Bill Harry

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Bill and Virginia Harry
Born 17 September 1938 (1938-09-17) (age 73)
Smithdown Road Hospital, Liverpool
Occupation Journalist, P.R.
Spouse Virginia Harry
Website
Triumphpc

Bill Harry (born in Liverpool, England) is the creator of Mersey Beat, an important newspaper of the early 1960s, which focused on the Liverpool music scene. Harry had started various magazines and newspapers before attending the Liverpool College of Art, with fellow students John Lennon and Stuart Sutcliffe, who both later performed with The Beatles.

Harry met his wife-to-be, Virginia, at the Jacaranda club (managed by Allan Williams, the first manager of The Beatles) and she later agreed to help him start a music newspaper. After borrowing £50, Harry released the first issue of Mersey Beat on 6 July 1961, with the first 5,000 copies selling out within a short time. Harry arranged for the future Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, to see them perform a lunchtime concert at The Cavern Club on 9 November 1961. Epstein subsequently asked Harry create a national music paper, the Music Echo, but after problems with Epstein about editorial control, he decided to become a P.R.; working for many solo artistes and groups.

Contents

[edit] Early years

Harry was born in Smithdown Road Hospital, Liverpool, on 17 September 1938. He came from a poor Liverpudlian background and was raised in a rough neighbourhood near Liverpool's dockyards.[1] His father died early, which burdened the family with debts and hardship. He attended the Catholic St. Vincent's Institute but had to get used to the priests dispensing corporal punishment on a regular basis. Because of his small stature, Harry was beaten by his classmates, kicked in the appendix and "left for dead". His poverty-stricken mother had no option but to transfer him elsewhere.[2] Harry became interested in science fiction and read comics by candlelight (the house had no electricity), and eventually joined the Liverpool Science Fiction Society.[2] At the age of 13, he produced his own science fiction fanzine, Biped, using a Gestetner machine to print 60 copies.[3] His pen friend at the time was Michael Moorcock,[4] the writer of science fiction and fantasy novels. After winning a scholarship to the Junior School of Art in Gambier Terrace, Liverpool, Harry started his first school newspaper, Premier.[4][5]

[edit] Liverpool College of Art

The Liverpool College of Art at 68 Hope Street, Liverpool, which Harry, Lennon and Sutcliffe all attended

At the age of 16, Harry obtained a place at Liverpool's College of Art at 68 Hope Street. After studying typography and page layouts,[6] he borrowed the college’s duplicating machine and published a newspaper called Jazz in 1958, which reported concerts at the Liverpool Jazz Society club, the Temple Jazz Club and The Cavern Club.[5][7] He also worked as assistant editor on University of Liverpool's charity magazine, Pantosphinx, and on a music newsletter for Frank Hessy's musical instruments store called Frank Comments.[4][8] The title was suggested by the owner, Frank Hesselberg, as a play on his own comments, but was abandoned after a few issues.[9][10]

Harry received a National Diploma in design while at the Liverpool Art College and became the first student in the new Graphic Design course, eventually winning a Senior City Art Scholarship.[11] Having to find some form of work during college vacations as he could not support himself on his student grant alone, he worked on the demolition of a flour mill in Birkenhead.[3] Harry maintained that students at art college should be bohemians in their thoughts and actions and not like the "dilettantes and dabblers", whom Harry disapproved of for wearing duffle coats and turtle neck sweaters.[1] At the time, artist and teacher Arthur Ballard thought that Harry and Stuart Sutcliffe both overshadowed John Lennon at college, stating they were both "extremely well educated, and very eager for information".[12][13] During their time at the college, Sutcliffe painted a portrait of Harry.[14]

Meeting Lennon was a shock for Harry, as Lennon often dressed like a Teddy boy and was a disruptive influence at the college.[2] Despite his misgivings about Lennon's attitude, Harry introduced him to Sutcliffe, who was a small, soft-spoken and shy student.[15][16] The three often spent time together at the Ye Cracke pub in Rice Street and on the top floor of the Jacaranda club (run by Allan Williams, who later managed The Beatles).[7] Harry met his future wife-to-be Virginia, then 16 years old, at the club.[17] Harry, Lennon, Sutcliffe and Rod Murray saw the poet Royston Ellis at Liverpool University in June 1960, and they later met him at the Ye Cracke pub. Having been disappointed with Ellis' performance, Harry proposed the idea that they should call the assembled quartet of friends The Dissenters[18] and make Liverpool famous; Sutcliffe and Murray with their paintings, Harry writing and Lennon playing music.[19]

