Philip Hugh-Jones: Difference between revisions
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In 1952, he moved with his family to Jamaica where he took up a post as senior lecturer at the [[University College of the West Indies]].<ref name=munks/> |
In 1952, he moved with his family to Jamaica where he took up a post as senior lecturer at the [[University College of the West Indies]].<ref name=munks/> |
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In 1955, |
That diabetes was not one solitary disease and should be classified was noted by French researchers [[Apollinaire Bouchardat]] and Lancereux between 1850 and 1875. They distinguished between those diabetics that were lean, had severe symptoms, a poor prognosis and pancreatic lesions at autopsy (diabetes maigre), and those that were overweight, presented later in life with a milder form of the disease and had a better prognosis if maintained on a low calorie diet (diabetes gras).<ref name=Levine1979>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sfvlBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=Bouchardat+diabetes+maigre+gras+1875&source=bl&ots=H_oyqGvT6l&sig=ACfU3U2ziZimo6WGHwjN76j71JpCCm18Nw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj23L39x_TfAhVCZhQKHdQpBvMQ6AEwCXoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=Bouchardat%20diabetes%20maigre%20gras%201875&f=false|title=The Endocrine Pancreas and Juvenile Diabetes|last=Rachmiel|first=Rachmiel|date=|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=1979|isbn=978-1-4684-8510-3|editor-last=Klachko|editor-first=David M.|location=|pages=2-3|language=en|chapter=The Endocrine Pancreas, past and present|editor-last2=Anderson|editor-first2=Ralph R.|editor-last3=Burns|editor-first3=Thomas W.|editor-last4=Werner|editor-first4=Harold V.}}</ref> Their theories appear to have been forgotten in the early part of the twentieth century and diabetes took on explanations relating to age of onset and severity, with the notion that it was one disease with a spectrum. In 1950, R. D. Lawrence reported that diabetics were of two types, those who were not deficient in insulin and those who were.<ref name=Vranic2013/> Subsequently, in 1955, Hugh-Jones published an article in ''[[The Lancet]]'' titled "Diabetes in Jamaica", in which he clarified Lawrence’s explanation of the two types of diabetes using the terminology of [[type 1 diabetes mellitus|type 1]] and [[type 2 diabetes mellitus|type 2]].<ref name=Glasner2004>{{cite book|last=Glasner|first=Peter. (Ed.)|title=Reconfiguring Nature: Issues and Debates in the New Genetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JepGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT263|year=2018|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-16970-7|page=263}}</ref><ref name=Vranic2013>{{cite book|editor-last=Mladen Vranic et al (Eds.)|editor-first=|title=Comparison of Type I and Type II Diabetes: Similarities and Dissimilarities in Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Complications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qbqBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19|year=1985|place=NewYork|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4757-1850-8|pages=19–20|chapter=Basis of the Present Classification of Diabetes|first=Peter H.|last=Bennett}}</ref> |
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Hugh-JOnes reported that 6% of the 215 diabetics attending the University College Hospital of the West Indies could not be classified as either type 1 or 2. They were young and underweight at the onset of their illness, but were resistant to insulin. If their diabetic control deteriorated, unlike in type 1 diabetes, the profound [[glycosuria]] was not accompanied with [[ketosis]]. He called this third type, type J,<ref name=Tulloch1961>{{Cite journal|last=Tulloch|first=J. A.|last2=Macintosh|first2=D.|date=1961-07-15|title="J"-Type Diabetes|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/pdf/download/eid/1-s2.0-S0140673661926459/first-page-pdf|journal=The Lancet|series=Originally published as Volume 2, Issue 7194|volume=278|issue=7194|pages=119–121|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(61)92645-9|issn=0140-6736|via=}}</ref><ref name=Morrison1992>{{Cite journal|last=Morrison|first=E. Y.|last2=Ragoobirsingh|first2=D.|date=July 1992|title=J type diabetes revisited.