Butia odorata: Difference between revisions
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taxonomic explanation for nomenclatural confusion in horticulture; beginning distrib.; mention local cultivation as fruit tree; removed study on fruit pulp as it was about the real B. capitata from Minas Gerais |
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'''''Butia odorata''''', also known as '''jelly palm''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN | accessdate=2010-04-24 }}</ref> is a [[Arecaceae|palm]] native to |
'''''Butia odorata''''', also known as '''jelly palm''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN | accessdate=2010-04-24 }}</ref> is a [[Arecaceae|palm]] native to southernmost [[Brazil]] and [[Uruguay]].<ref name=Soares2015>{{cite journal |last=Soares |first=Kelen Pureza |date=2015 |title=Le genre Butia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288181003 |language=French |journal=Principes |volume=1 |pages=12–57 |doi= |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref> |
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This palm grows up to 8m (exceptionally 10m). It is identifiable by its feather palm pinnate leaves that arch inwards towards a thick stout trunk. |
This palm grows up to 8m (exceptionally 10m). It is identifiable by its feather palm pinnate leaves that arch inwards towards a thick stout trunk. |
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== Nomenclature == |
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These palms are often called ''Butia capitata'' in horticulture. It was seen as a synonym of that more tropical species until 2011, and many botanical gardens, collectors, and those in the nursery trade have not yet changed their labelling. Even more confusingly; plants with the invented name ''B. capitata'' var. ''odorata'' have circulated in the horticultural trade which were actually the in 2010 newly named [[Butia catarinensis|''B. catarinensis'']], from further north along the Brazilian coast.<ref name=Soares2015/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=4222 |title=Butia capitata - Species Page |last=Wunderlin |first=R. P. |last2=Hansen |first2=B. F. |last3=Franck |first3=A. R. |last4=Essig |first4=F. B. |date=16 September 2018 |website=Atlas of Florida Plants |publisher=Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa |access-date=17 September 2018 |quote=Recent taxonomy suggests B. odorata is the species naturalized in Florida, which has globose fruits, small midrib bundles completely encircling the fibrous cylinder, and does not have raphide-containing idioblasts in the foliar margin, unlike B. capitata (Sant’Anna-Santos et. al 2015)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hardytropicals.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?f=114&t=19106&hilit=butia+odorata |title=Buita nomenclature -new names |last=Kembrey |first=Nigel |date=9 February 2013 |website=Hardy Tropicals UK |access-date=18 September 2018}}</ref> |
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== Distribution == |
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It is native to southern [[Rio Grande do Sul]] in [[Brazil]] and Treinta y Tres in northern [[Uruguay]].<ref name=Soares2015/><ref name=Conosur>{{cite web |url=http://www.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/DetalleEspecie.asp?forma=&variedad=&subespecie=&especie=odorata&genero=Butia&espcod=192947 |title=Flora del Conosur |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Instituto de Botánica Darwinion |language=Spanish |access-date=18 September 2018}}</ref> It grows from 0-500m in altitude.<ref name=Conosur/> |
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''B. odorata'' has become naturalized in possibly three or four states of the [[Southern United States]], from [[Virginia]] to [[Florida]]. |
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== Uses == |
== Uses == |
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=== As an ornamental === |
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[[File:PindoPalms2.png|thumb|left|The approximate cultivation range of pindo palms in the US with little to no winter protection.]] |
[[File:PindoPalms2.png|thumb|left|The approximate cultivation range of pindo palms in the US with little to no winter protection.]] |
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''Butia odorata'' is notable as one of the [[hardy palms|hardiest]] feather palms, tolerating temperatures down to about −10 °C; it is widely cultivated in temperate climates. In the United States, ''B. odorata'' is grown along the West Coast from San Diego to Seattle, and along the East Coast from Florida to Virginia Beach, with isolated plantings north to the Long Island, NY area. |
''Butia odorata'' is notable as one of the [[hardy palms|hardiest]] feather palms, tolerating temperatures down to about −10 °C; it is widely cultivated in temperate climates. In the United States, ''B. odorata'' is grown along the West Coast from San Diego to Seattle, and along the East Coast from Florida to Virginia Beach, with isolated plantings north to the Long Island, NY area. |
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=== As food === |
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It is cultivated as a fruit tree in Brazil and Uruguay, and especially the larger-fruited ''pulposa''-type plants are reasonably common in local orchards.<ref name=Soares2015/> |
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Ripe fruit are about the size of large cherry, and yellowish/orange in colour, but can also include a blush towards the tip. The taste is a mixture of [[pineapple]], [[apricot]], and [[vanilla]]. Taste can vary depending on soil conditions, and the tastes of [[apple]], [[pineapple]], and [[banana]] together is also common. It is tart and sweet at the same time, with a flesh similar to a [[loquat]], but slightly more fibrous.<br><br> |
