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'''''Oxalis articulata''''', known as '''pink-sorrel''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''pink wood sorrel''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=284829&isprofile=0&|title=Oxalis articulata subsp. rubra|website=Missouri Botanical Garden|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> '''windowbox wood-sorrel''', '''Chari amilo '''(Nepal),'''sourgrass'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.terrain.net.nz/friends-of-te-henui-group/weeds-by-scientific-names/oxalis-sourgrass.html|title=Oxalis articulata (Pink sorrel)|website=T.E.R.R.A.I.N.|access-date=2019-04-19}}</ref>''',''' '''Netho (khatta) saag''' (India)<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=Sakshi|last2=Srivastava|first2=Anuradha|last3=Lal|first3=Eugenia|date=2017|title=Food and Nutritional Security through wild edible vegetables and weeds in two district of Jharkhard, India|url=|journal=Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry|volume=6|pages=1402–1409|via=}}</ref> is a perennial plant species in the genus ''[[Oxalis]]'' native to temperate South America.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Young|first=D|date=1958|title=Oxalis in the British Isles|url=|journal=Watsonia|volume=4|pages=51–69|via=}}</ref> It has been introduced in Europe in gardens and is now naturalized in these areas.
'''''Oxalis articulata''''', known as '''pink-sorrel''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''pink wood sorrel''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=284829&isprofile=0&|title=Oxalis articulata subsp. rubra|website=Missouri Botanical Garden|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> '''windowbox wood-sorrel''', '''Chari amilo '''(Nepal),'''sourgrass'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.terrain.net.nz/friends-of-te-henui-group/weeds-by-scientific-names/oxalis-sourgrass.html|title=Oxalis articulata (Pink sorrel)|website=T.E.R.R.A.I.N.|access-date=2019-04-19}}</ref>''',''' '''Netho (khatta) saag''' (India)<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=Sakshi|last2=Srivastava|first2=Anuradha|last3=Lal|first3=Eugenia|date=2017|title=Food and Nutritional Security through wild edible vegetables and weeds in two district of Jharkhard, India|url=|journal=Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry|volume=6|pages=1402–1409|via=}}</ref> is a perennial plant species in the genus ''[[Oxalis]]'' native to temperate South America.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Young|first=D|date=1958|title=Oxalis in the British Isles|url=|journal=Watsonia|volume=4|pages=51–69|via=}}</ref> It has been introduced in Europe in gardens and is now naturalized in these areas.


The plant is susceptible to rust (disease due to the fungus ''[[Puccinia oxalidis]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tavares|first=Silvia|last2=Ramos|first2=Ana Paula|last3=Pires|first3=Ana Sofia|last4=Azinheria|first4=Helena|last5=Caldeirinha|first5=Patricia|last6=Link|first6=Tobias|last7=Abranches|first7=Rita|last8=Do Céu Silva|first8=Maria|last9=Voegele|first9=Ralf|date=2014|title=genome size analyses of Pucciniales reveal the largest fungal genomes|url=|journal=Plant Science|publisher=|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
The plant is susceptible to rust (disease due to the fungus ''[[Puccinia oxalidis]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tavares|first1=Silvia|last2=Ramos|first2=Ana Paula|last3=Pires|first3=Ana Sofia|last4=Azinheria|first4=Helena|last5=Caldeirinha|first5=Patricia|last6=Link|first6=Tobias|last7=Abranches|first7=Rita|last8=Do Céu Silva|first8=Maria|last9=Voegele|first9=Ralf|date=2014|title=genome size analyses of Pucciniales reveal the largest fungal genomes|url=|journal=Plant Science|volume=5|page=422|doi=10.3389/fpls.2014.00422|pmid=25206357|pmc=4143883}}</ref>


