Section 123 Agreement
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Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the US and any other nation.[1] Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement.[2] To date, the U.S. has entered into roughly twenty-five 123 Agreements with various countries.[3] Countries with which the U.S. has or had or is working towards having a 123 Agreement include:
- Morocco[4]
- Ukraine[5]
- Romania[6]
- Japan (with automatic re-processing rights)[7]
- Euratom (with automatic re-processing rights)[7]
- China (with re-processing rights, requiring approval per each request)[7]
- Switzerland
- India (With advance consent to reprocessing) [8]
- Russia (On September 8, 2008 President Bush notified the United States Congress that there was no basis for further consideration of a 123 agreement with Russia.)[9]
- United Arab Emirates[10]
- Egypt[11]
- Thailand[12]
- Argentina [13]
- Australia [14]
- Bangladesh [15]
- Brazil [16]
- Canada [17]
- Colombia [18]
- Switzerland [19]
- Indonesia [20]
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) [21]
- Turkey [22]
- Kazakhstan [23]
- Republic of Korea [24]
- South Africa [25]
- Ukraine [26]
- Taiwan [27]
[edit] References
- ^ "NUREG0980 Vol.1,No.6 - Nuclear Regulatory Legislation". http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/staff/sr0980/ml022200075-vol1.pdf#pagemode=bookmarks&page=57. Retrieved 2002-06.
- ^ Nuclear Nonproliferation Issue, Issue Brief for Congress, May 10, 2002.
- ^ National Nuclear Security Administration - 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation
- ^ "NRC: SECY-01-0033 - Proposed Renewal of the Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Morocco". http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/cvr/2001/2001-0033vtr.html. Retrieved 2001-03-02.
- ^ "NRC: SECY-98-62 - Proposed Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Ukraine". http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/cvr/1998/1998-062vtr.html. Retrieved 1998-04-01.
- ^ "NRC: SECY-98-006 - Proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the U.S. and Romania". http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/secys/1998/secy1998-006/1998-006scy.html. Retrieved 1998-01-12.
- ^ a b c "Long haul ahead". http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2412/stories/20070629007011400.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
- ^ http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080066944
- ^ "Statement on U.S.-Russia 123 Agreement". http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/09/109256.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-09.[dead link]
- ^ UAE Embassy, Press Release, December 17, 2009
- ^ State Department, November 10, 2008
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
[edit] External links
123 Agreement With India
123 Agreement With UAE
- U.S. to Sign Nuclear Pact With U.A.E. Wall Street Journal, January 14, 2009
- U.S.-United Arab Emirates Memorandum of Understanding on Nuclear Energy Cooperation, State Department
- Resources on the United Arab Emirates Nuclear Energy Program
- Voice of America News, December 12, 2008
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