Ripe fruit are about the size of large cherry, and yellowish/orange in colour, but can also include a blush towards the tip. The taste is a mixture of [[pineapple]], [[apricot]], and [[vanilla]]. Taste can vary depending on soil conditions, and the tastes of [[apple]], [[pineapple]], and [[banana]] together is also common. It is tart and sweet at the same time, with a flesh similar to a [[loquat]], but slightly more fibrous.<br><br> |
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== Chemistry == |
== Chemistry == |
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The triterpenes [[cylindrin]] and [[lupeol]] methyl ether can be isolated from ''Butia odorata'' leaf epicuticular waxes.<ref>Triterpene methyl ethers from palmae epicuticular waxes. S. García, H. Heinzen, C. Hubbuch, R. Martínez, X. de Vries and P. Moyna, Phytochemistry, August 1995, Volume 39, Issue 6, Pages 1381–1382, {{doi|10.1016/0031-9422(95)00173-5}}</ref> |
The triterpenes [[cylindrin]] and [[lupeol]] methyl ether can be isolated from ''Butia odorata'' leaf epicuticular waxes.<ref>Triterpene methyl ethers from palmae epicuticular waxes. S. García, H. Heinzen, C. Hubbuch, R. Martínez, X. de Vries and P. Moyna, Phytochemistry, August 1995, Volume 39, Issue 6, Pages 1381–1382, {{doi|10.1016/0031-9422(95)00173-5}}</ref> |
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[[File:After Blizzard 1.4.14 2.jpg|thumb|9 foot Pindo after the Blizzard of 2014 in [[Roslyn Harbor, New York|Roslyn Harbor]], [[New York (state)|New York]]]] |
[[File:After Blizzard 1.4.14 2.jpg|thumb|9 foot Pindo after the Blizzard of 2014 in [[Roslyn Harbor, New York|Roslyn Harbor]], [[New York (state)|New York]]]] |
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Revision as of 17:56, 18 September 2018
| Butia odorata | |
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| Butia odorata, Tresco, Isles of Scilly, UK | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| (unranked): | |
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| Species: | B. odorata
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| Binomial name | |
| Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick [2011]
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Butia odorata, also known as jelly palm,[2] is a palm native to southernmost Brazil and Uruguay.[3] This palm grows up to 8m (exceptionally 10m). It is identifiable by its feather palm pinnate leaves that arch inwards towards a thick stout trunk.
Nomenclature
These palms are often called Butia capitata in horticulture. It was seen as a synonym of that more tropical species until 2011, and many botanical gardens, collectors, and those in the nursery trade have not yet changed their labelling. Even more confusingly; plants with the invented name B. capitata var. odorata have circulated in the horticultural trade which were actually the in 2010 newly named B. catarinensis, from further north along the Brazilian coast.[3][4][5]
Distribution
It is native to southern Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil and Treinta y Tres in northern Uruguay.[3][6] It grows from 0-500m in altitude.[6] B. odorata has become naturalized in possibly three or four states of the Southern United States, from Virginia to Florida.
Uses
As an ornamental
Butia odorata is notable as one of the hardiest feather palms, tolerating temperatures down to about −10 °C; it is widely cultivated in temperate climates. In the United States, B. odorata is grown along the West Coast from San Diego to Seattle, and along the East Coast from Florida to Virginia Beach, with isolated plantings north to the Long Island, NY area.
As food
It is cultivated as a fruit tree in Brazil and Uruguay, and especially the larger-fruited pulposa-type plants are reasonably common in local orchards.[3]
Ripe fruit are about the size of large cherry, and yellowish/orange in colour, but can also include a blush towards the tip. The taste is a mixture of pineapple, apricot, and vanilla. Taste can vary depending on soil conditions, and the tastes of apple, pineapple, and banana together is also common. It is tart and sweet at the same time, with a flesh similar to a loquat, but slightly more fibrous.
Chemistry
The triterpenes cylindrin and lupeol methyl ether can be isolated from Butia odorata leaf epicuticular waxes.[7]
Gallery
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Ripe fruit of Butia odorata palm growing in Ocean Isle Beach -
Butia odorata palm growing in Ocean Isle Beach, bearing both ripe and unripe fruit
References
- ^ Govaerts, R. (2018). "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ "Butia odorata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-04-24.
- ^ a b c d Soares, Kelen Pureza (2015). "Le genre Butia". Principes (in French). 1: 12–57. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ Wunderlin, R. P.; Hansen, B. F.; Franck, A. R.; Essig, F. B. (16 September 2018). "Butia capitata - Species Page". Atlas of Florida Plants. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
Recent taxonomy suggests B. odorata is the species naturalized in Florida, which has globose fruits, small midrib bundles completely encircling the fibrous cylinder, and does not have raphide-containing idioblasts in the foliar margin, unlike B. capitata (Sant'Anna-Santos et. al 2015)
- ^ Kembrey, Nigel (9 February 2013). "Buita nomenclature -new names". Hardy Tropicals UK. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
- ^ a b "Flora del Conosur" (in Spanish). Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
- ^ Triterpene methyl ethers from palmae epicuticular waxes. S. García, H. Heinzen, C. Hubbuch, R. Martínez, X. de Vries and P. Moyna, Phytochemistry, August 1995, Volume 39, Issue 6, Pages 1381–1382, doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00173-5
