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==Research==
==Research==
Lehmann published her first paper in 1981 under her Fulbright Fellowship mentor Campos-Ortega, detailing her study of early [[neurogenesis]] in ''Drosphila'' and the effects of lethal mutations on neural and epidermal cell precursors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lehmann|first=Ruth|last2=Dietrich|first2=Ursula|last3=Jiménez|first3=F.|last4=Campos-Ortega|first4=J. A.|date=1981-07-01|title=Mutations of early neurogenesis in Drosophila|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00848307|journal=Wilhelm Roux's archives of developmental biology|language=en|volume=190|issue=4|pages=226–229|doi=10.1007/bf00848307|issn=0340-0794|via=}}</ref> Under Nüsslein-Volhard, Lehmann began to study maternal genes like [[OSCAR (gene)|oskar]], pumilio, and [[Nanos (gene)|nanos]], comparing the effects of maternal versus zygotic genes in germ cell formation, abdominal patterning, and cell signaling.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lehmann|first=Ruth|last2=Nüsslein-Volhard|first2=Christiane|date=1987-09-10|title=Involvement of the pumilio gene in the transport of an abdominal signal in the Drosophila embryo|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/329167a0|journal=Nature|language=En|volume=329|issue=6135|pages=167–170|doi=10.1038/329167a0|issn=1476-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lehmann|first=Ruth|date=1988-10-01|title=Phenotypic comparison between maternal and zygotic genes controlling the segmental pattern of the Drosophila embryo|url=http://dev.biologists.org/content/104/Supplement/17|journal=Development|language=en|volume=104|issue=Supplement|pages=17–27|issn=0950-1991}}</ref> Using molecular cloning techniques, she discovered that oskar and nanos RNA transcripts regulate gene expression and germ cell formation by localizing at the posterior embryonic pole.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Chagnovich|first=D.|last2=Lehmann|first2=R.|date=2001-09-25|title=Poly(A)-independent regulation of maternal hunchback translation in the Drosophila embryo|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=98|issue=20|pages=11359–11364|doi=10.1073/pnas.201284398|issn=0027-8424|pmid=11562474|pmc=58734}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gavis|first=Elizabeth R.|last2=Lehmann|first2=Ruth|date=1994-05-26|title=Translational regulation of nanos by RNA localization|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/369315a0|journal=Nature|language=En|volume=369|issue=6478|pages=315–318|doi=10.1038/369315a0|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> Her later work continues to build on this discovery by analyzing modification mechanisms of RNA transcript production and how they affect germ cell differentiation and localization in ''Drosophila''. Among other mechanisms, her laboratory discovered that a polyadenylated tail is not required for gene regulation.<ref name=":0" />
Lehmann published her first paper in 1981 under her Fulbright Fellowship mentor Campos-Ortega, detailing her study of early [[neurogenesis]] in ''Drosphila'' and the effects of lethal mutations on neural and epidermal cell precursors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lehmann|first=Ruth|last2=Dietrich|first2=Ursula|last3=Jiménez|first3=F.|last4=Campos-Ortega|first4=J. A.|date=1981-07-01|title=Mutations of early neurogenesis in Drosophila|journal=Wilhelm Roux's Archives of Developmental Biology|language=en|volume=190|issue=4|pages=226–229|doi=10.1007/bf00848307|pmid=28305572|issn=0340-0794}}</ref> Under Nüsslein-Volhard, Lehmann began to study maternal genes like [[OSCAR (gene)|oskar]], pumilio, and [[Nanos (gene)|nanos]], comparing the effects of maternal versus zygotic genes in germ cell formation, abdominal patterning, and cell signaling.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lehmann|first=Ruth|last2=Nüsslein-Volhard|first2=Christiane|date=1987-09-10|title=Involvement of the pumilio gene in the transport of an abdominal signal in the Drosophila embryo|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/329167a0|journal=Nature|language=En|volume=329|issue=6135|pages=167–170|doi=10.1038/329167a0|issn=1476-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lehmann|first=Ruth|date=1988-10-01|title=Phenotypic comparison between maternal and zygotic genes controlling the segmental pattern of the Drosophila embryo|url=http://dev.biologists.org/content/104/Supplement/17|journal=Development|language=en|volume=104|issue=Supplement|pages=17–27|issn=0950-1991}}</ref> Using molecular cloning techniques, she discovered that oskar and nanos RNA transcripts regulate gene expression and germ cell formation by localizing at the posterior embryonic pole.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Chagnovich|first=D.|last2=Lehmann|first2=R.|date=2001-09-25|title=Poly(A)-independent regulation of maternal hunchback translation in the Drosophila embryo|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=98|issue=20|pages=11359–11364|doi=10.1073/pnas.201284398|issn=0027-8424|pmid=11562474|pmc=58734}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gavis|first=Elizabeth R.|last2=Lehmann|first2=Ruth|date=1994-05-26|title=Translational regulation of nanos by RNA localization|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/369315a0|journal=Nature|language=En|volume=369|issue=6478|pages=315–318|doi=10.1038/369315a0|pmid=7514276|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> Her later work continues to build on this discovery by analyzing modification mechanisms of RNA transcript production and how they affect germ cell differentiation and localization in ''Drosophila''. Among other mechanisms, her laboratory discovered that a polyadenylated tail is not required for gene regulation.<ref name=":0" />


