Botellón

Botellón (Spanish for "big bottle") is typically a nighttime Spanish activity when people congregate in public areas to socialize while drinking alcohol. The activity is popular among young teenagers and young adults partly in response to rising drink prices at bars or clubs, and partly because more people can meet in one place. Botellón is not an alternative to typical nightlife, but is rather an economical way to drink with people before going out to bars, discos, or clubs.

Origins

The origins of botellón trace back to Andalusia in the 1980s. Workers began buying alcohol to drink outdoors in areas such as plazas or parks instead of spending money in a bar or club.^{[citation needed]} Young people, especially students, adopted the concept of botellón in the '90s and it first appeared in the city of Cáceres (Extremadura). It is believed botellón has a correlation to an earlier closing times of nightclubs and bars.^{[citation needed]} However, today, botellón is a common and accepted custom and is sometimes even regulated in cities.

Characteristics

Botellón usually begins around 11:00 p.m. and ends around 3:00 a.m. when many people move to a bar or club.

Participants of botellón are typically young ranging from young teenagers to young adults. The majority of participants are male, who make up about 58% of the group, while the other 42% are female, with over two-thirds of them (70%) taking part in botellón on a weekly basis.

Statistics that show the relationship between botellón participation, gender and age.

According to a study,"El Fenómeno del Botellón," that compares the Spanish autonomous communities of Madrid, Galicia, and Jaéns' botellón phenomena, the more popular drinks during botellón are mixed drinks, calimocho (wine mixed with soda), and beer, while the less favorable drinks are cider, wine, and champagne.^{[citation needed]} Furthermore, the heavy consumption of alcohol during botellón has raised some concerns, and according to statistics, 64.2% are drinking the entire botellón while only 5.9% aren't drinking at all.^{[citation needed]}

Another common practice during botellón is cigarette smoking. There is no concrete evidence as to the relation of smoking and drinking, but one belief is because as participants reach the age to purchase alcohol they also reach the age to purchase cigarettes. Another issue of botellón is the use of cannabis. However, there is only speculation about its use and is believed not to be as prevalent as drinking or cigarette smoking.

The most common side-effects of botellón are headaches, loss or increase in appetite, insomnia, and lack of energy the following day.

Controversy

An abandoned empty vodka bottle after a botellón.^{[citation needed]}

There are many health, social, and economical concerns surrounding botellón. Because prohibition of drinking in the streets depends on the autonomous communities of Spain, botellón a problem in some communities while it is not a problem in others.^{[citation needed]} Although Andalusia, a southern autonomous community of Spain, prohibited public drinking in December 2006, botellón is still most common in the south of Spain because the weather is relatively warm year round.^{[citation needed]}

Major problems of botellón are the following:

1. Noise: Botellón is usually loud. Because participants gather in the streets and other public areas, there is little concern about the noise level and can disturb surrounding residents and citizens. Also, loud music contributes to the amount of noise, which is one reason why participants have begun moving to less populated areas in cities.
2. Vandalism: Botellón begins and ends in a park or plaza. After drinking, participants become careless and irresponsible, which can lead to left behind waste and vandalism. The city's morning cleaning crews are left to clean up cups, bags, bottles, broken glass, and human extrement, causing frustration and anxiety with non-participants. In response to these problems, some municipal authorities appointed special cleaning plans and attempted to charge participants a fine to offset the costs. However, it is difficult to find who is accountable for what, and only accounts for public damage, not private property.
3. Moral Issues: Some people believe botellón is morally unacceptable. Spanish adults generally accept drinking on the street during traditional fiestas, but believe participants of botellón drink for entertainment. Also, underage drinking is a controversial issue, and botellón is a relatively open form of drinking that gives easy access of alcohol to minors. Botellón is unregulated and the chance of minors drinking raises a concern. The legal age to purchase or drink alcohol in Spain is 18; however, minors continue to have easy access to it.^{[citation needed]}
4. Economic Issues: The cost of drinks in clubs and bars has risen, making it expensive for young people with little or no income to go out to a bar or club and drink. A response to this is to buy alcohol from a liquor store rather than going to a bar or club and participate in botellón.
5. Health Issues: Drinking too much can effect physical and mental health. According to the Global Post, "A recent Ministry of Health survey revealed that while one in four teenagers drank to get drunk 10 years ago, a full 50 percent of them do so now."

Measures Against Botellón

Since botellón is usually a nighttime activity, Spain passed a law that prohibits stores to sell alcohol to the public after 10:00 p.m, hoping to persuade people to attend clubs or bars where alcohol must remain on site.^{[citation needed]} However, the measure is a controversial one because people can still buy alcohol before the selling limit hour and consume it in public. Furthermore, the enforcement of the law is strongest in the most populated botellón areas and has caused some stores away from these enforcement areas to sell alcohol illegally after the limit hour, although they risk fines.

In some provinces, laws were passed that prohibited the consumption on alcohol in the streets, with the exception of local festivities. Violators risk a fine and minors risk additional fines for underage drinking, and may be taken home by the police.^{[citation needed]}

Nonetheless, botellón has become such a problem that the Mayor of Seville passed on an act which prohibited the consumption of any kind of drink in the streets, resulting in the confiscation of bottled water.^{[citation needed]}

In some cities, participants of botellón have moved to less populated areas either by force from local authorities patrolling an area or by choice from participants not wanting a fine. Another measure local authorities have modified public parks to remain closed at night and not allow entrance.

Possible Solutions

Most of these measures have fallen short of the intended goals, including the prohibition of drinking in the street. Therefore, there has been a recent movement to open designated botellón areas called botellódromo ("bottle track") to contain the activity. The area is far from residential homes, usually in distant industrial parks, and monitored by local authorities. An example is Alicante, a southern province. The province was the first to propose the idea of botellódromo and established a 4,000 sq. m. outdoor area located on a pier in the city of Alicante. The idea was to please both residents and participants by preventing the youth from occupying other parts of the city while also providing an area for botellón. The area is surveyed by police, but they do not interfere unless it is absolutely necessary. The area is equipped with trash bins, lighting and protection from the seafront.

Another example of a botellódromo is Granada, a southern province. In 2006, Granada's town hall designated an area of 9,500 sq. m. around the area of Huerta del Rasillo that is capable of hosting 20,000 people at once. In response to botellódromo, the youth have proposed an alternative solution to the botellón issue, suggesting bars and clubs lower drink prices and entrance fees, as well as other night activities such as sporting events, cultural festivities and other activities.

Macro-botellón

Macro-botellón is a large and usually preplanned botellón.

One example of a macro-botellón was on March 17, 2006, "Half of Spain [met] on the net to organize a macro-botellón."

The macro-botellón was organized in cities around Spain (Madrid, Barcelona, Sevilla, Oviedo, Murcia, Malaga, Córdoba, Granada, Jaén), as well as in Vitória, Brazil.

The purpose of the macro-botellón on March 17, 2006, near the Faro de Moncloa in Madrid, Spain, was to protest against the municipal restrictions on drinking alcohol in the streets. The other purpose was to surpass the 5,000 people that had met in Sevilla on February 16, 2006.^{[citation needed]} The city of Madrid condoned the event. "Madrid's City hall will not consent to the 'Macro-botellón' planned in Moncloa."

See also

• Alcohol intoxication
• Drinking in public
• Drunk walking
• Public intoxication