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The '''Tupuangi Formation''' is a [[geological formation]] in [[New Zealand]], only exposed on [[Pitt Island]] in the [[Chatham Islands]]. It is the oldest exposed sedimentary unit within the archipelago. It was deposited in terrestrial deltaic to paralic conditions during the [[Cenomanian]] to [[Turonian]] [[Stage (stratigraphy)|stages]] of the [[Late Cretaceous]]. During this time period the Chatham Islands were attached to [[Antarctica]] within the [[Antarctic Circle]], at approximately 70° to 80° south. The lithology consists of a basal conglomerate, which grades into sandstone and carbonaceous siltstone in the upper part of the formation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris|last2=Stilwell|first2=Jeffrey D.|date=May 2013|title=Pollen and spore biostratigraphy of the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand|journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology|volume=192|pages=79–102|doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.12.008|issn=0034-6667}}</ref> The formation is notable for its fossil content, including many varieties of plant,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pole|first=Mike|last2=Philippe|first2=Marc|date=September 2010|title=Cretaceous plant fossils of Pitt Island, the Chatham group, New Zealand|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|volume=34|issue=3|pages=231–263|doi=10.1080/03115511003659085|issn=0311-5518}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris|last2=Cantrill|first2=David J.|date=2018-01-04|title=Protodammara reimatamoriori, a new species of conifer (Cupressaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, Zealandia|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|volume=43|pages=114–126|doi=10.1080/03115518.2017.1417478|issn=0311-5518}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris|last2=Tosolini|first2=Anne-Marie P.|last3=Cantrill|first3=David J.|last4=Stilwell|first4=Jeffrey D.|date=April 2015|title=Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) macroflora from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: Bryophytes, lycophytes and pteridophytes|journal=Gondwana Research|volume=27|issue=3|pages=1042–1060|doi=10.1016/j.gr.2014.03.017|issn=1342-937X|bibcode=2015GondR..27.1042M}}</ref> as well as insects including members of [[Carabidae]] and [[Buprestidae]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stilwell|first=Jeffrey D.|last2=Vitacca|first2=Jesse J.|last3=Mays|first3=Chris|date=2016-04-21|title=South polar greenhouse insects (Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, eastern Zealandia|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=502–508|doi=10.1080/03115518.2016.1144385|issn=0311-5518}}</ref> and [[acritarch]] ''[[Introvertocystis]].''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris M.|last2=Stilwell|first2=Jeffrey D.|date=December 2012|title=Judging an acritarch by its cover: the taxonomic implications of Introvertocystis rangiaotea gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand|journal=Palynology|language=en|volume=36|issue=2|pages=180–190|doi=10.1080/01916122.2011.633633|issn=0191-6122}}</ref> |
The '''Tupuangi Formation''' is a [[geological formation]] in [[New Zealand]], only exposed on [[Pitt Island]] in the [[Chatham Islands]]. It is the oldest exposed sedimentary unit within the archipelago. It was deposited in terrestrial deltaic to paralic conditions during the [[Cenomanian]] to [[Turonian]] [[Stage (stratigraphy)|stages]] of the [[Late Cretaceous]]. During this time period the Chatham Islands were attached to [[Antarctica]] within the [[Antarctic Circle]], at approximately 70° to 80° south. The lithology consists of a basal conglomerate, which grades into sandstone and carbonaceous siltstone in the upper part of the formation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris|last2=Stilwell|first2=Jeffrey D.|date=May 2013|title=Pollen and spore biostratigraphy of the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand|journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology|volume=192|pages=79–102|doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.12.008|issn=0034-6667}}</ref> The formation is notable for its fossil content, including many varieties of plant,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pole|first=Mike|last2=Philippe|first2=Marc|date=September 2010|title=Cretaceous plant fossils of Pitt Island, the Chatham group, New Zealand|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|volume=34|issue=3|pages=231–263|doi=10.1080/03115511003659085|issn=0311-5518}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris|last2=Cantrill|first2=David J.|date=2018-01-04|title=Protodammara reimatamoriori, a new species of conifer (Cupressaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, Zealandia|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|volume=43|pages=114–126|doi=10.1080/03115518.2017.1417478|issn=0311-5518}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris|last2=Tosolini|first2=Anne-Marie P.|last3=Cantrill|first3=David J.|last4=Stilwell|first4=Jeffrey D.|date=April 2015|title=Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) macroflora from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: Bryophytes, lycophytes and pteridophytes|journal=Gondwana Research|volume=27|issue=3|pages=1042–1060|doi=10.1016/j.gr.2014.03.017|issn=1342-937X|bibcode=2015GondR..27.1042M}}</ref> as well as insects including members of [[Carabidae]] and [[Buprestidae]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stilwell|first=Jeffrey D.