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== Description ==
== Description ==
As the name would imply, this variety of Oxalis typically has pink to violet flowers<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Ghahremaninejad|first=F|last2=Gholamian|first2=F|date=2006|title=A new record (Oxalis Articulata) from Iran|url=|journal=Iranian Journal of Botany|volume=12|pages=55–56|via=}}</ref> with petals 10–15&nbsp;mm long.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Oxalis~articulata|title=Oxalis articulata Savigny|website=PlantNET}}</ref> This species has "Plants arising from a thick, woody, irregularly nodulate-segmented rhizome often with persistent, thickened, and lignescent petiole bases; flowers 3–12 in umbelliform cymes, less commonly in irregular cymes".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Horne|first=Howard|last2=Barger|first2=Wayne|last3=Nesom|first3=Guy|date=2013|title=Two South American species of Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) naturalized in Alabama and the USA, first report.|url=|journal=Phytoneuron|volume=54|pages=6|via=}}</ref> The plant is a perennial and typically grows up to 45&nbsp;cm tall<ref name=":3" /> and 2&nbsp;cm in diameter.<ref name=":2" /> Spreads by rhizomes (up to 15&nbsp;cm<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Oxalis+articulata|title=Oxalis articulata|website=Useful Tropical Plants|access-date=April 18, 2019}}</ref>) to form colonies.<ref name=":0" /> It is hermaphrodite and also infrequently produces seeds in long, cylindrical capsules.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldsun.com/living/article142874129.html|title=Mystery Plant: Oxalis articulata|last=Nelson|first=John|date=April 5, 2017|website=The Herald Sun|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref>
As the name would imply, this variety of Oxalis typically has pink to violet flowers<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Ghahremaninejad|first1=F|last2=Gholamian|first2=F|date=2006|title=A new record (Oxalis Articulata) from Iran|url=|journal=Iranian Journal of Botany|volume=12|pages=55–56|via=}}</ref> with petals 10–15&nbsp;mm long.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Oxalis~articulata|title=Oxalis articulata Savigny|website=PlantNET}}</ref> This species has "Plants arising from a thick, woody, irregularly nodulate-segmented rhizome often with persistent, thickened, and lignescent petiole bases; flowers 3–12 in umbelliform cymes, less commonly in irregular cymes".<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Horne|first1=Howard|last2=Barger|first2=Wayne|last3=Nesom|first3=Guy|date=2013|title=Two South American species of Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) naturalized in Alabama and the USA, first report.|url=|journal=Phytoneuron|volume=54|pages=6|via=}}</ref> The plant is a perennial and typically grows up to 45&nbsp;cm tall<ref name=":3" /> and 2&nbsp;cm in diameter.<ref name=":2" /> Spreads by rhizomes (up to 15&nbsp;cm<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Oxalis+articulata|title=Oxalis articulata|website=Useful Tropical Plants|access-date=April 18, 2019}}</ref>) to form colonies.<ref name=":0" /> It is hermaphrodite and also infrequently produces seeds in long, cylindrical capsules.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldsun.com/living/article142874129.html|title=Mystery Plant: Oxalis articulata|last=Nelson|first=John|date=April 5, 2017|website=The Herald Sun|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref>


== Uses ==
== Uses ==
''Oxalis articulata'' has a large amount of ascorbic acid and is eaten as a vegetable by inhabitants of Jharkhand, India.<ref name=":1" />
''Oxalis articulata'' has a large amount of ascorbic acid and is eaten as a vegetable by inhabitants of Jharkhand, India.<ref name=":1" />


Oxalis articulata can be used as [[groundcover|ground cover]] in green zones to inhibit the growth of weeds in such areas and alleviate the need for herbicide. This is due to the allelopathic leachates in the leaves and exudates from the roots of living Oxalis plants which display significant inhibitory activities on the growth of other plants.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shiraishi|first=Sakaya|last2=Watanabe|first2=Izumi|last3=Kuno|first3=Katsuji|last4=Fujii|first4=Yoshiharu|date=2005|title=Evaluation of the allelopathic activity of five Oxalidaceae cover plants and the demonstration of potent weed suppression by Oxalis species|url=|journal=Weed Biology and Management|volume=5|pages=128–136|via=|doi=10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00167.x}}</ref> Oxalate extracts from the leaves have been shown to exhibit anti-fungal properties.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shiraishi|first=Sayaka|last2=Watanabe|first2=Izumi|last3=Kuno|first3=Katsuji|last4=Ishii|first4=Hideo|last5=Fujii|first5=Yoshiharu|date=2003|title=Soil drenching with water extracts of Oxalis articulata Savigny suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato.|url=|journal=Weed Biology and Management|volume=3|pages=184–188|via=|doi=10.1046/j.1445-6664.2003.00102.x}}</ref>
Oxalis articulata can be used as [[groundcover|ground cover]] in green zones to inhibit the growth of weeds in such areas and alleviate the need for herbicide. This is due to the allelopathic leachates in the leaves and exudates from the roots of living Oxalis plants which display significant inhibitory activities on the growth of other plants.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shiraishi|first1=Sakaya|last2=Watanabe|first2=Izumi|last3=Kuno|first3=Katsuji|last4=Fujii|first4=Yoshiharu|date=2005|title=Evaluation of the allelopathic activity of five Oxalidaceae cover plants and the demonstration of potent weed suppression by Oxalis species|url=|journal=Weed Biology and Management|volume=5|issue=3|pages=128–136|doi=10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00167.x}}</ref> Oxalate extracts from the leaves have been shown to exhibit anti-fungal properties.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shiraishi|first1=Sayaka|last2=Watanabe|first2=Izumi|last3=Kuno|first3=Katsuji|last4=Ishii|first4=Hideo|last5=Fujii|first5=Yoshiharu|date=2003|title=Soil drenching with water extracts of Oxalis articulata Savigny suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato.|url=|journal=Weed Biology and Management|volume=3|issue=3|pages=184–188|doi=10.1046/j.1445-6664.2003.00102.x}}</ref>