[edit] Music and journalism

A fellow student, John Ashcroft, introduced Harry to rock ‘n’ roll records, and he got to know members of Rory Storm & The Hurricanes and Cass & The Cassanovas. Harry carried notebooks with him, collecting information about the local groups. Harry once wrote to The Daily Mail, saying that "Liverpool is like New Orleans at the turn of the century, but with rock ‘n’ roll instead of jazz".[18] He also wrote to The Liverpool Echo about the emerging Liverpool music scene, but neither paper were interested in stories about music that was popular with teenagers.[10] The classified ads in The Liverpool Echo for local groups were always under the heading of "Jazz", but the paper refused to change this policy, despite pleas from promoters and groups who actually paid for them.[4] Harry had planned to produce a jazz newspaper called Storyville/52nd Street and contacted Sam Leach, the owner of a club called Storyville. Leach promised to fund the newspaper, but failed to turn up for three meetings with Harry, leaving him no other option but to find another investor.[17] Harry thought starting a fortnightly newspaper covering Liverpool's rock 'n' roll music scene would be more successful[7] and would differ from national music newspapers such as the New Musical Express and the Melody Maker, which only wrote articles about current chart hits and artists.[20]

[edit] Mersey Beat

Dick Matthews, a friend from the Jacaranda,[11] heard about Harry's problems with Leach and introduced Harry to a local civil servant, Jim Anderson, who lent Harry £50.[4] This enabled Harry to found the newspaper Mersey Beat in 1961.[21] Harry decided to publish the newspaper every two weeks, covering the music scene in Liverpool, Wirral, Birkenhead, New Brighton, Crosby and Southport, as well as Warrington, Widnes and Runcorn.[22] He thought up the name Mersey Beat by thinking about a policeman's 'beat' (the area of duty) which had nothing to do with a musical beat.[11] Virginia gave up her accountancy/comptometer operator job at Woolworth's[17] and worked full-time for £2.10/- a week (also contributing a Mersey Roundabout article),[23] while Harry lived on his Senior City Art Scholarship funding.[3][9] Matthews promised to photograph groups, while Anderson found a small attic office for £5 a week above David Land's wine merchant's shop at 81a Renshaw Street, Liverpool.[11][24] Anderson and Matthews helped with the move to the new office, with Anderson providing a desk, chair and an Olivetti typewriter.[9][24]

Harry asked printer James E. James (who had printed Frank Comments) if he could borrow the printing blocks he used for photos, as they were too expensive for the fledgling company at the time. Harry also borrowed blocks from the Widnes Weekly News, Pantosphinx and local cinemas,[3] but contributed to charities by printing free charity advertisements at the side of the front cover page.[20] After taking Virginia home to Bowring Park in the evening, Harry would often return to the office and work throughout the night, pausing only to go to the Pier Head to buy a cup of tea and a hot pie at four in the morning.[22] Virginia's parents helped the paper during this time, as they paid for classified ads, and arranged for Harry and his future wife's first photographs together.[17]

[edit] The first issue

Splitting the price of the newspaper (threepence) with retailers, Harry found three major wholesalers, W.H. Smith, Blackburn's, and Conlan's, who all agreed to sell Mersey Beat.[25] Harry personally delivered copies to more than 20 newsagents as well as to local venues, musical instrument and record stores such as Cramer & Lea, Rushworth & Draper, and Cranes.[3][11] The paper released its first edition on 6 July 1961, selling out all 5,000 copies. The paper's circulation increased rapidly as Harry started featuring stories about groups in Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield and Newcastle. As the newspaper's sales rose, it became known as the "Teenagers Bible". Local groups were soon being called "beat groups", and venues started advertising concerts as "Beat Sessions".[26]

Harry later said: "The newspapers, television, theatres and radio were all run by people of a different generation who had no idea of what youngsters wanted. For decades they had manipulated and controlled them. Suddenly, there was an awareness of being young, and young people wanted their own styles and their own music, just at the time they were beginning to earn money, which gave them the spending power. Mersey Beat was their voice, it was a paper for them, crammed with photos and information about their own groups, which is why it also began to appeal to youngsters throughout Britain as its coverage extended to other areas."[7] Because of the employment situation in Liverpool at the time, The Daily Worker newspaper denounced the enthusiasm of younger people in Liverpool by saying "The Mersey Sound is the sound of 30,000 people on the dole."[3]