Lehmann continued to focus her research efforts on germ cell differentiation well into the early 2000s. She played a substantial role in the discovery of germ cell migratory pathways (namely those involving [[gap junction]]s, [[G protein–coupled receptor|G protein-coupled receptors]] like Tre-1, and [[isoprenoids]]), particularly those concerning migration into the ovaries and testis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kunwar|first=Prabhat S.|last2=Starz-Gaiano|first2=Michelle|last3=Bainton|first3=Roland J.|last4=Heberlein|first4=Ulrike|last5=Lehmann|first5=Ruth|date=2003-12-22|title=Tre1, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor, Directs Transepithelial Migration of Drosophila Germ Cells|url=http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0000080|journal=PLOS Biology|volume=1|issue=3|pages=e80|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0000080|issn=1545-7885}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gilboa|first=Lilach|last2=Forbes|first2=Alexandria|last3=Tazuke|first3=Salli I.|last4=Fuller|first4=Margaret T.|last5=Lehmann|first5=Ruth|date=2003-12-29|title=Germ line stem cell differentiation in Drosophila requires gap junctions and proceeds via an intermediate state|url=http://dev.biologists.org/content/130/26/6625|journal=Development|language=en|volume=130|issue=26|pages=6625–6634|doi=10.1242/dev.00853|issn=0950-1991|pmid=14660550}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Santos|first=Ana C|last2=Lehmann|first2=Ruth|title=Isoprenoids Control Germ Cell Migration Downstream of HMGCoA Reductase|url=https://plu.mx/plum/a/?doi=10.1016/S1534-5807(04)00023-1|journal=Developmental Cell|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=283–293|doi=10.1016/s1534-5807(04)00023-1|year=2004}}</ref> In 2005, Lehmann’s laboratory published a paper relating the lipid [[phosphatase]]s Wunen and Wunen 2 to germ cell migration and elimination, suggesting that germ cells are sorted into the gonads by a type of repellent mechanism.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sano|first=Hiroko|last2=Renault|first2=Andrew D.|last3=Lehmann|first3=Ruth|date=2005-11-21|title=Control of lateral migration and germ cell elimination by the Drosophila melanogaster lipid phosphate phosphatases Wunen and Wunen 2|journal=The Journal of Cell Biology|volume=171|issue=4|pages=675–683|doi=10.1083/jcb.200506038|issn=0021-9525|pmc=2171572|pmid=16301333}}</ref> Her findings up to this point indicated that germ cells avoid differentiation into somatic cells through a combination of her previously studied regulatory mechanisms, each of which has the potential to silence transcription and control translation.
Lehmann continued to focus her research efforts on germ cell differentiation well into the early 2000s. She played a substantial role in the discovery of germ cell migratory pathways (namely those involving [[gap junction]]s, [[G protein–coupled receptor|G protein-coupled receptors]] like Tre-1, and [[isoprenoids]]), particularly those concerning migration into the ovaries and testis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kunwar|first=Prabhat S.|last2=Starz-Gaiano|first2=Michelle|last3=Bainton|first3=Roland J.|last4=Heberlein|first4=Ulrike|last5=Lehmann|first5=Ruth|date=2003-12-22|title=Tre1, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor, Directs Transepithelial Migration of Drosophila Germ Cells|journal=PLOS Biology|volume=1|issue=3|pages=e80|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0000080|pmid=14691551|issn=1545-7885}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gilboa|first=Lilach|last2=Forbes|first2=Alexandria|last3=Tazuke|first3=Salli I.|last4=Fuller|first4=Margaret T.|last5=Lehmann|first5=Ruth|date=2003-12-29|title=Germ line stem cell differentiation in Drosophila requires gap junctions and proceeds via an intermediate state|url=http://dev.biologists.org/content/130/26/6625|journal=Development|language=en|volume=130|issue=26|pages=6625–6634|doi=10.1242/dev.00853|issn=0950-1991|pmid=14660550}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Santos|first=Ana C|last2=Lehmann|first2=Ruth|title=Isoprenoids Control Germ Cell Migration Downstream of HMGCoA Reductase|journal=Developmental Cell|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=283–293|doi=10.1016/s1534-5807(04)00023-1|year=2004}}</ref> In 2005, Lehmann’s laboratory published a paper relating the lipid [[phosphatase]]s Wunen and Wunen 2 to germ cell migration and elimination, suggesting that germ cells are sorted into the gonads by a type of repellent mechanism.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sano|first=Hiroko|last2=Renault|first2=Andrew D.|last3=Lehmann|first3=Ruth|date=2005-11-21|title=Control of lateral migration and germ cell elimination by the Drosophila melanogaster lipid phosphate phosphatases Wunen and Wunen 2|journal=The Journal of Cell Biology|volume=171|issue=4|pages=675–683|doi=10.1083/jcb.200506038|issn=0021-9525|pmc=2171572|pmid=16301333}}</ref> Her findings up to this point indicated that germ cells avoid differentiation into somatic cells through a combination of her previously studied regulatory mechanisms, each of which has the potential to silence transcription and control translation.