|last2=Vitacca|first2=Jesse J.|last3=Mays|first3=Chris|date=2016-04-21|title=South polar greenhouse insects (Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, eastern Zealandia|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=502–508|doi=10.1080/03115518.2016.1144385|issn=0311-5518}}</ref> and [[acritarch]] ''[[Introvertocystis]].''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris M.|last2=Stilwell|first2=Jeffrey D.|date=December 2012|title=Judging an acritarch by its cover: the taxonomic implications of Introvertocystis rangiaotea gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand|journal=Palynology|language=en|volume=36|issue=2|pages=180–190|doi=10.1080/01916122.2011.633633|issn=0191-6122}}</ref> Amber is also known from the deposit<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stilwell|first=Jeffrey D.|last2=Langendam|first2=Andrew|last3=Mays|first3=Chris|last4=Sutherland|first4=Lachlan J. M.|last5=Arillo|first5=Antonio|last6=Bickel|first6=Daniel J.|last7=De Silva|first7=William T.|last8=Pentland|first8=Adele H.|last9=Roghi|first9=Guido|last10=Price|first10=Gregory D.|last11=Cantrill|first11=David J.|date=2020-04-02|title=Amber from the Triassic to Paleogene of Australia and New Zealand as exceptional preservation of poorly known terrestrial ecosystems|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62252-z|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=10|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-62252-z|issn=2045-2322}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 16:03, 3 April 2020
| Tupuangi Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Waihere Bay Group |
| Sub-units | Kokowai Allomember, Waihere Allomember, Morgan's Hollow Allomember |
| Underlies | Kahuitara Tuff |
| Overlies | Unseen |
| Thickness | Not bounded, 430 m (1,410 ft) exposed onshore, possibly 700 m (2,300 ft) offshore |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone, siltstone |
| Other | Conglomerate |
| Location | |
| Region | Oceania |
| Country |  New Zealand |
| Extent | Pitt Island, Chatham Islands |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Tupuangi, Pitt Island |
| Location | Northern end of Waihere Bay |
| Coordinates | 44°15′32.8″S 176°14′57.1″W / 44.259111°S 176.249194°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 78°54′S 135°54′W / 78.9°S 135.9°W |
| Thickness at type section | ~400 m (1,300 ft) |
  Tupuangi Formation (Pacific Ocean) | |
The Tupuangi Formation is a geological formation in New Zealand, only exposed on Pitt Island in the Chatham Islands. It is the oldest exposed sedimentary unit within the archipelago. It was deposited in terrestrial deltaic to paralic conditions during the Cenomanian to Turonian stages of the Late Cretaceous. During this time period the Chatham Islands were attached to Antarctica within the Antarctic Circle, at approximately 70° to 80° south. The lithology consists of a basal conglomerate, which grades into sandstone and carbonaceous siltstone in the upper part of the formation.[1] The formation is notable for its fossil content, including many varieties of plant,[2][3][4] as well as insects including members of Carabidae and Buprestidae,[5] and acritarch Introvertocystis.[6] Amber is also known from the deposit[7]
See also
References
- ^ Mays, Chris; Stilwell, Jeffrey D. (May 2013). "Pollen and spore biostratigraphy of the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 192: 79–102. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.12.008. ISSN 0034-6667.
- ^ Pole, Mike; Philippe, Marc (September 2010). "Cretaceous plant fossils of Pitt Island, the Chatham group, New Zealand". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 34 (3): 231–263. doi:10.1080/03115511003659085. ISSN 0311-5518.
- ^ Mays, Chris; Cantrill, David J. (2018-01-04). "Protodammara reimatamoriori, a new species of conifer (Cupressaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, Zealandia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 43: 114–126. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1417478. ISSN 0311-5518.
- ^ Mays, Chris; Tosolini, Anne-Marie P.; Cantrill, David J.; Stilwell, Jeffrey D. (April 2015). "Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) macroflora from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: Bryophytes, lycophytes and pteridophytes". Gondwana Research. 27 (3): 1042–1060. Bibcode:2015GondR..27.1042M. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.03.017. ISSN 1342-937X.
- ^ Stilwell, Jeffrey D.; Vitacca, Jesse J.; Mays, Chris (2016-04-21). "South polar greenhouse insects (Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, eastern Zealandia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 40 (4): 502–508. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1144385. ISSN 0311-5518.
- ^ Mays, Chris M.; Stilwell, Jeffrey D. (December 2012). "Judging an acritarch by its cover: the taxonomic implications of Introvertocystis rangiaotea gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand". Palynology. 36 (2): 180–190. doi:10.1080/01916122.2011.633633. ISSN 0191-6122.
- ^ Stilwell, Jeffrey D.; Langendam, Andrew; Mays, Chris; Sutherland, Lachlan J. M.; Arillo, Antonio; Bickel, Daniel J.; De Silva, William T.; Pentland, Adele H.; Roghi, Guido; Price, Gregory D.; Cantrill, David J. (2020-04-02). "Amber from the Triassic to Paleogene of Australia and New Zealand as exceptional preservation of poorly known terrestrial ecosystems". Scientific Reports. 10 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62252-z. ISSN 2045-2322.