Hippodraco: Difference between revisions
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| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|124}} |
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|124}} |
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| image = |
| image = Life restoration of Hippodraco.jpg |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption = Life restoration of ''Hippodraco scutodens''. |
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| taxon = Hippodraco |
| taxon = Hippodraco |
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| authority = McDonald ''et al.'', 2010 |
| authority = McDonald ''et al.'', 2010 |
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''''' |
Hippodraco (meaning '''''Horse Dragon''''' from the Greek word '''''Hippos''''' and the Latin word '''''Draco''''') is a genus of [[herbivorous]] [[iguanodontian]] [[dinosaur]]. It is a [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[iguanodontian]] which lived during the [[Early Cretaceous]] [[period (geology)|period]] during the [[Barremian]] [[Stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] in what is now [[Utah]], [[United States]]. It contains a single [[species]]: ''Hippodraco scutodens''. The [[holotype]] is assigned to a single immature individual: '''UMNH VP 20208'''.<ref name="McDonald">{{Cite journal |vauthors=McDonald AT, Kirkland JI, DeBlieux DD, Madsen SK, Cavin J, etal |year=2010 |title= New Basal Iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the Evolution of Thumb-Spiked Dinosaurs. |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0014075 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages= e14075 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0014075 |pmid=21124919 |pmc=2989904}}</ref> |
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[[File:Life restoration of Hippodraco.jpg|thumb|left|Life restoration of ''H. scutodens'']] |
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==Etymology== |
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'''Hippodraco scutodens''', a combination of the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] word '''''άλογο'''''/'''''Hippos''''' (meaning horse), the [[Latin]] words: '''''Draco''''' (meaning dragon), '''''Scutum''''' (meaning shield), '''''Dens''''' (meaning tooth), in relation to the elongated shape of the [[skull]] resembling a [[Horse#Skeletal system|horse skull]] and the shield-shaped [[dentary]] [[tooth]] [[Crown (tooth)|crowns]]. The meaning of the [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial]] is '''''Shield-Toothed Horse Dragon'''''.<ref name="McDonald"/> |
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==Discovery== |
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The [[holotype]] of Hippodraco, '''UMNH VP 20208''', was discovered in 2004 by Andrew R. C. Milner and later named in 2010 by Andrew T. McDonald, James I. Kirkland, Andrew R. C. Milner, Scott K. Madsen, Donald D. DeBlieux, Jennifer Cavin and Lukas Panzarin. '''UMNH VP 20208''' was unearthed from the '''Yellow Cat Member''' of the [[Cedar Mountain Formation]], [[Utah]], at a site known as '''Andrew's Site''', dating from the [[Barremian]] [[Stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] in the [[Early Cretaceous]] [[period (geology)|period]].<ref name="McDonald"/> |
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==Description== |
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[[File:Hippodraco size.png|thumb|left|Estimated size of Hippodraco's holotype.]] |
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[[File:Reconstruction of Hippodraco.jpg|thumb|right|Diagram showing known elements.]] |
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[[File:Hippodraco scutodens salt lake city.jpg|thumb|right|Preserved left side of the skull.]] |
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Hippodraco is a small [[Iguanodontia|iguanodontid]], the remains shows that the [[Biological specimen|specimen]] reached 4.5 meters in length, however, these estimations should ''not'' be considered accurate, a large [[Orbit (anatomy)|orbital]] in the [[skull]] indicates that the animal is immature. '''UMNH VP 20208''' is a fragmentary [[holotype]], cranial elements includes: fragmented [[skull]] and [[dentary]] [[teeth]]. Body remains: [[vertebrae]] (dorsal, caudal and cervical), right [[humerus]], right [[scapula]], left [[ischium]], right [[tibia]], right [[femur]] and left [[metatarsals]]. The left side of the [[skull]] is well preserved, although the right side is very fragmented. The left [[dentary]] is preserved on the [[skull]] along with [[teeth]], which, have ''shield-shaped'' [[Crown (tooth)|crowns]]. The [[lacrimal bone]] closely resembles those of [[Dakotadon]] and [[Theiophytalia]]. [[Vertebrae]] indicates a characteristic [[iguanodont]] body shape. Most of the body remains are gracile, such as the right [[humerus]] and [[scapula]], the right [[tibia]] and [[femur]] are fragmented, having irregular surfaces. The [[metatarsus]] is nearly complete, identified ''[[Metatarsals]]'' are ''II'', ''III'' and ''IV'' with ''[[Digit (anatomy)#Bird and theropod dinosaur digits|Digits]]'' ''II'' and ''III'', lacking ''[[Digit (anatomy)#Bird and theropod dinosaur digits|Digit]]'' ''I''. It is very similiar to those of [[Camptosaurus]] and [[Iguanodon]].<ref name="McDonald"/> |
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==Paleoecology== |
