Sclerophrys tuberosa

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Sclerophrys tuberosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Sclerophrys
Species:
S. tuberosa
Binomial name
Sclerophrys tuberosa
(Günther, 1858)
Synonyms[2]
  • Bufo tuberosus Günther, 1858
  • Bufo polycerus Werner, 1897
  • Amietophrynus tuberosus (Günther, 1858)

Sclerophrys tuberosa is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.[1][2][3] It is found in southeastern Nigeria,[2][3] Cameroon, southwestern Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko), Gabon, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo.[1][2][3] Common names rough toad,[3] warty toad, and Fernando Po toad have been proposed for it.[2]

Description[edit]

Males grow to 48 mm (1.9 in) and females to 74 mm (2.9 in) in snout–vent length. The body is compact and the snout is short. The eyes are relatively large. The parotoid glands are very large. Dorsal skin is densely covered by long, spiny warts, while ventrally skin is granular. The toes have rudimentary webbing. Dorsal coloration is light to dark brown with irregular black spots; a light vertebral line is sometimes present. The limbs have black crossbars. The venter is yellow with darker spots or mottling.[3]

The male advertisement call is a quiet, low-pitched "rrrou" or "rroua".[3]

Habitat and conservation[edit]

Sclerophrys tuberosa inhabits moist lowland tropical rainforest in swampy areas, avoiding well-drained forest.[1][3] It is a lowland species but can occur at elevations up to 1,050 m (3,440 ft)[1] or 1,300 m (4,300 ft) above sea level.[3] Breeding takes place in small streams; the males call from cavities near water.[1][3]

Sclerophrys tuberosa is very common in parts of its range (e.g., Cameroon) but rarer in other areas. It tolerates some habitat modification and can be found in secondary forest, but cannot survive outside forest and is thereby negatively impacted by forest loss. However, it occurs in several protected areas.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2016). "Sclerophrys tuberosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T54783A107351321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T54783A107351321.en. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e Frost, Darrel R. (2021). "Sclerophrys tuberosa (Günther, 1858)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Channing, Allan & Rödel, Mark-Oliver (2019). Field Guide to the Frogs & other Amphibians of Africa. Cape Town: Struik Nature. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-77584-512-6.
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