Lytta nuttalli: Difference between revisions
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'''''Lytta nuttalli''''', or '''Nuttall's blister beetle''', is a species of North American [[beetle]] first described in 1824 by [[Thomas_Say]].<ref name="itis">{{cite web |title=ITIS Standard Report Page: Lytta nuttalli |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=731756#null |website=www.itis.gov |accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Comprehensive Report Species - Lytta nuttallii |url=http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Lytta+nuttalli |website=explorer.natureserve.org |accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref>. The genus ''Lytta'' is from a Latin word suggesting ''madness''<ref>{{cite web |title=Origins of names (Entomological Etymology) - BugGuide.Net |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/13648 |website=bugguide.net |accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref> The specific ''nuttallii'' recognizes the contributions of [[Thomas Nuttall]], a contemporary of Say.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cornus nuttallii - Plant Finder |url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=279341&isprofile=0& |website=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org |accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref> |
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'''''Lytta nuttalli''''', or '''Nuttall's blister beetle''', is a species of beetle. |
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The brilliant purple and green [[iridescence|iridescent]] [[exoskeleton]] of Nuttall's blister beetles are a sharp contrast to the prairie plants of their native habitat.<ref name="Schmidt"/> This species is found in Canada (Alberta to Manitoba) and the United States (Idaho south to Arizona, east to Minnesota and New Mexico).<ref name="Schmidt"/> A [[disjunct distribution|disjunct]] population exists in eastern California restricted to higher altitudes.<ref name="Schmidt"/> |
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Nutall's blister beetles make it easy to spot in native prairie. They will release a skin irritant if squeezed. They eat rapseed plants, causing great irritation to Canadian farmers.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burgess|title=DAMAGE TO RAPESEED PLANTS BY TWO SPECIES OF BLISTER BEETLES|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/div-classtitledamage-to-rapeseed-plants-by-two-species-of-blister-beetles-coleoptera-meloidaea-hreffn01-ref-typefnspan-classsup1spanadiv/B6E43729A9A670D25F8DBD792498D205|website=Cambridge.org|accessdate=7 December 2016}}</ref> |
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This species is one of over 3,000 species included in the family [[Meloidae]] or 'blister beetles'.<ref name="BMCGenomics">{{cite journal |last1=Du |first1=Chao |last2=Zhang |first2=Lifang|last3=Lu |first3=Ting|last4=Ma |first4=Jingnan|last5=Zeng |first5=Chenjuan|last6=Yue |first6=Bisong|last7=Zhang |first7=Xiuyue|title=Mitochondrial genomes of blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae) and two large intergenic spacers in Hycleus genera |journal=BMC Genomics |date=2017 |volume=18 |issue=1 |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4102-y |accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref> Adult beetles of species in this family are able to synthesize an irritating chemical '[[cantharidin]]' that is used to deter predators.<ref name="BMCGenomics"/> |
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The larvae of blister beetles in the genus [[Lytta]] feed in the nests of solitary bees in the family [[Apidae]] on the bee larvae and the food stored by the bee for its own larvae.<ref name="Schmidt">{{cite book |last1=Schmidt |first1=Jason Patric|title=Insects of western North America: The Blister Beetles (Meloidae) of Colorado |date=2008 |publisher=C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University. |location=Fort Collins, CO}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Genus Lytta - BugGuide.Net |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/13503 |website=bugguide.net |accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Church |first1=N. S. |last2=Gerber |first2=G. H. |title=Observations on the Ontogeny and Habits of Lytta Nuttalli, L. Viridana, and L. Cyanipennis (Coleoptera: Meloidae): The Adults and Eggs|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/observations-on-the-ontogeny-and-habits-of-lytta-nuttalli-l-viridana-and-l-cyanipennis-coleoptera-meloidae-the-adults-and-eggs13/9F03B40834979A399DF18EA06947AA02 |website=The Canadian Entomologist |accessdate=17 October 2019 |pages=565–573 |language=en |doi=10.4039/Ent109565-4}}</ref> |