Currently, Lehmann is studying [[Piwi-interacting RNA|piRNA]] production and the role it plays in preventing [[transposable element]] insertion and movement across the ''Drosophila'' genome.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rangan|first=Prashanth|last2=Malone|first2=Colin D.|last3=Navarro|first3=Caryn|last4=Newbold|first4=Sam P.|last5=Hayes|first5=Patrick S.|last6=Sachidanandam|first6=Ravi|last7=Hannon|first7=Gregory J.|last8=Lehmann|first8=Ruth|date=2011-08-23|title=piRNA production requires heterochromatin formation in Drosophila|journal=Current Biology|volume=21|issue=16|pages=1373–1379|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.057|issn=1879-0445|pmc=3205116|pmid=21820311}}</ref> She discovered that biogenesis of piRNAs and activation of the piRNA pathway is directly dependent on a number of proteins and epigenetic interactions. These results indicate that piRNAs play a paramount role in maintaining genomic integrity while allowing for genetic variation to occur.
Currently, Lehmann is studying [[Piwi-interacting RNA|piRNA]] production and the role it plays in preventing [[transposable element]] insertion and movement across the ''Drosophila'' genome.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rangan|first=Prashanth|last2=Malone|first2=Colin D.|last3=Navarro|first3=Caryn|last4=Newbold|first4=Sam P.|last5=Hayes|first5=Patrick S.|last6=Sachidanandam|first6=Ravi|last7=Hannon|first7=Gregory J.|last8=Lehmann|first8=Ruth|date=2011-08-23|title=piRNA production requires heterochromatin formation in Drosophila|journal=Current Biology|volume=21|issue=16|pages=1373–1379|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.057|issn=1879-0445|pmc=3205116|pmid=21820311}}</ref> She discovered that biogenesis of piRNAs and activation of the piRNA pathway is directly dependent on a number of proteins and epigenetic interactions. These results indicate that piRNAs play a paramount role in maintaining genomic integrity while allowing for genetic variation to occur.

