Ann Pennington (actress)

This article is about the stage actress. For the Playboy model, see Ann Pennington (model).

Ann Pennington
Ann Pennington during her Ziegfeld days.
Born	December 23, 1893 Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.
Died	November 4, 1971(1971-11-04) (aged 77) New York City, U.S.
Other names	Penny Tiny Pipsy Duchess
Occupation	Actress
Height	4 ft 10 in (147 cm)

Ann Pennington (December 23, 1893 – November 4, 1971) was an American actress, dancer, and singer who starred on Broadway in the 1910s and 1920s, notably in the Ziegfeld Follies and George White's Scandals.

She became famous for what was, at the time, called a "Shake and Quiver Dancer", and was noted for her variation of the "Black Bottom". She also was noted as an accomplished tap dancer. Ray Henderson wrote the extant version of "Black Bottom" for Ann – she had already been performing the popular version of the dance for some time. Some years prior to this, she had also topped the bill on Broadway in her performance of the musically similar "Charleston".

Pennington also achieved fame as a star of both silent and sound motion pictures.

Biography

Pennington was born in Wilmington, Delaware, on December 23, 1893, and reputedly moved with her family to Camden, New Jersey, around 1900. Her father worked for the Victor music company, they were Quakers, and she had at least one sibling, Nellie.

She learned to dance with the Professor Wroe dance school, and her first performances in New York were as part of "Wroe's Buds". She wanted to be a classical actress, but her diminutive stature and talent as a dancer conspired against this ambition.

She began her career on Broadway as a member of the chorus in The Red Widow (1911) starring Raymond Hitchcock. Her debut in the Ziegfeld Follies was in 1913, where she quickly established herself as one Ziegfeld's top attractions.

With dimpled knees and long dark red hair, the petite, pretty, charming, and often scantly-clad Pennington stood a mere 4' 10" tall and wore only a size 1½ shoe. Because of her diminutive stature, she was referred to as "Penny" by her friends and colleagues. Her nickname for herself was "Tiny".

During her years in the Ziegfeld Follies she appeared alongside the likes of Bert Williams, Eddie Cantor, Will Rogers, Fanny Brice (who became her closest friend), Marilyn Miller, and W.C. Fields. She switched back and forth between George White's Scandals and the Follies more than once, earning a salary of $1,000 per week well before the 1920s, and continued to moonlight in the early New York film industry. She also frequented Harlem in its jazz heyday.

Caricature by Ralph Barton, 1925

In the 1926 edition of George White's Scandals, Pennington introduced the African American-influenced Black Bottom dance to America at large with her partner, the eccentric dancer Tom Patricola. First popularized in New York by the African American show Dinaah that had been staged in Harlem in 1924, after Pennington performed the Black Bottom on Broadway, the dance became was a national phenomenon, overtaking The Charleston in popularity.

George Gershwin was her rehearsal pianist and wrote several songs for her. Cole Porter, Ray Henderson, Joe Burke, Oscar Levant and Edward Ward all wrote for her shows, and The New Yorkers (1931) was her last great show for Porter. She could sing as well as dance as evinced by her recording of "Believe Me" (1930).

No films of her signature dance routines have been preserved, with the possible exception of the "Snake-Hips" number which occurs in Happy Days (1929). Her key dances in Gold Diggers on Broadway (1929) remain lost. Some of her scenes from Tanned Legs still survive, but her role in The Great Ziegfeld, while listed in some inventories, was in fact cut before release. She was listed as a star in the 1929 Warner Brothers showcase movie "Show of Shows", but her routines were never filmed, perhaps because her main song and dance number "Believe Me" was commandeered by one of Warners' rising stars Irene Bordoni. Ann did however get to perform "Believe Me" in the 1930 movie "Hello Baby!", which is still in print, and sang and danced "You're responsible" in "Tanned Legs" (for which movie she features in uncredited cartoon form on the posters and sheet music).

She was until the late 1920s chaperoned at performances by her mother. She was noted for a quick and witty personality, but was said to be shy off stage and easily embarrassed, and in her latter years was loath to discuss her early life.

Pennington was romantically linked to several men during her lifetime, and at one time or another allegedly was engaged to boxer Jack Dempsey, theatrical producer and early dance partner George White, actor Buster West, and musician Brooke Johns. None of these romances lasted and Pennington never married. She never spoke on record about any of her engagements, whether to confirm or deny them.