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The '''Yellow Cat Member''' had a rich [[fauna]], in which, Hippodraco was recovered, contemporaneous [[animals]] from the '''Yellow Cat''' and '''Poison Strip Members''' are: other ''[[ornithopods]]'' ([[Cedrorestes]], [[Iguanacolossus]] and [[Planicoxa]]), ''[[sauropods]]'' ([[Cedarosaurus]], [[Mierasaurus]], [[Moabosaurus]] and [[Venenosaurus]]), ''[[therizinosaurids]]'' ([[Falcarius]] and [[Martharaptor]]), the ''[[troodontid]]'' [[Geminiraptor]], the ''[[ornithomimid]]'' [[Nedcolbertia]] and ''[[dromaeosaurids]]'' ([[Utahraptor]] and [[Yurgovuchia]]). From these '''Members''' of the [[Cedar Mountain Formation]], [[crocodile]], [[mammal]], [[fish]], [[bird]] and [[turtle]] [[fossils]] have been recovered.<ref>{{cite book|last=Paul|first=Gregory S.|title=The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd Edition)|date=2016|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691167664|pages=151, 163, 229, 252, 314, 319, 326, 327}}</ref> Other ''[[dromaeosaurids]]'' with fragmented remains are also known from the [[Geological formation|formation]]: an indeterminate ''[[eudromaeosaur]]'' ('''UMNH VP 20209''') and an indeterminate ''[[Velociraptorinae|velociraptorine]]'' ('''UMNH VP 21752'''). <ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Senter | first1 = P. | last2 = Kirkland | first2 = J. I. | last3 = Deblieux | first3 = D. D. | last4 = Madsen | first4 = S. | last5 = Toth | first5 = N. | editor1-last = Dodson | editor1-first = Peter | title = New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0036790 | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = e36790 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22615813| pmc = 3352940}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Taxa named by James Kirkland]] |
[[Category:Taxa named by James Kirkland]] |
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[[Category:Paleontology in Utah]] |
[[Category:Paleontology in Utah]] |
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{{ornithopod-stub}} |
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Revision as of 05:17, 3 August 2019
| Hippodraco Temporal range: Early Cretaceous,
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|---|---|
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| Life restoration of Hippodraco scutodens. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | †Ornithischia |
| Clade: | †Ornithopoda |
| Clade: | †Styracosterna |
| Genus: | †Hippodraco McDonald et al., 2010 |
| Species | |
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Hippodraco (meaning Horse Dragon from the Greek word Hippos and the Latin word Draco) is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur. It is a basal iguanodontian which lived during the Early Cretaceous period during the Barremian stage in what is now Utah, United States. It contains a single species: Hippodraco scutodens. The holotype is assigned to a single immature individual: UMNH VP 20208.[1]
Etymology
Hippodraco scutodens, a combination of the Greek word άλογο/Hippos (meaning horse), the Latin words: Draco (meaning dragon), Scutum (meaning shield), Dens (meaning tooth), in relation to the elongated shape of the skull resembling a horse skull and the shield-shaped dentary tooth crowns. The meaning of the binomial is Shield-Toothed Horse Dragon.[1]
Discovery
The holotype of Hippodraco, UMNH VP 20208, was discovered in 2004 by Andrew R. C. Milner and later named in 2010 by Andrew T. McDonald, James I. Kirkland, Andrew R. C. Milner, Scott K. Madsen, Donald D. DeBlieux, Jennifer Cavin and Lukas Panzarin. UMNH VP 20208 was unearthed from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, at a site known as Andrew's Site, dating from the Barremian stage in the Early Cretaceous period.[1]
Description
Hippodraco is a small iguanodontid, the remains shows that the specimen reached 4.5 meters in length, however, these estimations should not be considered accurate, a large orbital in the skull indicates that the animal is immature. UMNH VP 20208 is a fragmentary holotype, cranial elements includes: fragmented skull and dentary teeth. Body remains: vertebrae (dorsal, caudal and cervical), right humerus, right scapula, left ischium, right tibia, right femur and left metatarsals. The left side of the skull is well preserved, although the right side is very fragmented. The left dentary is preserved on the skull along with teeth, which, have shield-shaped crowns. The lacrimal bone closely resembles those of Dakotadon and Theiophytalia. Vertebrae indicates a characteristic iguanodont body shape. Most of the body remains are gracile, such as the right humerus and scapula, the right tibia and femur are fragmented, having irregular surfaces. The metatarsus is nearly complete, identified Metatarsals are II, III and IV with Digits II and III, lacking Digit I. It is very similiar to those of Camptosaurus and Iguanodon.[1]
Paleoecology
The Yellow Cat Member had a rich fauna, in which, Hippodraco was recovered, contemporaneous animals from the Yellow Cat and Poison Strip Members are: other ornithopods (Cedrorestes, Iguanacolossus and Planicoxa), sauropods (Cedarosaurus, Mierasaurus, Moabosaurus and Venenosaurus), therizinosaurids (Falcarius and Martharaptor), the troodontid Geminiraptor, the ornithomimid Nedcolbertia and dromaeosaurids (Utahraptor and Yurgovuchia). From these Members of the Cedar Mountain Formation, crocodile, mammal, fish, bird and turtle fossils have been recovered.[2] Other dromaeosaurids with fragmented remains are also known from the formation: an indeterminate eudromaeosaur (UMNH VP 20209) and an indeterminate velociraptorine (UMNH VP 21752). [3]
References
- ^ a b c d McDonald AT, Kirkland JI, DeBlieux DD, Madsen SK, Cavin J, et al. (2010). "New Basal Iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the Evolution of Thumb-Spiked Dinosaurs". PLoS ONE. 5 (11): e14075. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014075. PMC 2989904. PMID 21124919.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Paul, Gregory S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd Edition). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 151, 163, 229, 252, 314, 319, 326, 327. ISBN 9780691167664.
- ^ Senter, P.; Kirkland, J. I.; Deblieux, D. D.; Madsen, S.; Toth, N. (2012). Dodson, Peter (ed.). "New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail". PLoS ONE. 7 (5): e36790. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036790. PMC 3352940. PMID 22615813.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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