[edit] Liverpool groups

Between 1958 and 1964, the Merseyside area had about 500 different groups, which were constantly forming and breaking up, with an average of about 350 groups playing concerts on a regular basis.[27] In 1961, Harry and The Cavern's DJ, Bob Wooler, compiled a list of groups that they had personally heard of, which had almost 300 names.[28][29] In 1962, Mersey Beat held a poll to find out who was the most popular Merseyside group. When the votes were counted, Rory Storm & The Hurricanes were in first place, but after looking through the postal votes again, Harry noticed that forty votes were all written in green ink, in the same handwriting, and from the same area of Liverpool, so the dubious votes were declared void. This was suspected to have been Storm himself, but Harry had no idea that The Beatles had done exactly the same thing.[30]

The front cover of Mersey Beat, showing the winners of the poll (photo of The Beatles by Albert Marrion)

The results were announced on 4 January 1962, with The Beatles in first place. The results were printed in issue 13 of Mersey Beat on 4 January 1962, with the front page announcing, “Beatles Top Poll!”[5][31] Such was the popularity of the poll, Rushworth's music store manager, Bob Hobbs, presented Lennon and George Harrison with new guitars.[32] At the time, many groups in Liverpool complained to Harry that his newspaper should be called Mersey Beatles, as he featured them so often.[33]

Harry asked a local singer, Priscilla White, to contribute a fashion column after writing an article called "Swinging Cilla", in which he wrote, "Cilla Black is a Liverpool girl who is starting out on the road to fame." Harry’s mistake came about because he could not remember her surname (which he knew was a colour), but White decided to keep it as a stage name.[25][34] Two years later Harry arranged for Black to sing for Epstein at the Blue Angel club, leading to a management contract.[5]

In late 1962, Harry wrote an article called "Take a look up North", asking for A&R men from London to travel up to Liverpool and see what was really happening with the music scene, but not one record company sent an A&R representative to Liverpool.[35] Journalist Nancy Spain once wrote an article for the News of the World newspaper, stating that Harry and his wife were "Mr. & Mrs. Mersey Beat", and when Bob Dylan visited Liverpool to appear at the Odeon, he specifically asked for Harry to act as his guide to the city.[17]

[edit] The Beatles and Brian Epstein

Harry often heard Lennon, McCartney and Harrison rehearsing or playing in the Art College canteen in the basement,[36] but after Sutcliffe joined The Quarrymen, Harry complained that Sutcliffe should be concentrating on art and not music, as he thought he was a competent, but not brilliant bassist.[37] As Harry and Sutcliffe were members of the Liverpool College of Art's Student Union committee, they put forward the idea that the college should buy its own P.A. system for college dances, which The Quarrymen often played at, but the equipment would later be appropriated by the group and taken to Hamburg.[38] As late as 7 March 1962, the Student’s Union sent Pete Mackey to ask Lennon to either return the equipment or pay for it, but Lennon told him it had been sold in Hamburg.[39] Harry asked Lennon to write a short biography of The Beatles for the first issue of Mersey Beat, which Harry titled, "Being A Short Diversion On The Dubious Origins Of Beatles, Translated From The [sic] John Lennon":[11][25][40]

“ Many people ask what are Beatles? Why Beatles? Ugh, Beatles? How did the name arrive? So we will tell you. It came in a vision - a man appeared on a flaming pie and said unto them, 'From this day on you are Beatles with an "A". 'Thank you Mister Man', they said, thanking him. And so they were Beatles."[41] ” 
Lennon was very grateful that Harry printed his 'Dubious Origins' piece without editing it and later gave Harry a large collection of drawings, poems and stories (approximately 250),[42] telling Harry he was free to publish whatever he liked (under the pseudonym of "Beatcomber").[43] After moving downstairs to a larger two-roomed office, Harry confessed to Lennon at the Blue Angel club that the collection had been lost or stolen, which upset Lennon a great deal.[3]

