Alessandro Strumia: Difference between revisions

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Shinobu (talk | contribs)
8 edits
scientific results added
Line 19: Line 19:


== Career ==
== Career ==
Strumia's research specialization is in [[physics beyond the Standard Model]].<ref name="CV"/> In 1995 with [[Riccardo Barbieri]] and [[Lawrence J. Hall]] he studied flavour and CP violations, present in supersymmetric unified theories even in absence of any flavour or CP violation in the input for the soft-supersymmetry breaking parameters.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Riccardo Barbieri |author2=Lawrence J. Hall |author3=Alessandro Strumia |title= Violations of lepton flavor and CP in supersymmetric unified theories|journal=Nucl. Phys. B|volume= 405|pages=219|year= 1995|doi= 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00208-A}}</ref>
⚫
Strumia's research specialization is in [[physics beyond the Standard Model]].<ref name="CV"/> He joined the [[European Organization for Nuclear Research]] (CERN)'s theory division as a fellow in 2000,<ref name="CV"/> and as a member of the [[Compact Muon Solenoid|CMS Collaboration]], he was a credited coauthor on the paper which announced the [[Higgs boson]] discovery; his primary affiliation was [[Estonia]]'s [[National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC|journal=[[Physics Letters B]]|volume=716|number=1|date=17 September 2012|pages=30–61|doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.021|last1=Chatrchyan|first1=S.|display-authors=0|bibcode=2012PhLB..716...30C|arxiv=1207.7235}}</ref> Along with [[Joseph Lykken]] and other collaborators, he later proposed the "modified naturalness" hypothesis for the Higgs boson's mass.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/new-physics-complications-lend-support-to-multiverse-hypothesis/|title=New Physics Complications Lend Support to Multiverse Hypothesis|work=[[Scientific American]]|last=Wolchover|first=Natalie|author-link=Natalie Wolchover|date=1 June 2013}}</ref>
He is one of the originators of the idea of Minimal Flavor Violation,<ref>{{cite journal|author1=G. D'Ambrosio |author2=G. F. Giudice |author3=G. Isidori |author4=A. Strumia |title= Minimal flavor violation: an effective field theory approach|journal=Nucl. Phys. B|volume= 645|pages=155|year= 2002|doi= 10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00836-2|arxiv = hep-ph/9811291|bibcode = 2002NuPhB.645..155D }}</ref> a paradigm to characterize the effects of [[flavor (particle physics)|flavor]] transitions in new theories of [[particle physics]].
⚫
After the discovery of the [[Higgs Boson|Higgs boson]], he computed the probability that the Higgs vacuum undergoes [[quantum tunnelling]], finding that the [[universe]] is in a critical state which will eventually end in a cosmic collapse.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=G. Degrassi |author2=S. Di Vita |author3=J. Elias-Miro |author4=J. R. Espinosa |author5=G. F. Giudice |author6=G. Isidori |author7=A. Strumia |title= Higgs mass and vacuum stability in the Standard Model at NNLO|journal=JHEP|volume= 1208|pages=098|year= 2012|doi= 10.1007/JHEP08(2012)098|arxiv = 1205.6497|bibcode = 2012JHEP...08..098D }}</ref> After the [[OPERA experiment]] reported an observation of [[Faster-than-light neutrino anomaly|neutrinos apparently traveling faster than light]], Strumia in collaboration with [[Gian Giudice]] and Sergey Sibiryakov showed that superluminal neutrinos would imply some anomalies in the velocities of electrons and muons as a result of quantum-mechanical effects. Such anomalies could be already ruled out from existing data on cosmic rays, thus contradicting the OPERA results.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Giudice|first1=G. F.|last2=Sibiryakov|first2=S.|last3=Strumia|first3=A.|date=26 September 2011|title=Interpreting OPERA Results on Superluminal Neutrino|journal=[[Nuclear Physics B]]|volume=861|issue=1|pages=1–16|arxiv=1109.5682|doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2012.03.008|bibcode=2012NuPhB.861....1G}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/science/25neutrinos.html|title=Particles Faster Than the Speed of Light? Not So Fast, Some Say|last=Overbye|first=Dennis|author-link=Dennis Overbye|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 October 2011 }}</ref> He joined the [[European Organization for Nuclear Research]] (CERN)'s theory division as a fellow in 2000,<ref name="CV"/> and as a member of the [[Compact Muon Solenoid|CMS Collaboration]], he was a credited coauthor on the paper which announced the [[Higgs boson]] discovery; his primary affiliation was [[Estonia]]'s [[National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC|journal=[[Physics Letters B]]|volume=716|number=1|date=17 September 2012|pages=30–61|doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.021|last1=Chatrchyan|first1=S.|display-authors=0|bibcode=2012PhLB..716...30C|arxiv=1207.7235}}</ref> Along with [[Joseph Lykken]] and other collaborators, he later proposed the "modified naturalness" hypothesis for the Higgs boson's mass.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/new-physics-complications-lend-support-to-multiverse-hypothesis/|title=New Physics Complications Lend Support to Multiverse Hypothesis|work=[[Scientific American]]|last=Wolchover|first=Natalie|author-link=Natalie Wolchover|date=1 June 2013}}</ref>





