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NOT ALL PEOPLE ARE MUSLIMS
{{Infobox person
KURDS OR ARABS
| honorific_prefix = Sheikh Adi
| name = Adī ibn Musāfir
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1072-1078
| birth_place = Beyt Far, Baalbek
| death_date = 1162
| death_place = Lalish
| resting_place = Lalish
| occupation =
| known_for = Yazidism (Sharfadin)<ref 2015|accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref>
| predecessor = none
| successor = [[Sakhr Abu l-Barakat]]
}}


YAZIDIS ARE OLD SUMERIANS /BABYLONIANS
Sheikh '''‘Adī ibn Musāfir''' ({{lang-ku|شێخ ئادی ,Şêx Adî}},({{lang-ar|الشيخ عدي بن مسافر }} born 1072-1078, died 1162)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Enquête sur les Yézidis de Syrie et du Djebel Sindjâr|last=Lescot|first=Roger|publisher=Librairie du Liban|year=1975|isbn=|location=Beirut|pages=22}}</ref> was a Muslim<ref name="Joanna Bocheńska">{{cite book |last = Bocheńska |first =Joanna |title = Rediscovering Kurdistan’s Cultures and Identities |publisher = Palgrave Macmillan |isbn = 978-3-319-93087-9 |page = 261 |year = 2018}}</ref><ref name="Leppakari">{{cite book |last = Leppakari |first =Maria |title = Pilgrimage and Tourism to Holy Cities: Ideological and Management Perspectives |publisher = CABI |isbn = 978-1-78064-738-8 |page = 148 |year = 2017}}</ref><ref name="Deoband">{{cite web|url=https://www.deoband.org/2015/09/tasawwuf/shariah-and-tariqah-tasawwuf/shaykh-al-islam-ibn-taymiyyah-and-sufism-part-one/ |titMakki |date=20 September 2015|accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="TheHindu">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/religion-as-a-social-bond/article6745425.ece |title=Religion as a social bond |date=1 January 2015 |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Deseret">{{cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/2015/6/26/20567406/who-and-what-are-the-yezidis |title=Who and what are the Yezidis?|date=26 June 2015 |publisher=[[Deseret News]] |accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="thefreelibrary">{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Yezidis%2C+People+of+the+Spoken+Word+in+the+midst+of+People+of+the...-a066031196 |title=The Yezidis, People of the Spoken Word in the midst of People of the Book|date=22 September 1999 |publisher=[[Diogenes_(journal)]] |accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref> [[Yazidis|Yazidi]]{{Clarify|reason=|date=October 2020}} [[sheikh]] of [[Yazidi]] (Dasni) origin,<ref>{{cite book |author1=Artur Rodziewicz|title=The Nation of the Sur: The Yezidi Identity Between Modern and Ancient Myth|date=2018 |page=269|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-93088-6_7}}</ref> born in the 1070s in the village of Bait Far, in the [[Beqaa Valley]] of present-day [[Lebanon]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=|title=God and Sheikh Adi are Perfect: Sacred Poems and Religious Narratives from the Yezidi Tradition|last=Kreyenbroek|first=Philip G.|last2=Rashow|first2=Khalil Jindy|last3=Jindī|first3=Khalīl|date=2005|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2005|isbn=978-3-447-05300-6|location=Wiesbaden|pages=3|language=en}}</ref> ‘Adīs house of his birth was – and still is – a place of pious pilgrimage.<ref name="EJ Brill">{{cite book|title=The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples|year=1913|publisher=EJ Brill|location=Holland|pages=136–137}}</ref> The [[Yazidi]] consider him an [[avatar]] of [[Melek Taus|Tawûsê Melek]], which means "Peacock Angel". Muslims respect him as one of the pioneers of asceticism and the scholars of [[Sufism]] who held firmly to the [[Quran]] and [[Sunnah]].<ref name="Deoband">{{cite web|url=https://www.deoband.org/2015/09/tasawwuf/shariah-and-tariqah-tasawwuf/shaykh-al-islam-ibn-taymiyyah-and-sufism-part-one/ |title=Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah and Sufism |author1=Mawlana ‘Abd al-Hafiz al-Makki |date=20 September 2015|accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref> His tomb at [[Lalish]], [[Iraq]] is a focal point of [[Yazidi#Pilgrimage|Yazidi pilgrimage]].<ref name="Yezidis">{{Citation|last=Spät|first=Eszter|title=The Yezidis|url=|volume=|page=|pages=|publication-date=2005|year=2005|series=|edition=2|place=|location=London|publisher=Saqi|doi=|isbn=0-86356-593-X|oclc=|id=|accessdate=|author-link=}}</ref>

YAZIDI (NATION)
RELIGION YAZIDISM OR SHARFADIN

AND MILLIONS OF YAZIDI ANCESTRY
LIKE FORCED CONVERSION
ISLAM CHRISTIANITY OR ...
ASSIMILATE INTO PERSIAN KURDISH ARAB AND TURKISH CULTURE


== Overview ==
== Overview ==

Revision as of 22:08, 16 October 2020

NOT ALL PEOPLE ARE MUSLIMS KURDS OR ARABS

YAZIDIS ARE OLD SUMERIANS /BABYLONIANS

YAZIDI (NATION) RELIGION YAZIDISM OR SHARFADIN

AND MILLIONS OF YAZIDI ANCESTRY LIKE FORCED CONVERSION ISLAM CHRISTIANITY OR ... ASSIMILATE INTO PERSIAN KURDISH ARAB AND TURKISH CULTURE