Harry convinced manager Brian Epstein to sell 12 copies of the first Mersey Beat newspaper at his North End Music Stores (NEMS) which sold out in one day, resulting in Epstein having to order more copies. After ordering and selling twelve dozen copies of the second issue of the newspaper in his NEMS store,[44] Epstein invited Harry for a glass of sherry in his office, proposing the idea that he (Epstein) should write a record review column,[11] which started in the third issue, on 3 August 1961, titled "Record Releases by Brian Epstein of NEMS".[5][25] Epstein saw numerous posters around Liverpool advertising concerts by The Beatles as well as in the second issue of Mersey Beat, which had "Beatles sign Recording Contract!" on the front cover, as The Beatles had recorded the "My Bonnie" single with Tony Sheridan in Germany.[11][44][45][46] Some months after its release, Epstein (as stated in his biography) asked his assistant Alistair Taylor about the single,[25] because Raymond Jones, a customer, had walked into the NEMS store and asked Epstein for the single on 28 October 1961,[47] which made Epstein curious about the group.[48] Harry and McCartney repudiated this story, as Harry had been talking to Epstein about The Beatles for a long time (being the group he promoted the most in Mersey Beat) and by McCartney saying, "Brian [Epstein] knew perfectly well who The Beatles were, they were on the front page of the second issue of Mersey Beat."[11]

The telegram that Epstein sent to Mersey Beat magazine to announce that he had secured The Beatles their first recording contract

The Beatles were due to perform a lunchtime concert at The Cavern Club on 9 November 1961, not far from Epstein's NEMS store.[49] Epstein asked Harry to arrange for him and Taylor to watch The Beatles perform without queuing at the door.[50] Harry phoned the owner, Ray McFall, who said he would inform the doorman on the day, Pat Delaney, to let Epstein in.[51] Epstein and Taylor bypassed the line of fans at the door and heard a welcome message announced over the club's public-address system by Wooler (the resident DJ)[52] saying, "We have someone rather famous in the audience today, Mr. Brian Epstein, the owner of NEMS..."[53][54]

Lennon had once given Harry a collection of photos taken in Hamburg, showing Lennon standing on the Reeperbahn reading a newspaper and wearing nothing but his underpants, performing on stage with a toilet seat around his neck, and one of McCartney sitting on a toilet. After Epstein became The Beatles’ manager, Lennon rushed into Harry's office and asked for them back, saying, "Brian [Epstein] insists I've got to get them back—the pictures, everything you've got. I must take it all with me now."[3][55] When Epstein finally secured a recording contract with EMI, he sent Harry a telegram from London to the Mersey Beat offices to announce the news.

[edit] The last issues and London

On 13 September 1964, Epstein approached Harry to create a national music paper, so Harry coined the name Music Echo, and gradually merged Mersey Beat into it. Epstein had promised Harry full editorial control, but then hired a female press officer in London to write a fashion column and a D.J. to write a gossip column, without informing Harry of his intentions, leaving Harry with no other option but to resign.[56] The paper subsequently ran into financial problems, and Epstein had to merge it with another paper, becoming the Disc & Music Echo. When Harry and his wife moved to London he was already contributing a column for the magazine Weekend and also for the teen magazines Marilyn and Valentine. He then became the feature writer, news editor and columnist for Record Mirror (using various pseudonyms such as 'Brenda Tarry' and 'David Berglas') and wrote features for Music Now (under the name of Nick Blaine) for Record Retailer.[3]

[edit] P.R. and present

Harry and his wife moved to London in 1966 and was engaged as a public relations (P.R.) for The Kinks and The Hollies. During the next 18 years he was the P.R. to many artists, including Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull, Clouds, Ten Years After, Procol Harum, David Bowie, Led Zeppelin, The Beach Boys, Free, Mott The Hoople, The Pretty Things, Christine Perfect, Supertramp, Hot Chocolate, Suzi Quatro, and Kim Wilde.[5][41] During his time working as a press officer, Harry started a monthly magazine called Tracks,[57] a magazine that reporte the latest album releases, and Idols: 20th Century Legends.[58] Harry compiled a 34-track compilation called Mersey Beat for Parlophone records, which was released on 31 October 1983.[59]

Harry was presented with a gold award for a 'Lifetime Achievement in Music' by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) in 1994,[57] has taken part in over 350 international television/radio shows and was hired by Rediffusion to be programme assistant for the documentary Beat City. He was programme assistant for the BBC's Everyman documentary about Lennon, A Day In The Life, and The Story Of Mersey Beat. The British Council asked him to represent them in Hong Kong, promoting The Beatles.[57] Mersey Beat returned to publication in August 2009 with a 24-page special issue to celebrate the Liverpool International Beatle Week. Harry and Virginia have a son, Sean Harry, who is an actor.[57]