|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2571706/pdf/jnma00273-0059.pdf|journal=Journal of the National Medical Association|volume=84|issue=7|pages=603–608|issn=0027-9684|pmc=2571706|pmid=1629924|via=}}</ref> where J stands for Jamaica.<ref name=Dagogo2016>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BBeRDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA133&dq=Hugh-jones+diabetes+type+J&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVqOzjhe_fAhXmQxUIHaYBBcsQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=Hugh-jones%20diabetes%20type%20J&f=false|title=Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries and Underserved Communities|last=Dagogo-Jack|first=Sam (Ed.)|date=2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319415598|language=en}}</ref> It was later given various names including atypical diabetes and phasic insulin-dependent diabetes, eventually being referred to as atypical ketosis-prone diabetes or type 1B diabetes in the [[World Health Organization|WHO]] classification.<ref name=Dagogo2016/> |
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He returned to the U.K. after three years to become a consultant physician to the [[Hammersmith Hospital]] and a lecturer at the [[Royal Postgraduate Medical School]].<ref name=munks/> |
He returned to the U.K. after three years to become a consultant physician to the [[Hammersmith Hospital]] and a lecturer at the [[Royal Postgraduate Medical School]].<ref name=munks/> |
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Revision as of 18:39, 17 January 2019
Philip Hugh-Jones FRCP | |
|---|---|
| Born | 22 August 1917 London |
| Died | 1 June 2010 |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | King's College, Cambridge |
| Medical career | |
| Profession | Physician |
| Institutions | King's College Hospital |
| Sub-specialties | Lung disease and diabetes |
| Notable works | New classification of diabetes |
Philip Hugh-Jones FRCP (22 August 1917 - 1 June 2010) was a British physician who studied the effects of tank fumes on their operators and the effects of coal dust on the lungs of miners and became an expert on lung disease, particularly emphysema. He was also the first to classify diabetes into types 1, 2, and J in his 1955 paper for The Lancet titled "Diabetes in Jamaica".
Early life
Philip Hugh-Jones was born in London on 22 August 1917, the result of an affair between Philip Morrell, a Liberal Party politician who was married to Lady Ottoline Morrell, and Alice Louisa Jones who worked at The Nation. Both were associated with the Bloomsbury Group.[2][3] He acquired the surname Hugh because Philip Morrell also had a legitimate son named Hugh.[4]
He was educated at Highgate School, where he was head boy,[5] from where he went to King's College, University of Cambridge, where he took the natural sciences tripos, passing with a first. He subsequently qualified in medicine in 1942.[2]
Career
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Following junior posts at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, he was appointed to the staff of the Medical Research Council (MRC). He developed a lifetime's interests in lung disease, particularly emphysema, after studying the effects of tank fumes on their operators in Dorset and the effects of coal dust on the lungs of miners.[2]
Diabetes in Jamaica
In 1952, he moved with his family to Jamaica where he took up a post as senior lecturer at the University College of the West Indies.[2]
That diabetes was not one solitary disease and should be classified was noted by French researchers Apollinaire Bouchardat and Lancereux between 1850 and 1875. They distinguished between those diabetics that were lean, had severe symptoms, a poor prognosis and pancreatic lesions at autopsy (diabetes maigre), and those that were overweight, presented later in life with a milder form of the disease and had a better prognosis if maintained on a low calorie diet (diabetes gras).[6] Their theories appear to have been forgotten in the early part of the twentieth century and diabetes took on explanations relating to age of onset and severity, with the notion that it was one disease with a spectrum. In 1950, R. D. Lawrence reported that diabetics were of two types, those who were not deficient in insulin and those who were.[7] Subsequently, in 1955, Hugh-Jones published an article in The Lancet titled "Diabetes in Jamaica", in which he clarified Lawrence’s explanation of the two types of diabetes using the terminology of type 1 and type 2.[8][7]
