement on the growing case for change towards better health and productivity|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26034192|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|volume=49|issue=21|pages=1357–1362|doi=10.1136/bjsports-2015-094618|issn=1473-0480|pmid=26034192|via=}}</ref> This panel suggests that the time spend standing or walking should add up to at least 2 hours during working hours, progressing to 4 hours per day for people who work full time.<ref name=":0" /> |
There is no International consensus on recommended levels of sitting and standing while at work, and suggested workplace practices vary in different countries.<ref name="coch2018" /> A 2015 consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine suggests that if people spend the majority of their time at work sitting at a desk, this sitting time should be broken up by taking active standing breaks and by working while standing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Buckley|first=John P.|last2=Hedge|first2=Alan|last3=Yates|first3=Thomas|last4=Copeland|first4=Robert J.|last5=Loosemore|first5=Michael|last6=Hamer|first6=Mark|last7=Bradley|first7=Gavin|last8=Dunstan|first8=David W.|date=2015|title=The sedentary office: an expert statement on the growing case for change towards better health and productivity|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26034192|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|volume=49|issue=21|pages=1357–1362|doi=10.1136/bjsports-2015-094618|issn=1473-0480|pmid=26034192|via=}}</ref> This panel suggests that the time spend standing or walking should add up to at least 2 hours during working hours, progressing to 4 hours per day for people who work full time.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Revision as of 13:01, 26 June 2018
A standing desk or stand-up desk is a desk conceived for writing or reading while standing up or while sitting on a high stool. During the 18th and 19th centuries, standing desks were popular in the homes and offices of the rich.[citation needed]. Standing desks have regained some popularity due to purported health benefits, though there is no good medical evidence such benefits actually exist.[1]
Variations
Standing desks have been made in many styles and variations. Standing desks may be specialized to suit particular tasks, such as certain variations of the telephone desk and desks for architectural drafting. Some standing desks may only be used while standing while others allow users to sit or stand by adjusting the desk height with an electric motor, hand crank, or counterbalance system. Some desks are also constructed like teacher's lecterns, allowing them to be set on top of an existing desk for standing, or removed for sitting.
While height of most seated desks is standardized, standing desks are made in many different heights ranging from 70 to 128 centimetres (28 to 50 in). Ideally the height of a standing desk fits the height of its individual user. With seated desks, adjusting the height relative to the user can be accomplished by adjusting the height of the user's chair. However, because users of a standing desk move around more than when seated, using a pedestal to adjust the user's height is not practical.
To solve this issue, a standing desk may either be custom-made, to suit the height of the user, or made with adjustable parts. For writing or drafting, the angle or slant of the surface may be adjustable, with a typical drawing table or table à la tronchin. If the desk is made for computer use, the legs may be adjustable. Another option is a platform made to sit on top of a regular seated desk that raises the desk's surface to a useful height for standing. Such platforms may be fixed height or adjustable.
A height-adjustable desk or sit-stand desk can be adjusted to both sitting and standing positions; this is purported to be healthier than the sit-only desk. Sitting for extended periods of time has been linked to detrimental health effects.[2] Other options for sit-stand desks include smaller, desk-top models that can be placed on, or removed from an existing desk to switch between sitting and standing.
Some antique standing desks have an open frame with drawers, and a foot rail (similar to those seen at a bar) to reduce back pain. A hinged desktop could be lifted in order to access a small cabinet underneath it so that the user could store or retrieve papers and writing implements without needing to bend over or stand back from the desk.
Effect on health
There is a significantly higher mortality rate among people who regularly sit for prolonged periods, and the risk is not negated by regular exercise, though it is lowered.[3][4] The health effects of using a standing desk, as opposed to sitting at a desk are unproven.[1]
Low-quality evidence indicates that providing employees with a standing desk option may reduce the length of time some people sit in the first year, however this reduction in sitting may decrease with time.[1] It is not clear how standing desks compare to other work-place interventions to reduce the length of time employees are sitting during the work day.[1]
There is no International consensus on recommended levels of sitting and standing while at work, and suggested workplace practices vary in different countries.[1] A 2015 consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine suggests that if people spend the majority of their time at work sitting at a desk, this sitting time should be broken up by taking active standing breaks and by working while standing.[5] This panel suggests that the time spend standing or walking should add up to at least 2 hours during working hours, progressing to 4 hours per day for people who work full time.[5]
There are only minor differences in energy expenditure between sitting and standing.[1]
See also
- List of desk forms and types
- Lectern, a type of upright desk
References
- ^ a b c d e f Shrestha, Nipun; Kukkonen‐Harjula, Katriina T.; Verbeek, Jos H.; Ijaz, Sharea; Hermans, Veerle; Pedisic, Zeljko (2018-06-20), "Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work", The Cochrane Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010912.pub4, retrieved 2018-06-25
- ^ Thorin Klosowski (2013). ""Thinking on your feet": A qualitative evaluation of sit-stand desks in an Australian workplace". BioMedCentral. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
- ^ Biswas, A; Oh, PI; Faulkner, GE; Bajaj, RR; Silver, MA; Mitchell, MS; Alter, DA (2015). "Sedentary Time and Its Association With Risk for Disease Incidence, Mortality, and Hospitalization in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 162 (2): 123–32. doi:10.7326/M14-1651. PMID 25599350.
- ^ van Uffelen, Jannique G. Z.; Wong, Jason; Chau, Josephine Y.; van der Ploeg, Hidde P.; Riphagen, Ingrid; Gilson, Nicholas D.; Burton, Nicola W.; Healy, Genevieve N.; Thorp, Alicia A. (Oct 2010). "Occupational sitting and health risks: a systematic review". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 39 (4): 379–388. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.05.024. ISSN 1873-2607. PMID 20837291.
- ^ a b Buckley, John P.; Hedge, Alan; Yates, Thomas; Copeland, Robert J.; Loosemore, Michael; Hamer, Mark; Bradley, Gavin; Dunstan, David W. (2015). "The sedentary office: an expert statement on the growing case for change towards better health and productivity". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 49 (21): 1357–1362. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094618. ISSN 1473-0480. PMID 26034192.
Further reading
- Charron, Andy (2000). Desks: Outstanding Projects from America's Best Craftsmen. Taunton Press. pp. 108–123. ISBN 1-56158-348-0.
- Healy, G. N.; et al. (2008). "Breaks in sedentary time: beneficial associations with metabolic risk". Diabetes Care. 31 (4): 661–666. doi:10.2337/dc07-2046. PMID 18252901.
- Moser, Thomas (1985). Measured Shop Drawings for American Furniture. New York: Sterling Publlishing Inc. ISBN 0-8069-5712-3.