Rheotaxis: Difference between revisions
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Positive rheotaxis is found in most major [[aquatic invertebrate]] groups. |
Positive rheotaxis is found in most major [[aquatic invertebrate]] groups. |
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In Rheotaxis, the lateral line system is used to determine changes in the oncoming flow pattern of a body of water due to other objects, such as predator and prey, being present and the corresponding orientation of the animal toward or away from the current.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Erika E. A.|last2=Simmons|first2=Andrea Megela|date=2016-11-21|title=Variability of Rheotaxis Behaviors in Larval Bullfrogs Highlights Species Diversity in Lateral Line Function|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0166989|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=11|issue=11|pages=e0166989|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0166989|issn=1932-6203|pmc=PMC5117756|pmid=27870909}}</ref> This system uses mechanosensory hair cells to detect and respond to the movement of water.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Suli|first=Arminda|last2=Watson|first2=Glen M.|last3=Rubel|first3=Edwin W.|last4=Raible|first4=David W.|date=2012-02-16|title=Rheotaxis in Larval Zebrafish Is Mediated by Lateral Line Mechanosensory Hair Cells|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0029727|journal=PLoS ONE|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=e29727|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0029727|issn=1932-6203|pmc=PMC3281009|pmid=22359538}}</ref> For most animals, Rheotaxis is dependent on the proper function of the lateral line system. Pure Rheotaxis is the form in which the only stimulus for orienting is the current itself.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kobayashi|first=Donald R.|last2=Farman|first2=Richard|last3=Polovina|first3=Jeffrey J.|last4=Parker|first4=Denise M.|last5=Rice|first5=Marc|last6=Balazs|first6=George H.|date=2014-08-06|title=“Going with the Flow” or Not: Evidence of Positive Rheotaxis in Oceanic Juvenile Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) in the South Pacific Ocean Using Satellite Tags and Ocean Circulation Data|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0103701|journal=PLoS ONE|language=en|volume=9|issue=8|pages=e103701|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0103701|issn=1932-6203|pmc=PMC4123884|pmid=25098694}}</ref> Animals can also use Rheotaxis in conjunction with other methods to orient themselves in the water. They will use the flow of the current to identify upstream chemical stimuli and position themselves toward the direction of the signal.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Choi|first=Jongeun|last2=Jeon|first2=Soo|last3=Johnson|first3=Nicholas S|last4=Brant|first4=Cory O|last5=Li|first5=Weiming|date=2013-11-07|title=Odor-conditioned rheotaxis of the sea lamprey: modeling, analysis and validation|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/8/4/046011|journal=Bioinspiration & Biomimetics|volume=8|issue=4|pages=046011|doi=10.1088/1748-3182/8/4/046011|issn=1748-3182}}</ref> The positioning of an animal in the water can increase its chance of accessing food and lowering the amount of energy is spends, especially when it remains stationary.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elder|first=John|last2=Coombs|first2=Sheryl|date=2015-05-21|title=The influence of turbulence on the sensory basis of rheotaxis|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00359-015-1014-7|journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology A|language=en|volume=201|issue=7|pages=667–680|doi=10.1007/s00359-015-1014-7|issn=0340-7594}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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Revision as of 14:14, 30 October 2018
(Positive) Rheotaxis is a form of taxis seen in many aquatic organisms, e.g., fish, whereby they will (generally) turn to face into an oncoming current. This has been noted in zebrafish and other species.[1]
In a flowing stream, this behavior leads them to hold position in a stream rather than being swept downstream by the current.
In fish that exhibit rheotaxis, it can easily be demonstrated by creating an artificial current within a tank using pumps. No matter which way the pumps force the current to flow, the fish will immediately turn to face the oncoming current.
Some organisms such as eels will exhibit negative rheotaxis where they will avoid currents.[2]
Some zooplankton also exhibit positive or negative rheotaxis.
Positive rheotaxis is found in most major aquatic invertebrate groups.
In Rheotaxis, the lateral line system is used to determine changes in the oncoming flow pattern of a body of water due to other objects, such as predator and prey, being present and the corresponding orientation of the animal toward or away from the current.[3] This system uses mechanosensory hair cells to detect and respond to the movement of water.[4] For most animals, Rheotaxis is dependent on the proper function of the lateral line system. Pure Rheotaxis is the form in which the only stimulus for orienting is the current itself.[5] Animals can also use Rheotaxis in conjunction with other methods to orient themselves in the water. They will use the flow of the current to identify upstream chemical stimuli and position themselves toward the direction of the signal.[6] The positioning of an animal in the water can increase its chance of accessing food and lowering the amount of energy is spends, especially when it remains stationary.[7]
- ^ Oteiza, Pablo; Odstrcil, Iris; Lauder, George; Portugues, Ruben; Engert, Florian. "A novel mechanism for mechanosensory-based rheotaxis in larval zebrafish". Nature. 547: 445–448.
- ^ Du Colombier, SB; Bolliet, V; Bardonnet, A. "Swimming activity and behaviour of European Anguilla anguilla glass eels in response to photoperiod and flow reversal and the role of energy status". Journal of Fish Biology. 74 (9). doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02269.x. PMID 20735685.
- ^ Brown, Erika E. A.; Simmons, Andrea Megela (2016-11-21). "Variability of Rheotaxis Behaviors in Larval Bullfrogs Highlights Species Diversity in Lateral Line Function". PLOS ONE. 11 (11): e0166989. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166989. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5117756. PMID 27870909.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Suli, Arminda; Watson, Glen M.; Rubel, Edwin W.; Raible, David W. (2012-02-16). "Rheotaxis in Larval Zebrafish Is Mediated by Lateral Line Mechanosensory Hair Cells". PLoS ONE. 7 (2): e29727. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029727. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3281009. PMID 22359538.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Kobayashi, Donald R.; Farman, Richard; Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Parker, Denise M.; Rice, Marc; Balazs, George H. (2014-08-06). ""Going with the Flow" or Not: Evidence of Positive Rheotaxis in Oceanic Juvenile Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) in the South Pacific Ocean Using Satellite Tags and Ocean Circulation Data". PLoS ONE. 9 (8): e103701. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103701. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4123884. PMID 25098694.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Choi, Jongeun; Jeon, Soo; Johnson, Nicholas S; Brant, Cory O; Li, Weiming (2013-11-07). "Odor-conditioned rheotaxis of the sea lamprey: modeling, analysis and validation". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 8 (4): 046011. doi:10.1088/1748-3182/8/4/046011. ISSN 1748-3182.
- ^ Elder, John; Coombs, Sheryl (2015-05-21). "The influence of turbulence on the sensory basis of rheotaxis". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 201 (7): 667–680. doi:10.1007/s00359-015-1014-7. ISSN 0340-7594.
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