Hugh-JOnes reported that 6% of the 215 diabetics attending the University College Hospital of the West Indies could not be classified as either type 1 or 2. They were young and underweight at the onset of their illness, but were resistant to insulin. If their diabetic control deteriorated, unlike in type 1 diabetes, the profound glycosuria was not accompanied with ketosis. He called this third type, type J,[9][10] where J stands for Jamaica.[11] It was later given various names including atypical diabetes and phasic insulin-dependent diabetes, eventually being referred to as atypical ketosis-prone diabetes or type 1B diabetes in the WHO classification.[11]
He returned to the U.K. after three years to become a consultant physician to the Hammersmith Hospital and a lecturer at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School.[2]
He joined King's College Hospital in 1964 where he continued his work in lung disease and set up their chest unit for the study and treatment of asthma, lung diseases, and sleep disorders.[2] He was president of The Thoracic Society in 1979.[12]
In 2000 he gave an oral history interview about his life to Queen Mary University of London.[5]
Death
Hugh-Jones died on 1 June 2010.[2] His funeral was held at West Norwood Crematorium.[13]
Personal life
Hugh-Jones was first married, in 1940, to Sheila Hails with whom he had two sons and a daughter. His second marriage was to Hilary which produced a fourth child.[2]
He was a keen mountaineer and took friends, family, and colleagues on trips to the peaks of South America and Wales. He was an amateur painter.[3] He suffered from bi-polar disorder throughout his life.[2]
Selected publications
- "Diabetes in Jamaica", The Lancet, Vol. 266, No. 6896 (29 October 1955), pp. 891-897. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(55)92530-7.
- "Anaesthesia for the Respiratory Cripple", Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, Vol. 59, June 1966, pp. 519-522.
- "What's Wrong With the Funding of Cancer Research?", The British Medical Journal, Vol. 284, 1 May 1982, pp. 1325-1327.
- "A Rewarding Combination", Thorax. Vol. 47, No. 9 (Sept. 1992) p. 729.
References
- ^ Philip Edward Morrell by George Charles Beresford. National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Munks Roll Details for Philip Hugh-Jones". munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ a b Kings College, Cambridge. (2011) Annual Report 2011. Cambridge: Kings College, Cambridge. pp. 151-154.
- ^ Stephen Hugh-Jones interviewed by Alan Macfarlane, 14th February 2007. alanmacfarlane.com Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ a b Hugh-Jones, Philip: transcript of an audio interview (05-Jul-2000). Queen Mary University of London. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ Rachmiel, Rachmiel (1979). "The Endocrine Pancreas, past and present". In Klachko, David M.; Anderson, Ralph R.; Burns, Thomas W.; Werner, Harold V. (eds.). The Endocrine Pancreas and Juvenile Diabetes. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 2–3. ISBN 978-1-4684-8510-3.
- ^ a b Bennett, Peter H. (1985). "Basis of the Present Classification of Diabetes". In Mladen Vranic et al (Eds.) (ed.). Comparison of Type I and Type II Diabetes: Similarities and Dissimilarities in Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Complications. NewYork: Springer. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-1-4757-1850-8.
- ^ Glasner, Peter. (Ed.) (2018). Reconfiguring Nature: Issues and Debates in the New Genetics. Taylor & Francis. p. 263. ISBN 978-1-351-16970-7.
- ^ Tulloch, J. A.; Macintosh, D. (1961-07-15). ""J"-Type Diabetes". The Lancet. Originally published as Volume 2, Issue 7194. 278 (7194): 119–121. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(61)92645-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ^ Morrison, E. Y.; Ragoobirsingh, D. (July 1992). "J type diabetes revisited" (PDF). Journal of the National Medical Association. 84 (7): 603–608. ISSN 0027-9684. PMC 2571706. PMID 1629924.
- ^ a b Dagogo-Jack, Sam (Ed.) (2017). Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries and Underserved Communities. Springer. ISBN 9783319415598.
- ^ "The Thoracic Society: A Retrospect" by J. G. Scadding, Thorax, Vol. 38 (1983), pp. 88-92.
- ^ Philip Morrell Hugh-Jones. Legacy.com Retrieved 15 January 2019.