=== Ornamental use ===
=== Ornamental use ===
''Oxalis articulata'' is used as an ornamental in Turkey{{cn|date=October 2019}} and China.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=LY|last2=Jin|first2=FM|last3=Jin|first3=YJ|last4=Xui|first4=JQ|last5=Wen|first5=W|last6=Chen|first6=JH|last7=Ye|first7=D|date=February 2018|title=Responses of underground clonal storage to mowing of the alien clonal weed species Oxalis articulata.|url=|journal=Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao|volume=29|pages=501–506|via=}}</ref> The plant is not drought tolerant and soil should be kept moist. It grows best in acid or light soils. ''Oxalis articulata'' is more competitive than other species in this family, and can tolerate plant beds which are loosely populated with other greenery. However, it thrives in disturbed ground.<ref name=":2" /> Though it is hardy, it grows best in warmer areas.<ref name=":2" /> It flowers continuously from throughout the warmer months and goes dormant at first frost.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=JÁNOS|first=ÁGOSTON|date=2016|title=Investigation of the ornamental value of Bulbous Oxalis species and cultivars|url=|journal=LUCRĂRI ŞTIINŢIFICE|volume=1|pages=5–10|via=}}</ref> Out of the sun, the flowers roll up into a tube-like shape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/Flowers/S/Sorrel(Pink)/Sorrel(Pink).htm|title=Pink-Sorrel, Oxalis articulata|date=2016|website=Wild Flower Finder|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref>
''Oxalis articulata'' is used as an ornamental in Turkey{{cn|date=October 2019}} and China.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=LY|last2=Jin|first2=FM|last3=Jin|first3=YJ|last4=Xui|first4=JQ|last5=Wen|first5=W|last6=Chen|first6=JH|last7=Ye|first7=D|date=February 2018|title=Responses of underground clonal storage to mowing of the alien clonal weed species Oxalis articulata.|url=|journal=Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao|volume=29|issue=2|pages=501–506|pmid=29692064}}</ref> The plant is not drought tolerant and soil should be kept moist. It grows best in acid or light soils. ''Oxalis articulata'' is more competitive than other species in this family, and can tolerate plant beds which are loosely populated with other greenery. However, it thrives in disturbed ground.<ref name=":2" /> Though it is hardy, it grows best in warmer areas.<ref name=":2" /> It flowers continuously from throughout the warmer months and goes dormant at first frost.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=JÁNOS|first=ÁGOSTON|date=2016|title=Investigation of the ornamental value of Bulbous Oxalis species and cultivars|url=|journal=Lucrări Ştiinţifice|volume=1|pages=5–10|via=}}</ref> Out of the sun, the flowers roll up into a tube-like shape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/Flowers/S/Sorrel(Pink)/Sorrel(Pink).htm|title=Pink-Sorrel, Oxalis articulata|date=2016|website=Wild Flower Finder|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref>


== Control ==
== Control ==

Revision as of 06:26, 3 December 2020

Oxalis articulata
Oxalis articulata flowers
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Oxalidales
Family: Oxalidaceae
Genus: Oxalis
Species:
O. articulata
Binomial name
Oxalis articulata
Savign. (1798)
Subspecies
  • Oxalis articulata Savign. forma crassipes (Urb.) Lourteig, 1982
  • Oxalis articulata Savign. subspecies rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Lourteig, 1982
Synonyms

Oxalis rubra

Oxalis articulata, known as pink-sorrel,[1] pink wood sorrel,[2] windowbox wood-sorrel, Chari amilo (Nepal),sourgrass[3], Netho (khatta) saag (India)[4] is a perennial plant species in the genus Oxalis native to temperate South America.[5] It has been introduced in Europe in gardens and is now naturalized in these areas.

