Chilopsis
| Chilopsis | |
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[[File:Chilopsis
linearis flower 2.jpg|frameless]] | |
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| Genus: | Chilopsis |
| Species: | C. linearis
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| Binomial name | |
| Chilopsis linearis | |
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| Natural range of Chilopsis linearis | |
| Synonyms | |
Chilopsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants containing the single species Chilopsis linearis.
It is a shrub or tree native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. The common name is desert willow[3] or desert-willow[4] because of its willow-like leaves, but it is a member of the catalpa family, Bignoniaceae. It is commonly seen in washes and along riverbanks at elevations below 1800m in its range.
Description
Ranging from 1.5 to as much as 8 meters in height, it can take the form of a shrub or small tree. The linear, curved, deciduous leaves are 10 to 26 cm long and just a few millimeters wide.
The generic name is derived from the Greek words χεῖλος, (cheilos), meaning "lip," and ὄψις (opsis), meaning "resembling," referring to the flowers. They occur in a terminal panicle or raceme, blooming in May through September. About two to four flowers at a time are open in each inflorescence. The calyx is about 8–14 mm, slightly inflated, and varying shades of purple, while the corolla is 2–5 cm, and with colors ranging from lavender to light pink. The throat and lower lip has a pattern of yellow ridges and purple lines, and the margins are crinkled. It is pollinated primarily by large bees in the family Apidae, such as carpenter bees, bumblebees, Anthophora, and Centris. The fruit is a linear pod up to 35 cm long, containing numerous winged seeds.
There are two subspecies:
- Chilopsis linearis subsp. linearis. Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas, Mexico.
- Chilopsis linearis subsp. arcuata. Nevada, California, Baja California.
Cultivation and uses
It is cultivated for its large, showy flowers, and tolerance of hot, dry climates. Although the natural growth is a very irregular shape, it can be readily pruned into a conventional tree shape. A number of cultivars have been selected. Some, such as 'Rio Salado', have dark purple or magenta flowers.
Chilopsis may survive temperatures as low as 10 degrees F (-12 °C).
Chilopsis is closely related to the genus Catalpa and hybrids can be made between the two genera. The nothogeneric hybrid between Chilopsis linearis and Catalpa bignonioides has been named ×Chitalpa tashkentensis. It originated in a botanic garden at Tashkent in Uzbekistan.
Parts of the plant have been used in traditional medicine. It has been used to treat fungal infections[5] such as candidiasis and athlete's foot, as well as wounds and cough.[6]
The wood was used to make bows and baskets.[7]
Gallery
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Form -
ssp. arcuata -
'Rio Salado'
References
- ^ Quattrocchi, U. (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Vol. 1 A-C. CRC Press. p. 514. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
- ^ "Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2001-03-08. Retrieved 2010-01-27.
- ^ Chilopsis linearis. USDA PLANTS.
- ^ Chilopsis linearis. NatureServe. 2012.
- ^ Moore, M. (1989). Medicinal Plants of the Desert and Canyon West. Museum of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-89013-104-X.
- ^ Ross, J., et al. Chilopsis linearis. Medicinal Plants of the Southwest. New Mexico State University. 2001.
- ^ Vines, R. (1960). Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of the Southwest. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-73414-2.
External links
- NatureServe secure species
- Bignoniaceae
- Monotypic Lamiales genera
- North American desert flora
- Trees of Northern Mexico
- Trees of the Southwestern United States
- Trees of the South-Central United States
- Trees of the Southern United States
- Flora of the California desert regions
- Flora of the U.S. Rio Grande Valleys
- Garden plants of North America
- Drought-tolerant trees
- Ornamental trees
- Plants and pollinators