Tropical royal flycatcher
| Tropical royal flycatcher | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tityridae |
| Genus: | Onychorhynchus |
| Species: | O. coronatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Onychorhynchus coronatus (Statius Müller, PL, 1776)
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The Amazonian royal flycatcher (Onychorhynchus coronatus) is a passerine bird in the family Tityridae according to the International Ornithological Committee (IOC). It is found in throughout most of the Amazon basin in northern Bolivia, eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador, eastern Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern and western Brazil.[2][3]
Taxonomy and systematics
The IOC considers the Amazonian royal flycatcher and three other royal flycatcher taxa to be separate species and places them in the family Tityridae. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC-AOS) and the Clements taxonomy consider the four to be subspecies of the widespread royal flycatcher (Onychorhynchus coronatus sensu lato). SACC-AOS places O. coronatus in family Onychorhynchidae and includes four other flycatcher species in that family. Clements places it in family Oxyruncidae and includes those four, one other flycatcher, and the sharpbill. IOC considers all of them to be in Tityridae.[2][4][5]
The Amazonian royal flycatcher has two subspecies, the nominate Onychorhynchus coronatus coronatus and O. c. castelnaui.[2]
Description
The Amazonian royal flycatcher is approximately 15 cm (5.9 in) long and weighs 9.7 to 14 g (0.34 to 0.49 oz). It is dark brown above and dark buffy yellow below. The rump and tail are reddish cinnamon. The bill is long and broad. It has an erectile fan-shaped crest that is red in the male and yellow-orange in the female.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies of the Amazonian royal flycatcher is found in southern and eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and in Brazil east of the Rio Negro and Rio Tapajós. O. c. castelnaui is found east of the Andes in western Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia and Venezuela's Amazonas state south through Ecuador into Peru and northern Bolivia and east in Brazil to the Rio Negro and Rio Tapajós.[2][3]
The Amazonian royal flycatcher inhabits humid lowlands, both primary evergreen and second growth forests. It is a bird of the midstory, often along streams and in seasonally flooded várzea forest.[3]
Behavior
Feeding
All of the royal flycatchers are insectivorous.[3]
Breeding
The Amazonian royal flycatcher's breeding season has not been established. Their nest is long and narrow and is suspended from a branch or vine, usually above water. The clutch is two eggs; only the female incubates them and broods and feeds the nestlings.[3]
Vocalization
The Amazonian royal flycatcher is usually inconspicuous and quiet. Its song is "a descending, slowing series of plaintive whistles" and its call a repeated "keeeyup or keee-yew".[3]
Status
The IUCN has assessed the Amazonian royal flycatcher as being of Least Concern.[1] However, all of the royal flycatchers "are vulnerable to forest loss or degradation".[3]
References
- ^ a b BirdLife International (2018). "Onychorhynchus coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22699647A130205114. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22699647A130205114.en. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Sample, R., B. Shackelford, and R. Kannan (2020). Royal Flycatcher (Onychorhynchus coronatus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.royfly1.01 retrieved September 8, 2021
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
- ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021
External links
Media related to Onychorhynchus coronatus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Onychorhynchus coronatus at Wikispecies