Revision as of 22:27, 3 February 2019

Ruth Lehmann
Alma materUniversity of Tübingen
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsDevelopmental and cell biology
InstitutionsNew York University School of Medicine
Doctoral advisorChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Websitelehmannlab.med.nyu.edu

Ruth Lehmann is a developmental and cell biologist at the New York University School of Medicine, where she is the Director of the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, the Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Professor of Cell Biology, and the Chair of the Department of Cell Biology. Her research focuses on germ cells and embryogenesis.[1]

Early life

Lehmann initially became interested in science during her early years at home.[2] Her mother served as a teacher and loved both the arts and literature, while her father worked as an engineer. She developed a particular interest in biology, which was in part fueled by a high school biology teacher who encouraged her to pursue the subject at a university.

Education

Lehmann attended the University of Tübingen in Germany to pursue a major in biology.[3] Despite her love for the subject, she was unhappy with the teaching environment and found the courses tedious.[2] Following strong encouragement from American faculty, she applied for and was granted a Fulbright Fellowship in 1977 to study ecology in the United States.[4] During her time in the US she worked in Seattle, Washington under Gerold Schubiger, a geneticist studying fruit fly development. Following her year-long fellowship, Lehmann attended a conference held by the Society for Developmental Biology.[2] There she met her future mentor and friend Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard. Nüsslein-Volhard referred Lehmann to José Campos-Ortega, a researcher at Freiburg University studying the neurobiology of Drosophila. Lehmann worked closely with both Campos-Ortega and Nüsslein-Volhard, eventually returning to Tübingen with Nüsslein-Volhard the following year to earn her Ph.D studying maternal genes affecting embryonic development in fruit flies.[4] Lehmann then accepted a post-doctoral position at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England.

Academic career

Following her post-doctoral position at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lehmann returned to the United States to found her own laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[4] She remained at MIT for 8 years, serving as a faculty member at both MIT and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, in addition to working as a geneticist and molecular biologist at the Massachusetts General Hospital.[3] Lehmann then moved to the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine at New York University in 1996 as the Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Professor of Cell Biology. She has since become the director of the Skirball Institute and the Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, and has recently been named chair of the Cell Biology Department.[5] Lehmann has served as president of the Society of Developmental Biology, president of the Harvey Society, and council member of the American Society for Cell Biology. In addition, she has founded and advised graduate programs for NYU Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, University of California San Francisco, and more. She is on the Council for the National Institute of Child Health and serves as editor for a number of scientific journals in Cell and Developmental Biology.

Awards, Honors, and Tributes

Lehman has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 2005, one of the most prestigious honorary organizations for scientists in the nation.[3] She was also named a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, as well as the European Molecular Biology Organization. In 2011 she was awarded the Conklin Medal of the Society of Developmental Biology.

Research

Lehmann published her first paper in 1981 under her Fulbright Fellowship mentor Campos-Ortega, detailing her study of early neurogenesis in Drosphila and the effects of lethal mutations on neural and epidermal cell precursors.[6] Under Nüsslein-Volhard, Lehmann began to study maternal genes like oskar, pumilio, and nanos, comparing the effects of maternal versus zygotic genes in germ cell formation, abdominal patterning, and cell signaling.[7][8] Using molecular cloning techniques, she discovered that oskar and nanos RNA transcripts regulate gene expression and germ cell formation by localizing at the posterior embryonic pole.[9][10] Her later work continues to build on this discovery by analyzing modification mechanisms of RNA transcript production and how they affect germ cell differentiation and localization in Drosophila. Among other mechanisms, her laboratory discovered that a polyadenylated tail is not required for gene regulation.[9]

Lehmann continued to focus her research efforts on germ cell differentiation well into the early 2000s. She played a substantial role in the discovery of germ cell migratory pathways (namely those involving gap junctions, G protein-coupled receptors like Tre-1, and isoprenoids), particularly those concerning migration into the ovaries and testis.[11][12][13] In 2005, Lehmann’s laboratory published a paper relating the lipid phosphatases Wunen and Wunen 2 to germ cell migration and elimination, suggesting that germ cells are sorted into the gonads by a type of repellent mechanism.[14] Her findings up to this point indicated that germ cells avoid differentiation into somatic cells through a combination of her previously studied regulatory mechanisms, each of which has the potential to silence transcription and control translation.