After the [[OPERA experiment]] reported an observation of [[Faster-than-light neutrino anomaly|neutrinos apparently traveling faster than light]], Strumia in collaboration with [[Gian Giudice]] and Sergey Sibiryakov showed that superluminal neutrinos would imply some anomalies in the velocities of electrons and muons as a result of quantum-mechanical effects. Such anomalies could be already ruled out from existing data on cosmic rays, thus contradicting the OPERA results.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Giudice|first1=G. F.|last2=Sibiryakov|first2=S.|last3=Strumia|first3=A.|date=26 September 2011|title=Interpreting OPERA Results on Superluminal Neutrino|journal=[[Nuclear Physics B]]|volume=861|issue=1|pages=1–16|arxiv=1109.5682|doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2012.03.008|bibcode=2012NuPhB.861....1G}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/science/25neutrinos.html|title=Particles Faster Than the Speed of Light? Not So Fast, Some Say|last=Overbye|first=Dennis|author-link=Dennis Overbye|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 October 2011 }}</ref>


While at CERN in June 2018, Strumia and [[Riccardo Torre]] worked on a new set of algorithms with which to evaluate the impact of published scientific research. Basing their investigation on the [[PageRank]] used by [[Google]], they proposed a similar system of ranking scientific papers and authors. Researchers had "mixed reaction", suggesting that it would be useful for "lifetime achievement" but possibly subject to "transparency issues".<ref name=PhysicsToday>{{cite journal|doi=10.1063/pt.6.1.20180607a|title=New metrics rank physicists and their work|journal=[[Physics Today]]|year=2018}}</ref> The "simplicity" of current methods of evaluation allows for [[gaming the system]]. The difference in Strumia and Torres' approach is that they include what they describe as "second-generation" and later-generation citations in their algorithms. Therefore, not only the original citations of the work are taken into account, but subsequent citations to derivative material also. They named their systems ''PaperRank'' and ''AuthorRank''. They also proposed a system called ''CitationCoin'' to reduce the effect of groups who "inflate" each other citation count.<ref name=PhysicsToday/>
While at CERN in June 2018, Strumia and [[Riccardo Torre]] worked on a new set of algorithms with which to evaluate the impact of published scientific research. Basing their investigation on the [[PageRank]] used by [[Google]], they proposed a similar system of ranking scientific papers and authors. Researchers had "mixed reaction", suggesting that it would be useful for "lifetime achievement" but possibly subject to "transparency issues".<ref name=PhysicsToday>{{cite journal|doi=10.1063/pt.6.1.20180607a|title=New metrics rank physicists and their work|journal=[[Physics Today]]|year=2018}}</ref> The "simplicity" of current methods of evaluation allows for [[gaming the system]]. The difference in Strumia and Torres' approach is that they include what they describe as "second-generation" and later-generation citations in their algorithms. Therefore, not only the original citations of the work are taken into account, but subsequent citations to derivative material also. They named their systems ''PaperRank'' and ''AuthorRank''. They also proposed a system called ''CitationCoin'' to reduce the effect of groups who "inflate" each other citation count.<ref name=PhysicsToday/>

Revision as of 18:41, 2 November 2018

Alessandro Strumia
Born (1969-12-26) 26 December 1969 (age 54)
Alma materUniversity of Pisa
Awards1996 "Giorgio Gamberini" prize for the PhD thesis "Supersymmetric unification"
Scientific career
FieldsNeutrinos – Leptogenesis – Flavour physics – Electroweak precision physics – Vacuum Decay – Cosmology – Dark matter
Thesis Supersymmetric unification (1995)
Doctoral advisorRiccardo Barbieri

Alessandro Strumia (born 26 December 1969[1]) is a physicist at the University of Pisa.