[edit] Books written or co-written by Bill Harry

Harry commented on his numerous books: "The hundreds of interviews I have conducted over the past 40 years have been utilised. I have always been a hoarder of clippings in addition to collecting magazines, fanzines, newspapers and books. I'll never tire of it."[60]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b Spitz 2005, p. 103.
  2. ^ a b c Spitz 2005, p. 104.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "An Interview with Mersey Beat founder Bill Harry". Liverpool Days. http://liverpooldays.com/photo/thumbnails.php?album=32. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  4. ^ a b c d e "The Founders' Story". Bill Harry/Mersey Beat Ltd.. http://triumphpc.com/mersey-beat/about/founders-story.shtml. Retrieved 2008-12-14. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f Harry, Bill. "The Birth of Mersey Beat". Retro Sellers. http://retrosellers.co.uk/features68.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-12. [dead link]
  6. ^ Charters, David. "Taking the pulse of Beatles generation". Liverpool Echo. http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-entertainment/the-beatles/the-beatles-news/2004/10/18/taking-the-pulse-of-beatles-generation-100252-14769221/. Retrieved 2009-06-19. 
  7. ^ a b c d "Bill Harry". Merseybeat Nostalgia. http://www.merseybeatnostalgia.co.uk/html/bill_harry.html. Retrieved 2009-06-11. 
  8. ^ "Hessy's Music Store". Rock mine. http://www.rockmine.com/Beatles/Liverpool/Hessy.html. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  9. ^ a b c Spitz 2005, p. 264.
  10. ^ a b "The Birth of Mersey Beat (p4)". Bill Harry/Mersey Beat Ltd.. http://www.mersey-beat.com/. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i "The Birth of Mersey Beat (p5)". Bill Harry/Mersey Beat Ltd.. http://www.mersey-beat.com/. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  12. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 139.
  13. ^ "Arthur Ballard: 1915-1994". Modern British Artists. http://www.modernbritishartists.co.uk/ballard_biog.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-13. [dead link]
  14. ^ "Beatle People – Bill Harry". The Beatles Bible. http://www.beatlesbible.com/people/bill-harry/. Retrieved 2009-06-27. 
  15. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 105.
  16. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 107.
  17. ^ a b c d e "Mr & Mrs Mersey Beat". Mersey Beat Lover 1. http://www.freewebs.com/merseybeat/billharry.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-19. 
  18. ^ a b Harry, Bill. "The Story of Mersey Beat (1915-1994)". Sixties City. http://www.sixtiescity.co.uk/Mbeat/mb1.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  19. ^ "Bill & Virginia Harry". Bill Harry/Mersey Beat Ltd.. http://www.triumphpc.com/mersey-beat/about/founders-story.shtml. Retrieved 2008-10-16. 
  20. ^ a b Harry, Bill. "The Mersey Beat Story (p4)". Mersey Beat Sound 2009. http://www.merseybeat.co.uk/articles-details.php?cat=The. Retrieved 2009-06-15. 
  21. ^ "Welcome to the home of Mersey Beat". Mersey Beat Sound Limited 2006. http://www.merseybeat.co.uk/. Retrieved 2008-12-14. 
  22. ^ a b Harry, Bill. "The Mersey Beat Story (p2)". Mersey Beat Sound 2009. http://www.merseybeat.co.uk/articles-details.php?cat=The. Retrieved 2009-06-15. 
  23. ^ "Brian Epstein Begins His Entry Into The Music World With His New Record Review Column". Mersey Beat Sound 2009. http://www.merseybeat.co.uk/articles-details.php?cat=Bill+Harry%27s+Mersey+Beat&id=312. Retrieved 2009-06-15. 
  24. ^ a b "The Mersey Beat Story". Mersey Beat Sound 2009. http://www.merseybeat.co.uk/articles-details.php?cat=The+Mersey+Beat+Story&id=76. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  25. ^ a b c d e Spitz 2005, p. 265.
  26. ^ "About Mersey Beat". Mersey Beat Nostalgia. http://www.merseybeatnostalgia.co.uk/html/about_merseybeat.html. Retrieved 2009-06-10. 