Currently, Lehmann is studying piRNA production and the role it plays in preventing transposable element insertion and movement across the Drosophila genome.[15] She discovered that biogenesis of piRNAs and activation of the piRNA pathway is directly dependent on a number of proteins and epigenetic interactions. These results indicate that piRNAs play a paramount role in maintaining genomic integrity while allowing for genetic variation to occur.

References

  1. ^ "Lehmann Lab". Lehmann Lab. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Sedwick, Caitlin (2011-09-05). "Ruth Lehmann: Germ cells do things differently". The Journal of Cell Biology. 194 (5): 660–661. doi:10.1083/jcb.1945pi. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 3171127. PMID 21893593.
  3. ^ a b c "Ruth Lehmann named as Department Chair | Department of Cell Biology". med.nyu.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-25.
  4. ^ a b c "Ruth Lehmann, PhD | HHMI.org". HHMI.org. Retrieved 2017-11-25.
  5. ^ "Ruth Lehmann". www.sdbonline.org. Retrieved 2017-11-25.
  6. ^ Lehmann, Ruth; Dietrich, Ursula; Jiménez, F.; Campos-Ortega, J. A. (1981-07-01). "Mutations of early neurogenesis in Drosophila". Wilhelm Roux's Archives of Developmental Biology. 190 (4): 226–229. doi:10.1007/bf00848307. ISSN 0340-0794. PMID 28305572.
  7. ^ Lehmann, Ruth; Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane (1987-09-10). "Involvement of the pumilio gene in the transport of an abdominal signal in the Drosophila embryo". Nature. 329 (6135): 167–170. doi:10.1038/329167a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  8. ^ Lehmann, Ruth (1988-10-01). "Phenotypic comparison between maternal and zygotic genes controlling the segmental pattern of the Drosophila embryo". Development. 104 (Supplement): 17–27. ISSN 0950-1991.
  9. ^ a b Chagnovich, D.; Lehmann, R. (2001-09-25). "Poly(A)-independent regulation of maternal hunchback translation in the Drosophila embryo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (20): 11359–11364. doi:10.1073/pnas.201284398. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 58734. PMID 11562474.
  10. ^ Gavis, Elizabeth R.; Lehmann, Ruth (1994-05-26). "Translational regulation of nanos by RNA localization". Nature. 369 (6478): 315–318. doi:10.1038/369315a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 7514276.
  11. ^ Kunwar, Prabhat S.; Starz-Gaiano, Michelle; Bainton, Roland J.; Heberlein, Ulrike; Lehmann, Ruth (2003-12-22). "Tre1, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor, Directs Transepithelial Migration of Drosophila Germ Cells". PLOS Biology. 1 (3): e80. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0000080. ISSN 1545-7885. PMID 14691551.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ^ Gilboa, Lilach; Forbes, Alexandria; Tazuke, Salli I.; Fuller, Margaret T.; Lehmann, Ruth (2003-12-29). "Germ line stem cell differentiation in Drosophila requires gap junctions and proceeds via an intermediate state". Development. 130 (26): 6625–6634. doi:10.1242/dev.00853. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID 14660550.
  13. ^ Santos, Ana C; Lehmann, Ruth (2004). "Isoprenoids Control Germ Cell Migration Downstream of HMGCoA Reductase". Developmental Cell. 6 (2): 283–293. doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(04)00023-1.
  14. ^ Sano, Hiroko; Renault, Andrew D.; Lehmann, Ruth (2005-11-21). "Control of lateral migration and germ cell elimination by the Drosophila melanogaster lipid phosphate phosphatases Wunen and Wunen 2". The Journal of Cell Biology. 171 (4): 675–683. doi:10.1083/jcb.200506038. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2171572. PMID 16301333.
  15. ^ Rangan, Prashanth; Malone, Colin D.; Navarro, Caryn; Newbold, Sam P.; Hayes, Patrick S.; Sachidanandam, Ravi; Hannon, Gregory J.; Lehmann, Ruth (2011-08-23). "piRNA production requires heterochromatin formation in Drosophila". Current Biology. 21 (16): 1373–1379. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.057. ISSN 1879-0445. PMC 3205116. PMID 21820311.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Lehmann&oldid=881645954"