The plant is susceptible to rust (disease due to the fungus Puccinia oxalidis).[6]

  • Oxalis articulata Savign. forma crassipes (Urb.) Lourteig, 1982
    Oxalis articulata Savign. forma crassipes (Urb.) Lourteig, 1982
  • Oxalis articulata Savign. subspecies rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Lourteig, 1982
    Oxalis articulata Savign. subspecies rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Lourteig, 1982

Description

As the name would imply, this variety of Oxalis typically has pink to violet flowers[7] with petals 10–15 mm long.[8] This species has "Plants arising from a thick, woody, irregularly nodulate-segmented rhizome often with persistent, thickened, and lignescent petiole bases; flowers 3–12 in umbelliform cymes, less commonly in irregular cymes".[9] The plant is a perennial and typically grows up to 45 cm tall[7] and 2 cm in diameter.[5] Spreads by rhizomes (up to 15 cm[10]) to form colonies.[2] It is hermaphrodite and also infrequently produces seeds in long, cylindrical capsules.[11]

Uses

Oxalis articulata has a large amount of ascorbic acid and is eaten as a vegetable by inhabitants of Jharkhand, India.[4]

Oxalis articulata can be used as ground cover in green zones to inhibit the growth of weeds in such areas and alleviate the need for herbicide. This is due to the allelopathic leachates in the leaves and exudates from the roots of living Oxalis plants which display significant inhibitory activities on the growth of other plants.[12] Oxalate extracts from the leaves have been shown to exhibit anti-fungal properties.[13]

Ornamental use

Oxalis articulata is used as an ornamental in Turkey[citation needed] and China.[14] The plant is not drought tolerant and soil should be kept moist. It grows best in acid or light soils. Oxalis articulata is more competitive than other species in this family, and can tolerate plant beds which are loosely populated with other greenery. However, it thrives in disturbed ground.[5] Though it is hardy, it grows best in warmer areas.[5] It flowers continuously from throughout the warmer months and goes dormant at first frost.[15] Out of the sun, the flowers roll up into a tube-like shape.[16]

Control

It is regarded as a weed in many places, including South Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria.[17] As it spreads through rhizomes, care should be taken when removing to avoid leaving behind bulbs. Digging the bulbs out while soil is moist when removing can help this process.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. ^ a b "Oxalis articulata subsp. rubra". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  3. ^ "Oxalis articulata (Pink sorrel)". T.E.R.R.A.I.N. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
  4. ^ a b Gupta, Sakshi; Srivastava, Anuradha; Lal, Eugenia (2017). "Food and Nutritional Security through wild edible vegetables and weeds in two district of Jharkhard, India". Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 6: 1402–1409.
  5. ^ a b c d Young, D (1958). "Oxalis in the British Isles". Watsonia. 4: 51–69.
  6. ^ Tavares, Silvia; Ramos, Ana Paula; Pires, Ana Sofia; Azinheria, Helena; Caldeirinha, Patricia; Link, Tobias; Abranches, Rita; Do Céu Silva, Maria; Voegele, Ralf (2014). "genome size analyses of Pucciniales reveal the largest fungal genomes". Plant Science. 5: 422. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00422. PMC 4143883. PMID 25206357.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ a b Ghahremaninejad, F; Gholamian, F (2006). "A new record (Oxalis Articulata) from Iran". Iranian Journal of Botany. 12: 55–56.
  8. ^ "Oxalis articulata Savigny". PlantNET.
  9. ^ Horne, Howard; Barger, Wayne; Nesom, Guy (2013). "Two South American species of Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) naturalized in Alabama and the USA, first report". Phytoneuron. 54: 6.
  10. ^ "Oxalis articulata". Useful Tropical Plants. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  11. ^ Nelson, John (April 5, 2017). "Mystery Plant: Oxalis articulata". The Herald Sun. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  12. ^ Shiraishi, Sakaya; Watanabe, Izumi; Kuno, Katsuji; Fujii, Yoshiharu (2005). "Evaluation of the allelopathic activity of five Oxalidaceae cover plants and the demonstration of potent weed suppression by Oxalis species". Weed Biology and Management. 5 (3): 128–136. doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00167.x.
  13. ^ Shiraishi, Sayaka; Watanabe, Izumi; Kuno, Katsuji; Ishii, Hideo; Fujii, Yoshiharu (2003). "Soil drenching with water extracts of Oxalis articulata Savigny suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato". Weed Biology and Management. 3 (3): 184–188. doi:10.1046/j.1445-6664.2003.00102.x.
  14. ^ Wang, LY; Jin, FM; Jin, YJ; Xui, JQ; Wen, W; Chen, JH; Ye, D (February 2018). "Responses of underground clonal storage to mowing of the alien clonal weed species Oxalis articulata". Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao. 29 (2): 501–506. PMID 29692064.
  15. ^ JÁNOS, ÁGOSTON (2016). "Investigation of the ornamental value of Bulbous Oxalis species and cultivars". Lucrări Ştiinţifice. 1: 5–10.
  16. ^ "Pink-Sorrel, Oxalis articulata". Wild Flower Finder. 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  17. ^ "Oxalis Articulata Savigny". Queensland Government. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  18. ^ "Wood-sorrel (Oxalis articulata)". Eurobodalla Shire Council. Retrieved April 20, 2019.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oxalis articulata.
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