Ann Pennington never settled in one place for very long. She lived mostly in hotels in New York apart from some years in California as the constant companion of Fanny Brice, whom she had helped out at least once with loans and gifts of jewelry. Ann was noted for her generosity and many of her loans were never repaid; however most of her huge earnings were wiped out over the years by betting at the racetrack, decades of hotel bills, and gifts to charities and churches.

After her years on stage and screen ended, Pennington toured in vaudeville. She retired from performing in the 1940s. She last appeared on stage in a benefit show for the armed forces in 1946. She had a committed work ethic, and worked wherever the opportunity arose, although as she aged and tastes changed, she ended her stage days in shabby theaters with low ranked dance companies. Home movie footage of her "Snake Hips" dance at the 1939 World's Fair survive, but is more memorable for her enthusiasm than her star quality in her fading years.

Ann Pennington died of a stroke in New York City on November 4, 1971, aged 77. She had lived alone on welfare for many years in New York hotels overlooking 42nd Street. She was badly affected by arthritis. She was sometimes recognised shuffling along Broadway as a faded superstar of a world long past – but she was also mugged in her old age on one of her daily walks to a diner. She is buried in Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York. No family were known to have attended her funeral, which was paid for by the Actors Benevolent guild. In noting her death, The New York Times (November 6, 1971) noted

She liked practical jokes. Once, when a man she didn't particularly like, telephoned, asking, "Is this Miss Pennington?" she replied, "This ain't me." Her dressing room door bore a sign, "For Men Only."

A few years before her death, she was asked what had been the greatest reward from her years of stardom, and her reply was "in living, honey".

She was portrayed by actress Michelle Nicastro in the "Scandals of 1920" episode of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, which dramatizes her role as the star of George White's Scandals of 1920.

Review

Of Ann Pennington's official film debut in Susie Snowflake, The New York Times stated on June 26, 1916:

Many of those who went to the Broadway yesterday for the first showing of Susie Snowflake will be inclined to endorse this particular nomination. Miss Pennington is obviously put forth as a diminutive star of the Marguerite Clark variety, a style enormously in vogue at the moment. She is little and cunning on Mr. Ziegfeld's stage and little and cunning on the screen. She has youth, a Mary Pickford like harum-scarum way with her and, except in the trying close-ups when her expression is somewhat adenoidal, she is pretty. Of course she dances. As her frisky little dance is her sole claim to fame at the moment, it could no more be omitted from her first scenario than the "pump and washing tubs" in Mr. Crummles's theater. So as a child of the music halls adapted into a staid, old New England community, Susie Snowflake disrupts a church sociable by doing her Follies dance there in her terse Follies costume.

Stage credits

Ann Pennington and Brooke Johns in their Ziegfeld days

Ann Pennington dancing

Theatre Magazine 1919

Actress Ann Pennington in the August 1920 edition of The Tatler

The following list includes Ann Pennington's major stage credits:

#	Title	Type	Role	Theatrical Run	Notes
1	The Red Widow	Musical	Member of the Chorus	June 22, 1911-Feb 24, 1912
2	Ziegfeld Follies of 1913	Musical Revue	Herself	Jun 16, 1913 - Sep 6, 1913
3	Ziegfeld Follies of 1914	Musical Revue	Herself	Jun 1, 1914 - Sep 5, 1914	Appeared in the "Tango Palace" scene.
4	Ziegfeld Follies of 1915	Musical Revue	Herself	Jun 21, 1915 - Sep 18, 1915	Performed the "Flirtation Melody Dance" with George White.
5	Ziegfeld Follies of 1916	Musical Revue	Herself	Jun 12, 1916 - Sep 16, 1916
6	Miss 1917	Musical Revue	Herself	Nov 5, 1917 - Jan 5, 1918
7	Ziegfeld Follies of 1918	Musical Revue	Herself	Jun 18, 1918 - Sep 11, 1918
8	George White's Scandals (1919)	Musical Revue	Herself	Jun 2, 1919 - Sep 1919
9	Midnight Frolic	Musical Revue	Herself	April 24, 1918- May 12, 1918	Performed "A Syncopated Frolic".
10	George White's Scandals (1920)	Musical Revue	Herself	Jun 7, 1920 - Oct 2, 1920
11	George White's Scandals (1921)	Musical Revue	Herself	Jul 11, 1921 - Oct 1, 1921
12	Jack and Jill	Musical Comedy	Gloria Wayne	Mar 22, 1923 - Jun 9, 1923
13	Ziegfeld Follies of 1924	Musical Revue	Herself	Jun 24, 1924 - Mar 7, 1925
14	George White's Scandals (1926)	Musical Revue	Herself	Jun 14, 1926 - Jun 1927	Performed "The Black Bottom".
15	George White's Scandals (1928)	Musical Revue	Herself	Jul 2, 1928 - Jan 1929
16	The New Yorkers	Musical Revue (Satire)	Lola McGee	Dec 8, 1930 - May 2, 1931
17	Everybody's Welcome	Musical Comedy	Louella Carroll	Oct 13, 1931 - Feb 13, 1932
18	The Student Prince	Operetta (revival)	Gretchen	Jun 8, 1943 - Oct 2, 1943

