Actinodaphne
| Actinodaphne | |
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| Actinodaphne malaccensis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Laurales |
| Family: | Lauraceae |
| Genus: | Actinodaphne Nees |
| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Actinodaphne is an Asian genus of flowering plants in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It contains approximately 121 species[1] of dioecious evergreen trees and shrubs.[2]
Species range across tropical and subtropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, southern China, Japan, New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands, and Fiji.[1] There are 17 Chinese species, 13 of which are endemic.[2]
Description
The trees are 3 to 25 m tall, with leaves usually clustered or nearly verticillate, rarely alternate or opposite, unlobed, pinninerved, and rarely triplinerved. The flowers are star-shaped, small, and greenish. The flowers are clustered or whorled and are unisexual.[2] Umbels are solitary or clustered or arranged in a panicle or raceme; involucral bracts are imbricated and caducous. The perianth tube is short; perianth segments usually number six in two whorls of three each, nearly equal, and rarely persistent. The male flowers have fertile stamens usually 9 in three whorls of three each; filaments of the first and second whorls are eglandular, and of the third whorl are biglandular at the base; anthers are all introrse and four-celled; cells opening by lids; the rudimentary pistil is small or lacking. The female flowers has staminodes as many as stamens of male flowers; the ovary is superior; the stigma is shield-shaped or dilated. The fruit is a berry-like drupe seated on shallow or deep, cup-shaped or discoid, perianth tube. It has a small single seed dispersed mostly by birds.
Ecology
Actinodaphne species require continuously moist soil, and do not tolerate drought and frost.[citation needed] The laurel trees fall within the broad-leaved forests; mid-montane deciduous forests; and high-montane mixed stunted forests. Some species grow in high-altitude forests at 1,500–3,300 m (4,900–10,800 ft).
Selected species
121 species of Actinodaphne are recognized. They include:[1]
- Actinodaphne albifrons Kosterm. – Sri Lanka
- Actinodaphne bourdillonii Gamble – southern India
- Actinodaphne bourneae Gamble – southern India
- Actinodaphne cupularis (Hemsl.) Gamble – southern China to Thailand
- Actinodaphne cuspidata Gamble – Peninsular Malaysia
- Actinodaphne ellipticbacca Kosterm. – northern Vietnam
- Actinodaphne forrestii (C.K.Allen) Kosterm. – southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou) to Vietnam
- Actinodaphne fragilis Gamble – Peninsular Malaysia
- Actinodaphne glaucina C.K.Allen – Hainan
- Actinodaphne henryi Gamble – China (southern Yunnan) to northern Indochina
- Actinodaphne johorensis Gamble – Peninsular Malaysia
- Actinodaphne kweichowensis Yen C.Yang & P.H.Huang – China (southwest Guangxi and southwest Guizhou)
- Actinodaphne lanata Meisn. – southern India
- Actinodaphne lawsonii Gamble – southern India
- Actinodaphne lecomtei C.K.Allen – China (Sichuan, Guizhou, and northern Guangdong)
- Actinodaphne malaccensis Hook.f. – Peninsular Malaysia
- Actinodaphne menghaiensis J.Li – China (southern Yunnan)
- Actinodaphne molochina Nees – Sri Lanka
- Actinodaphne montana Gamble – Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia
- Actinodaphne mushanensis (Hayata) Hayata – Taiwan
- Actinodaphne nitida Teschner – New Guinea and Solomon Islands
- Actinodaphne obovata (Nees) Blume – central Himalayas to China (southern and southeastern Yunnan)
- Actinodaphne obscurinervia Yen C.Yang & P.H.Huang – China (eastern Sichuan)
- Actinodaphne omeiensis (H.Liu) C.K.Allen China (Sichuan, Guizhou) and southwestern Thailand
- Actinodaphne paotingensis Yen C.Yang & P.H.Huang – Hainan
- Actinodaphne pilosa (Lour.) Merr. – China (Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan), Laos, and Vietnam
- Actinodaphne pruinosa Nees – Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo
- Actinodaphne quinqueflora Nees, syn. Litsea ligustrina (Nees) Fern.-Vill. – Bangladesh, southwestern India, Myanmar, northeastern Pakistan, Sri Lanka
- Actinodaphne salicina Meisn. – southern India
- Actinodaphne speciosa Nees – Sri Lanka
- Actinodaphne stenophylla Thwaites – Sri Lanka
- Actinodaphne trichocarpa C.K.Allen – China (Sichuan, northeastern Yunnan, and Guizhou)
- Actinodaphne tsaii Hu – China (southern and southeastern Yunnan)
References
- ^ a b c Actinodaphne Nees. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 28 August 2022.
- ^ a b c Flora of China
- "Actinodaphne". Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.