Education

Strumia obtained his PhD in 1995 at the University of Pisa, where his doctoral advisor was Riccardo Barbieri. His thesis was titled "Supersymmetric unification".[1]

Career

Strumia's research specialization is in physics beyond the Standard Model.[1] In 1995 with Riccardo Barbieri and Lawrence J. Hall he studied flavour and CP violations, present in supersymmetric unified theories even in absence of any flavour or CP violation in the input for the soft-supersymmetry breaking parameters.[2] He is one of the originators of the idea of Minimal Flavor Violation,[3] a paradigm to characterize the effects of flavor transitions in new theories of particle physics. After the discovery of the Higgs boson, he computed the probability that the Higgs vacuum undergoes quantum tunnelling, finding that the universe is in a critical state which will eventually end in a cosmic collapse.[4] After the OPERA experiment reported an observation of neutrinos apparently traveling faster than light, Strumia in collaboration with Gian Giudice and Sergey Sibiryakov showed that superluminal neutrinos would imply some anomalies in the velocities of electrons and muons as a result of quantum-mechanical effects. Such anomalies could be already ruled out from existing data on cosmic rays, thus contradicting the OPERA results.[5][6] He joined the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)'s theory division as a fellow in 2000,[1] and as a member of the CMS Collaboration, he was a credited coauthor on the paper which announced the Higgs boson discovery; his primary affiliation was Estonia's National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics.[7] Along with Joseph Lykken and other collaborators, he later proposed the "modified naturalness" hypothesis for the Higgs boson's mass.[8]



While at CERN in June 2018, Strumia and Riccardo Torre worked on a new set of algorithms with which to evaluate the impact of published scientific research. Basing their investigation on the PageRank used by Google, they proposed a similar system of ranking scientific papers and authors. Researchers had "mixed reaction", suggesting that it would be useful for "lifetime achievement" but possibly subject to "transparency issues".[9] The "simplicity" of current methods of evaluation allows for gaming the system. The difference in Strumia and Torres' approach is that they include what they describe as "second-generation" and later-generation citations in their algorithms. Therefore, not only the original citations of the work are taken into account, but subsequent citations to derivative material also. They named their systems PaperRank and AuthorRank. They also proposed a system called CitationCoin to reduce the effect of groups who "inflate" each other citation count.[9]

Controversies

Using pictures of conference slides

Marco Cirelli and Alessandro Strumia were amongst multiple teams that used digital photos from a conference presentation in 2008 in Stockholm for a subsequent publication. The slide showed a highly anticipated but yet unpublished measurement of the positron fraction in cosmic rays by the PAMELA collaboration.[10][11][12][13]

Talk on gender discrimination

On 28 September 2018, Strumia gave a presentation at CERN's first Workshop on High Energy Theory and Gender[14] that provoked considerable controversy.[15] Citing an analysis he had performed on data from the InSpire database,[16] he rejected the idea that physics suffers from gender bias against women and claimed that male scientists were victims of discrimination.[17][18][19] Strumia cited previous research which points to results commonly referred to as the "Gender Equality Paradox" — the observations that countries that score higher on measures of gender equality have a lower proportion of women in STEM fields.[20]