  27. ^ Harry, Bill. "Mersey Groups and Artists of The Sixties". Sixties City. http://www.sixtiescity.com/Mbeat/mb1A.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  28. ^ "The Bands and Artists of Merseyside (1958 - 1964)". Triumph pc. http://www.triumphpc.com/mersey-beat/birth/The%20Bands%20and%20Artists%20of%20Merseyside%20-%201959-1964.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  29. ^ "The Birth of Mersey Beat". Bill Harry/Mersey Beat Ltd.. http://www.mersey-beat.com/. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  30. ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 287-288.
  31. ^ "groups with guitars are on their way out". Rare Beatles. http://www.rarebeatles.com/photopg2/mersey.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  32. ^ "Liverpool City Centre (Rushworths, Whitechapel St.)". Beatles Liverpool. http://www.beatlesliverpool.0catch.com/Liverpoolcitycenter2.html. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  33. ^ Hester, John. "Bill Harry (part 2)". Beatlefolks. http://www.beatlefolks.com/bharry4.shtml. Retrieved 2009-06-27. 
  34. ^ "Bill Harry Q and A". Mersey Beat ABD. http://www.merseybeatabd.co.uk/bill_harry.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-27. 
  35. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 363.
  36. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 138.
  37. ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 173-174.
  38. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 176.
  39. ^ "Issue No.23 Mersey Beat Reveals The Beatles Are To Record!". Mersey Beat. http://www.merseybeat.co.uk/articles-details.php?cat=Bill+Harry's+Mersey+Beat&id=546. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
  40. ^ Lennon, John. "Mersey Beat, July, 1961: Being a Short Diversion on the Dubious Origins of Beatles". Beatle Tour. Archived from the original on 2008-02-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20080203072351/http://www.beatletour.com/d_mersey_beat.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-27. 
  41. ^ a b Kelly, Lisa, Holmes, David. "Bill Harry and Mersey Beat". Beatles No. 9. http://beatlesnumber9.com/billharry.html. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  42. ^ Lennon 2005, p. 99.
  43. ^ "Around and About by Beatcomber". Bill Harry/Mersey Beat Ltd.. http://www.mersey-beat.com/. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  44. ^ a b Miles 1997, p. 84.
  45. ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 264-265.
  46. ^ Miles 1997, p. 88.
  47. ^ Harry, Bill. Mersey Beat Story (p3) "The Mersey Beat Story (p3)". Mersey Beat Sound 2009. http://www.merseybeat.co.uk/articles-details.php?cat=The Mersey Beat Story (p3). Retrieved 2009-06-15. 
  48. ^ Miles 1997, pp. 84-85.
  49. ^ Frankel, Glenn (2007-08-26). "Nowhere Man". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/21/AR2007082101714.html. Retrieved 2008-04-19. 
  50. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 266.
  51. ^ James, Gary. "Gary James' Interview with Mersey Beat Magazine Founder Bill Harry". Gary James/Classic Bands. http://www.classicbands.com/BillHarryInterview.html. Retrieved 2009-06-27. 
  52. ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 266-268.
  53. ^ Miles 1997, p. 85.
  54. ^ The Beatles Anthology DVD (2003) (Episode 1 - 0:57:74) Harrison talking about Bob Wooler’s announcement.
  55. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 289.
  56. ^ Harry, Bill. "The Mersey Beat Story (p7)". Mersey Beat Sound 2009. http://www.merseybeat.co.uk/articles-details.php?cat=The. Retrieved 2009-06-15. 
  57. ^ a b c d "The Founders' Story (p3)". Bill Harry/Mersey Beat Ltd.. http://www.triumphpc.com/mersey-beat/about/founders-story3.shtml. Retrieved 2008-06-27. 
  58. ^ "Liverpool Days, Liverpool Life". Coppermine Photo Gallery. http://liverpooldays.com/photo/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=0&pos=0. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  59. ^ "London 5 June 2009". Mersey Cats. http://www.merseycats.com/Bill-Harry's-Cavern-Days.html. Retrieved 2009-06-19. 
  60. ^ Grant, Peter. "Beatles’ People – Bill Harry". Liverpool Echo. http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-entertainment/the-beatles/the-beatles-people/2001/03/28/bill-harry-100252-11006542/. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 

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[edit] External links

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