Motion picture credits

The following list contains all of Ann Pennington's known motion picture appearances.

#	Title	Year	Role	Notes
Silent films
1	[untitled film]	1916	Herself	A short film of Ann Pennington that was incorporated into her stage act in The Ziegfeld Follies of 1916.
2	Susie Snowflake	1916	Susie	Ann Pennington's official film debut. She plays an itinerant stage actress forced to live with her stern aunt.
3	The Rainbow Princess	1916	Hope	Ann Pennington as a circus performer who is pawned off as the long-lost granddaughter of a wealthy judge. In this film she performs a Hula dance.
4	The Antics of Ann	1917	Ann Wharton	Ann Pennington as a hoydenish young lady trying to crash society.
5	The Little Boy Scout	1917	Justina Howland	Ann Pennington as a young woman who inherits a fortune. Co-stars Owen Moore (who was married to Mary Pickford at the time).
6	Sunshine Nan	1918	Nance Molloy	Ann Pennington as a reform school parolee working as a stenographer in a shoe store. Co-stars Richard Barthelmess.
7	Manhandled	1924	Herself	Stars Gloria Swanson with Ann Pennington in a cameo.
8	The Golden Strain	1925	Lucy Sulter	A Western with Pennington in a supporting role.
9	The Lucky Horseshoe	1925	Dancer	A Tom Mix Western with Ann Pennington in a cameo.
10	A Kiss in the Dark	1925	Dancer	A comedy starring Adolphe Menjou. Pennington has a cameo appearance.
11	The Mad Dancer	1925	Mimi	Pennington stars as a Latin dancer and model. Reputedly she appeared nude in this film.<ref>Ann Pennington Biography
12	Madame Behave	1925	Gwen Townley	A starring film for fermale impersonator Julian Eltinge. Ann Pennington plays his girlfriend.
13	Pretty Ladies	1925	Herself	A comedy about a dowdy comedian (ZaSu Pitts) in the Ziegfeld Follies. Pennington has a cameo.
Sound films
14	Tanned Legs	1929	Tootie	Ann Pennington performs the title song and "You're Responsible".
15	Night Parade	1929	Herself	A boxing melodrama.
16	Is Everybody Happy?	1929	Lena Schmitt	Co-stars Ted Lewis. Ann Pennington performs "Samoa".
17	Gold Diggers of Broadway	1929	Ann Collins	Filmed in Technicolor. One of the big hits of 1929. Pennington dances to "Painting the Clouds With Sunshine" and "The Song of the Gold Diggers (Dig, You Little Diggers, Dig)".
18	Night Club	1929	Herself	A three-reel short in which Ann Pennington appears with Fanny Brice.
19	Hello Baby!	1930	Herself	A two-reel Technicolor short. Songs include "Hello Baby", "Believe Me", "I Gotta Have You", "Dance of the Wooden Shoes" and "Huddlin'".
20	Happy Days	1930	Herself	An all-star extravaganza filmed in 70mm "Grandeur Process". Pennington performs "Snake Hips (Do the Wiggle Waggle Woo)".
21	Texas Terrors	1940	Dancer	A Western starring Don "Red" Barry. Pennington performs "Listen to the Rhythm of the Range".
22	Unholy Partners	1941	Telephone operator	Stars Edward G. Robinson.
23	China Girl	1942	Sugar Fingers	Stars Gene Tierney and George Montgomery.

External links

• Ann Pennington at IMDb
• Silent Ladies and Gents features pictures of Ann Pennington
• Ann Pennington portrait at NY Public Library Billy Rose Collection