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As adults, 'Nuttall's blister beetles' are known to feed in groups on green plants, particularly [[legume|legumes]].<ref name="Schmidt"/><ref name="philip">{{cite book |last1=Philip |first1=Hugh |title=Field crop and forage pests and their natural enemies in western Canada : identification and management field guide. |publisher=Government of Canada |isbn=978-1-100-25768-6 |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/aac-aafc/A59-23-2015-eng.pdf |accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="BugGuide">{{cite web |title=Species Lytta nuttalli - Nuttall's Blister Beetle - BugGuide.Net |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/34945 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref><ref name="canola">{{cite web|last1=Burgess|title=Damage to Rapeseed Plants by Two Species of Blister Beetles|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/div-classtitledamage-to-rapeseed-plants-by-two-species-of-blister-beetles-coleoptera-meloidaea-hreffn01-ref-typefnspan-classsup1spanadiv/B6E43729A9A670D25F8DBD792498D205|website=Cambridge.org|accessdate=7 December 2016}}</ref> This behaviour can create problems for farmers when the beetles feed on [[soybean|soybeans]], [[melilotus|sweetclover]], [[alfalfa]], or other crops.<ref name="ndsu">{{cite web |title=Blister Beetles in Soybeans (06/28/18) — Crop & Pest Report |url=https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/cpr/entomology/blister-beetles-in-soybeans-06-28-18 |website=www.ag.ndsu.edu |accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref> Animals that eat the beetles in [[hay]] or [[forage]] may be poisoned by the beetles' chemical defense.<ref name="ndsu"/><ref name="philip"/> The beetles are not considered a serious agricultural pest as their populations are naturally limited by their need for native ground nesting bees as larvae.<ref name="philip"/><ref name="ndsu"/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 05:28, 17 October 2019
| Lytta nuttalli | |
|---|---|
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| Nuttall's blister beetle on a milkvetch plant at Waterfowl Production Area in Waubay Wetland Management District, SD | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Family: | Meloidae |
| Genus: | Lytta |
| Species: | L. nuttalli
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| Binomial name | |
| Lytta nuttalli Say, 1824
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Lytta nuttalli, or Nuttall's blister beetle, is a species of North American beetle first described in 1824 by Thomas_Say.[1][2]. The genus Lytta is from a Latin word suggesting madness[3] The specific nuttallii recognizes the contributions of Thomas Nuttall, a contemporary of Say.[4]
The brilliant purple and green iridescent exoskeleton of Nuttall's blister beetles are a sharp contrast to the prairie plants of their native habitat.[5] This species is found in Canada (Alberta to Manitoba) and the United States (Idaho south to Arizona, east to Minnesota and New Mexico).[5] A disjunct population exists in eastern California restricted to higher altitudes.[5]
This species is one of over 3,000 species included in the family Meloidae or 'blister beetles'.[6] Adult beetles of species in this family are able to synthesize an irritating chemical 'cantharidin' that is used to deter predators.[6]
The larvae of blister beetles in the genus Lytta feed in the nests of solitary bees in the family Apidae on the bee larvae and the food stored by the bee for its own larvae.[5][7][8]
As adults, 'Nuttall's blister beetles' are known to feed in groups on green plants, particularly legumes.[5][9][10][11] This behaviour can create problems for farmers when the beetles feed on soybeans, sweetclover, alfalfa, or other crops.[12] Animals that eat the beetles in hay or forage may be poisoned by the beetles' chemical defense.[12][9] The beetles are not considered a serious agricultural pest as their populations are naturally limited by their need for native ground nesting bees as larvae.[9][12]
References
- ^ "ITIS Standard Report Page: Lytta nuttalli". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ "Comprehensive Report Species - Lytta nuttallii". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ "Origins of names (Entomological Etymology) - BugGuide.Net". bugguide.net. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ "Cornus nuttallii - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Schmidt, Jason Patric (2008). Insects of western North America: The Blister Beetles (Meloidae) of Colorado. Fort Collins, CO: C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University.
- ^ a b Du, Chao; Zhang, Lifang; Lu, Ting; Ma, Jingnan; Zeng, Chenjuan; Yue, Bisong; Zhang, Xiuyue (2017). "Mitochondrial genomes of blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae) and two large intergenic spacers in Hycleus genera". BMC Genomics. 18 (1). Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ "Genus Lytta - BugGuide.Net". bugguide.net. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ Church, N. S.; Gerber, G. H. "Observations on the Ontogeny and Habits of Lytta Nuttalli, L. Viridana, and L. Cyanipennis (Coleoptera: Meloidae): The Adults and Eggs". The Canadian Entomologist. pp. 565–573. doi:10.4039/Ent109565-4. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ a b c Philip, Hugh. Field crop and forage pests and their natural enemies in western Canada : identification and management field guide (PDF). Government of Canada. ISBN 978-1-100-25768-6. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ "Species Lytta nuttalli - Nuttall's Blister Beetle - BugGuide.Net". bugguide.net.
- ^ Burgess. "Damage to Rapeseed Plants by Two Species of Blister Beetles". Cambridge.org. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ a b c "Blister Beetles in Soybeans (06/28/18) — Crop & Pest Report". www.ag.ndsu.edu. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
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