Overview

Descending from the family of Marwan Ibn Hakam, the Caliph of the Umayyads, he was raised in a muslim environment.[1] His early life he spent in Baghdad, where he became a disciple of the Muslim mystic Ahmad Ghazali, among his fellow students in Ghazali's circle were the Muslim mystics Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi and Abdul Qadir Gilani[2] with the latter he undertook a journey to Mecca.[3] With time he became a teacher himself. He chose an ascetic way of life, left Baghdad and settled in Lalish.[4] Despite his desire for seclusion, he impressed the local population with his asceticism and miracles.[5][6] He became well known in present-day Iraq and Syria and disciples moved to the valley of Lalish to live close by Sheikh Adi. Following he founded the Adawiyya order.[7] The Valley of Lalish is located within the environs of the village of Ba'adra, 20 miles to the east of the Nestorian convent of Rabban-Hormizd. He did not marry and had no children.[8] Before he died, he named his successor his nephew Sakhr Abu l-Barakat.[9] As the holiest site in the Yezidi religion, his tomb (marked by three conical cupolas) still attracts a great number of people even outside holy festivals and pilgrimages. Nightly processions by torch light include exhibitions of the green colored pall, which covers the tomb; and the distribution of large trays with smoking harisa (a ragout with coagulated milk).

Physically, he was said to be very tanned and of middle stature. He lived and ascetic lifestyle in the mountains in the region north of Mosul not far from the local Hakkari Kurds. As people flocked to his residency in the hills, he would end up founding a religious order later referred to as al-'Adawiyya ('the followers of 'Adi'). He died between 1162 CE (557 Hijra) and 1160 CE (555 Hijra)[3] in the hermitage that he had built with his followers in the mountain. This hermitage within the Valley of Lalish, would continue to be occupied by his followers and his descendants until the present day despite periods of unrest, destruction, and persecution by outsiders.[10] In 1254, as a result of a violent conflict with the members of the Adawiyya order, the Atabeg of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu ordered the bones of Sheikh Adi to be exhumed and burned.[11]

Shrine and tomb of Sheikh 'Adi in the Valley of Lalish.

Books of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir

From Sheikh Adi four books have been preserved:[12]

  1. The doctrine of the Sunnis (Iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna )
  2. The Book of the formation of the soul ( Kitāb fīhi dhikr adab an-nafs )
  3. Instructions of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir to the successor ( Wasaya al Shaykh Adi ibn Musafir ila l-Halifa )
  4. Instructions to his disciple, the leading sheikh, and the other murids ( Wasaya li-Muridial Shaykh al-qaid wa-li-sāʾir al-murīdīn ), they focus on several issues but are in lone with Islamic teaching, which according to the Hanbali scholar Ibn_Taymiyyah describes Sheikh Adi as a "sincere Muslim who followed the Sunnah of the Prophet".[13]

Sheikh Adi's views about Iblis or Satan and the problem of Evil

Like his Sunni Muslim teacher Ahmad Ghazali who defended Iblis and regarded him as the paragon of lovers in self sacrifice for refusing to bow down to Adam out of pure devotion to God,[14] Sheikh Adi was among the Sunni Muslim mystics who defended Iblis, asserted that evil was also God's creation, Sheikh Adi argued that if evil existed without the will of God then God would be powerless and a powerless can't be God.[15]

Succession

Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir
Preceded by
(None)
 Shaikh of the ‘Adawiyya Ṣūfī Order Succeeded by

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Victoria Arakelova, Garnik S.Asatrian (2014). The Religion of the Peacock angel The Yezidis and their spirit world. Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-84465-761-2.
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Lescot, Roger (1975). Enquête sur les Yézidis de Syrie et du Djebel Sindjâr. Beirut: Librairie du Liban. p. 24.
  5. ^ Kreyenbroek, Philip G; Jindy Rashow, Khalil (2005), God and Sheikh Adi are Perfect: Sacred Poems and Religious Narratives from the Yezidi Tradition, Iranica, vol. 9, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 3-447-05300-3
  6. ^ "Yezidi Reformer: Sheikh Adi". The Truth about the Yezidis. YezidiTruth.org. 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-03-20. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  7. ^ Lescot, Roger (1975). Enquête sur les Yézidis de Syrie et du Djebel Sindjâr. Beirut: Librairie du Liban. p. 29.
  8. ^ Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Rashow, Khalil Jindy; Jindī, Khalīl (2005). God and Sheikh Adi are Perfect: Sacred Poems and Religious Narratives from the Yezidi Tradition. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 4. ISBN 978-3-447-05300-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  9. ^ Lescot, Roger (1975). Enquête sur les Yézidis de Syrie et du Djebel Sindjâr. Beirut: Librairie du Liban. p. 33.
  10. ^ Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (1995). Yezidism: Its Background, Observances, and Textual tradition. Lewiston, NY: E. Mellen Press. pp. 27–44. ISBN 9780773490048.
  11. ^ Lescot, Roger (1975). Enquête sur les Yézidis de Syrie et du Djebel Sindjâr. Beirut: Librairie du Liban. p. 102.
  12. ^ Dulz, Irene (2001). Die Yeziden Im Irak Zwischen Modelldorf und Flucht. Lit Verlag Münster. p. 32. ISBN 3-8258-5704-2.
  13. ^ "Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir". Memim Encyclopedia. 22 September 1999. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  14. ^ Ghorban Elmi (November 2019). "Ahmad Ghazali's Satan". Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  15. ^ Victoria Arakelova, Garnik S.Asatrian (2014). The Religion of the Peacock angel The Yezidis and their spirit world. Routledge. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-84465-761-2.
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