On 30 September 2018 CERN published a short statement, removed the slides of Strumia's presentation from its conference website and on 1 October suspended him from his "invited scientist" position.[21][15][22][23][24] A longer statement commenting on Strumia's talk, published on 2 October, received nearly 4000 signatures as of 13 October, including those of John Ellis, Howard Georgi and David Gross.[25][26][27] One supporter of Strumia was inactive scientist and former string theorist Luboš Motl.[28] Physicist Sabine Hossenfelder cited papers addressing some of Strumia's conclusions and provided an alternative analysis, claiming that after accounting for disproportionately higher rates of women leaving the field the sex differences became negligible.[29][30]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "CV: Alessandro Strumia". Università di Pisa. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  2. ^ Riccardo Barbieri; Lawrence J. Hall; Alessandro Strumia (1995). "Violations of lepton flavor and CP in supersymmetric unified theories". Nucl. Phys. B. 405: 219. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00208-A.
  3. ^ G. D'Ambrosio; G. F. Giudice; G. Isidori; A. Strumia (2002). "Minimal flavor violation: an effective field theory approach". Nucl. Phys. B. 645: 155. arXiv:hep-ph/9811291. Bibcode:2002NuPhB.645..155D. doi:10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00836-2.
  4. ^ G. Degrassi; S. Di Vita; J. Elias-Miro; J. R. Espinosa; G. F. Giudice; G. Isidori; A. Strumia (2012). "Higgs mass and vacuum stability in the Standard Model at NNLO". JHEP. 1208: 098. arXiv:1205.6497. Bibcode:2012JHEP...08..098D. doi:10.1007/JHEP08(2012)098.
  5. ^ Giudice, G. F.; Sibiryakov, S.; Strumia, A. (26 September 2011). "Interpreting OPERA Results on Superluminal Neutrino". Nuclear Physics B. 861 (1): 1–16. arXiv:1109.5682. Bibcode:2012NuPhB.861....1G. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2012.03.008.
  6. ^ Overbye, Dennis (24 October 2011). "Particles Faster Than the Speed of Light? Not So Fast, Some Say". The New York Times.
  7. ^ "Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC". Physics Letters B. 716 (1): 30–61. 17 September 2012. arXiv:1207.7235. Bibcode:2012PhLB..716...30C. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.021.
  8. ^ Wolchover, Natalie (1 June 2013). "New Physics Complications Lend Support to Multiverse Hypothesis". Scientific American.
  9. ^ a b "New metrics rank physicists and their work". Physics Today. 2018. doi:10.1063/pt.6.1.20180607a.
  10. ^ Cirelli, Marco; Franceschini, Roberto; Strumia, Alessandro (29 March 2008). "Minimal Dark Matter predictions for galactic positrons, anti-protons, photons". Nuclear Physics B. 800: 204–220. arXiv:0802.3378. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2008.03.013.
  11. ^ Jaffe, Andrew (2 September 2008). "Stealing Data?". Retrieved 5 October 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  12. ^ Brumfiel, Geoff (2 September 2008). "Physicists aflutter about data photographed at conference". Nature. Retrieved 5 October 2018. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  13. ^ Stemwedel, Janet (5 September 2008). "Data paparazzi". Retrieved 5 October 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  14. ^ "1st Workshop on High Energy Theory and Gender". CERN. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  15. ^ a b Castelvecchi, Davide (1 October 2018). "CERN suspends physicist over remarks on gender bias". Nature.
  16. ^ Strumia, Alessandro; Torre, Riccardo (2018). "Biblioranking fundamental physics". arXiv:1803.10713 [cs.DL].
  17. ^ Jackson, Marie; Scott, Jennifer (3 October 2018). "Women in science: 'We want to be accepted into the club'". bbc.co.uk. BBC News. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  18. ^ Ghosh, Pallab (1 October 2018). "Cern scientist: 'Physics built by men – not by invitation'". bbc.co.uk. BBC News. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  19. ^ Oberhaus, Daniel (1 October 2018). "Top CERN Scientist Suspended for Presentation That Argued There Is No Sexism in Physics". Vice. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  20. ^ Stoet, Gijsbert; Geary, David C. (1 April 2018). "The Gender-Equality Paradox in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education". Psychological Science. 29 (4): 581–593. doi:10.1177/0956797617741719. PMID 29442575.
  21. ^ https://press.cern/press-releases/2018/09/updated-statement-cern-stands-diversity
  22. ^ "CERN scientist Alessandro Strumia suspended after comments". bbc.co.uk. BBC News. 1 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  23. ^ Giuffrida, Angela; Busby, Mattha (1 October 2018). "'Physics was built by men': Cern suspends scientist over remarks". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  24. ^ McKenna, Josephine (1 October 2018). "Italian lecturer suspended by CERN for 'physics invented by men' speech". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  25. ^ Ghosh, Pallab (5 October 2018). "Scientists condemn professor's 'morally reprehensible' talk". BBC. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  26. ^ "Statement on a Recent Talk at CERN". Particles for Justice. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  27. ^ Mandelbaum, Ryan F. (5 October 2018). "More Than 200 Physicists Denounce Sexist Lecture at CERN". Gizmodo. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  28. ^ Sahadat, Ianthe (5 October 2018). "Theoretisch natuurkundigen schrijven antiseksismebrief" (in Dutch). de Volkskrant. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  29. ^ Hossenfelder, Sabine (5 October 2018). "Gender bias in academia: The case Strumia". Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  30. ^ Flaherty, Kevin (2 October 2018). "The Leaky Pipeline for Postdocs: A study of the time between receiving a PhD and securing a faculty job for male and female astronomers". arXiv:1810.01511.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to CERN.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Strumia&oldid=866964303"