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'''''Carpolobia''''' is a genus of plants in the milkwort family ([[Polygalaceae]]) that are native to Tropical Africa and Madagascar.<ref name="potw">{{cite web |title=Carpolobia G.Don |url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:32328-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |accessdate=June 30, 2020}}</ref> It was first written about in 1831 by [[George Don]], at which point 4 species were identified.<ref name="ipni">{{cite web |title=Carpolobia |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/32328-1 |website=International Plant Names Index |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |accessdate=June 30, 2020}}</ref><ref name="gdon1831">{{cite book |last1=Don |first1=George |title=A general history of the dichlamydeous plants :comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system / |date=1831 |publisher=J.G. and F. Rivington |
'''''Carpolobia''''' is a genus of plants in the milkwort family ([[Polygalaceae]]) that are native to Tropical Africa and Madagascar.<ref name="potw">{{cite web |title=Carpolobia G.Don |url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:32328-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |accessdate=June 30, 2020}}</ref> It was first written about in 1831 by [[George Don]], at which point 4 species were identified.<ref name="ipni">{{cite web |title=Carpolobia |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/32328-1 |website=International Plant Names Index |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |accessdate=June 30, 2020}}</ref><ref name="gdon1831">{{cite book |last1=Don |first1=George |title=A general history of the dichlamydeous plants :comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system / |date=1831 |publisher=J.G. and F. Rivington |page=370 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/390175#page/398/mode/1up |accessdate=June 30, 2020}}</ref> In 1849, the number of accepted species went down to 2. The other 2 became part of the [[fabaceae|legume]] family.<ref name="legune1849">{{cite book |last1=Hooker |first1=William Jackson |last2=Bentham |first2=George |last3=Hooker |first3=Joseph Dalton |last4=Vogel |first4=Julius Rudolph Theodor |last5=Webb |first5=Philip Barker |title=Niger flora; or, An enumeration of the plants of western tropical Africa |date=1849 |publisher=H. Bailliere; [etc., etc.] |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/552018#page/235/mode/1up |accessdate=July 3, 2020}}</ref> The 2 species that remained, [[carpolobia alba|alba]] and [[carpolobia lutea|lutea]], were described as closely resembling each other.<ref name="1868info">{{cite book |last1=Oliver |first1=Daniel |title=Flora of tropical Africa |date=1868 |publisher=L. Reeve and co. |pages=135–136 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/347825#page/190/mode/1up |accessdate=July 2, 2020}}</ref> It was initially in the [[Polygaleae]] tribe before being split off in 1992 along with the genus [[Atroxima]] to form the new tribe of [[Carpolobieae]].<ref name="split1992">{{cite journal |last1=Eriksen |first1=Bente |s2cid=32590790 |title=Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and its taxonomic implications |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |date=1993 |volume=186 |issue=1/2 |pages=33–55 |doi=10.1007/BF00937712 |jstor=23674643 |issn=0378-2697}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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''Carpolobia'' are shrubs, small trees, or [[lianas]]. They produce flowers with 5 petals.<ref name=potw/> Its fruit are smooth, [[drupaceous]], and [[unilocular|uni-]] to tri-locular. They are {{convert|2|by|2.5|by|2.5|cm|in}} and yellow to red-orange at maturity.<ref name=potw/><ref name=1985info>{{cite journal |last1=Arboretum |first1=Arnold |title=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. |date=1985 |volume=v.66 (1985) |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9254602#page/368/mode/1up |accessdate=July 18, 2020 |publisher=Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University [etc.] |
''Carpolobia'' are shrubs, small trees, or [[lianas]]. They produce flowers with 5 petals.<ref name=potw/> Its fruit are smooth, [[drupaceous]], and [[unilocular|uni-]] to tri-locular. They are {{convert|2|by|2.5|by|2.5|cm|in}} and yellow to red-orange at maturity.<ref name=potw/><ref name=1985info>{{cite journal |last1=Arboretum |first1=Arnold |title=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. |date=1985 |volume=v.66 (1985) |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9254602#page/368/mode/1up |accessdate=July 18, 2020 |publisher=Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University [etc.]}}</ref> The fruit's [[endocarp]] and [[exocarp]] are thin and its [[mesocarp]] is fleshy.<ref name=1985info/> |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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Revision as of 23:40, 21 August 2020
| Carpolobia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Polygalaceae |
| Tribe: | Carpolobieae |
| Genus: | Carpolobia G.Don |
Carpolobia is a genus of plants in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae) that are native to Tropical Africa and Madagascar.[1] It was first written about in 1831 by George Don, at which point 4 species were identified.[2][3] In 1849, the number of accepted species went down to 2. The other 2 became part of the legume family.[4] The 2 species that remained, alba and lutea, were described as closely resembling each other.[5] It was initially in the Polygaleae tribe before being split off in 1992 along with the genus Atroxima to form the new tribe of Carpolobieae.[6]
Description
Carpolobia are shrubs, small trees, or lianas. They produce flowers with 5 petals.[1] Its fruit are smooth, drupaceous, and uni- to tri-locular. They are 2 by 2.5 by 2.5 centimetres (0.79 by 0.98 by 0.98 in) and yellow to red-orange at maturity.[1][7] The fruit's endocarp and exocarp are thin and its mesocarp is fleshy.[7]
Species
As of June 2020, there are 5 accepted species:[1]
- Carpolobia alba G.Don
- Carpolobia gabonica Breteler
- Carpolobia goetzei Gürke
- Carpolobia gossweileri (Exell) E.M.A. Petit
- Carpolobia lutea G.Don
References
- ^ a b c d "Carpolobia G.Don". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
- ^ "Carpolobia". International Plant Names Index. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
- ^ Don, George (1831). A general history of the dichlamydeous plants :comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system /. J.G. and F. Rivington. p. 370. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
- ^ Hooker, William Jackson; Bentham, George; Hooker, Joseph Dalton; Vogel, Julius Rudolph Theodor; Webb, Philip Barker (1849). Niger flora; or, An enumeration of the plants of western tropical Africa. H. Bailliere; [etc., etc.] Retrieved July 3, 2020.
- ^ Oliver, Daniel (1868). Flora of tropical Africa. L. Reeve and co. pp. 135–136. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
- ^ Eriksen, Bente (1993). "Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and its taxonomic implications". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 186 (1/2): 33–55. doi:10.1007/BF00937712. ISSN 0378-2697. JSTOR 23674643. S2CID 32590790.
- ^ a b Arboretum, Arnold (1985). "Journal of the Arnold Arboretum". v.66 (1985). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University [etc.] Retrieved July 18, 2020.
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