Edmund Rice (1638)

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Edmund Rice Homesite Marker: The house was located in the current town of Wayland (formerly East Sudbury), Massachusetts at global coordinates 42°20′38″N 71°21′55″W / 42.343814°N 71.365357°W / 42.343814; -71.365357 near the "Old Connecticut Path" Indian Trail. Although the marker raised in 1913 states that Edmund Rice was born in Buckinghamshire, England, later research has found that he was born in Suffolk.

Edmund Rice (ca. 1594 – May 3, 1663), was an early immigrant to Massachusetts Bay Colony who was born in Suffolk, England, and lived in Stanstead, Suffolk and Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire before sailing with his kin to America. He landed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in summer or fall of 1638, thought to be first living in the town of Watertown, Massachusetts. Shortly thereafter he was a founder of Sudbury in 1638, and later in life, was one of the thirteen petitioners for the founding of Marlborough in 1656. He was a Deacon in the Puritan Church, and served in town politics as a selectman and judge, as well as serving five years as a member of the Great and General Court, the combined colonial legislature and judicial court of Massachusetts.[1][2]

Contents

[edit] Biography

Edmund Rice's rough birth date of 1594 is reckoned from a 3 April 1656 court deposition in Massachusetts in which he stated that he was 62 years old. His likely birthplace, somewhere in Suffolk in East Anglia, is found through the town of his marriage and of his earliest children's birth. Many of the church records from 1594 in Suffolk are lost, so any record of his birth or the names of his parents or any of his forebears is unknown.[3][4] Edmund Rice had a presumed brother, Henry, who married Elizabeth Frost (sister of Edmund's wife Thomasine) on 12 November 1605 at St. James Church,[5] Stanstead, Suffolk52°06′42″N 0°41′26″E / 52.111652°N 0.690641°E / 52.111652; 0.690641. Repeated attempts to find record of Edmund Rice's birth or the birth his presumed brother Henry in church or civil records of the Stanstead, Sudbury, Haverhill, and Bury St. Edmunds region of Suffolk have not been successful.[6]

Edmund Rice Homestead built about 1643 near the Old Connecticut Path in Sudbury (now Wayland). The house stayed in the Rice family until it burned down in the early 20th Century. The house was located at 42°20′40″N 71°22′00″W / 42.3444869°N 71.3666763°W / 42.3444869; -71.3666763 off present-day Charena Rd. in Wayland.

Considerable information about the early life of Edmund Rice in England can be gleaned from his children's baptismal records and land ownership and other public records in Stanstead, Suffolk and Berkhamsted, Hertsfordshire. He moved from Stanstead to Berkhamsted sometime in 1626, based upon the baptismal dates of his children Thomas and Lydia. That same year as a newcomer in town, Rice was named as a joint trustee along with Rev. Thomas Newman[nb 1] of a £50 grant for the benefit of the poor from King Charles I given on the occasion of his coronation.[10][11] As a result of a royal inquisition held on 1 April 1634, funds remaining in the custody of Rice and Newman were to be transferred to the bailiff and burgesses of Berkhamsted as part of an effort to consolidate several royal charity grants.[12][nb 2] While living in Berkhamsted, Rice acquired and was taxed on 3 acres (12,000 m2) of land in 1627, and on 15 acres (61,000 m2) from 1633 to 1637.[13]

There is no surviving record of Edmund Rice's voyage to America with his family,[nb 3] but it is known to have occurred between the 13 March 1638 baptism of his son Joseph in Berkhamsted and the petition to the Great and General Court to found Sudbury, Massachusetts 6 September 1638, showing all the Sudbury founders residing in Watertown, MA.[14] However, the 6 September 1638 petition to the General Court to found Sudbury does not explicitly mention Rice's name, so there is in actuality poor documentation of Rice's short-term residence in Watertown.

Between 1638 and 1657, Rice resided in Sudbury where he became a leader in the community. He was appointed on 4 September 1639 by the General Court to lay out the roads and lots of Sudbury, and he was granted 4 acres (16,000 m2) of land near the original Sudbury meetinghouse 42°22′26″N 71°22′21″W / 42.373835°N 71.372609°W / 42.373835; -71.372609. He served as a selectman in Sudbury in 1639 and subsequently for several years between 1644 and 1656. He was designated a freeman on 13 May 1640,[15] and was elected as a deputy (representative) of the Great and General Court in October 1640. He was later appointed as a Judge of Small Causes by the Massachusetts General Court for the Sudbury district on 2 June 1641.[16] Sumner Chilton Powell wrote, in his 1964 Pulitzer Prize winning Puritan Village: The Formation of a New England Town, "Not only did Rice become the largest individual landholder in Sudbury, but he represented his new town in the Massachusetts legislature for five years and devoted at least eleven of his last fifteen years to serving as selectman and judge of small causes." [17] In 1648, Rice was ordained as a Deacon in the Puritan Church at Sudbury.[18] He was reelected as a deputy of the Massachusetts General Court in 1652 through 1654. And by 1659, he had acquired about 600 acres (2.4 km2) of land in southeastern Sudbury (present day Wayland and Cochituate), including lands purchased from the probated estate of Henry Dunster.[19]

Signature of Edmund Rice on a 1659 land survey record of his estate purchase of the "Dunster Farm" property near Old Connecticut Path in old Sudbury. Original in Harvard University Archives, Cambridge.

Open field or communal farming was practiced in most of Sudbury, following traditions of the commons and governance practices brought from central and western England. Rice and twelve other dissenters from Sudbury who were interested in 'closed field' or owner-operator farming petitioned the Great and General Court in 1656 to create the town of Marlborough in which individual ownership of farmland was to be exclusively practiced.[20] Rice was elected a selectman at Marlborough in 1657 as the town was being established. The town was formally chartered on 12 June 1660 by the General Court. With his maximum allotment of 50 acres (200,000 m2) of land in Marlborough, Rice was one of the largest initial landholders of the new town.[21]

Edmund Rice Memorial erected in 1914 by his descendants at the Old North Cemetery, Wayland, Massachusetts

Edmund Rice died on 3 May 1663 in Marlborough, Massachusetts, and is presumed to be buried at the Old North Cemetery (site of the first Sudbury Meeting House) in what is now Wayland, Massachusetts 42°22′15″N 71°22′09″W / 42.370877°N 71.369052°W / 42.370877; -71.369052. Probate records show that his wife, Mercy, was executrix and that his estate was valued at £743, 8s, & 4p., which was a considerable sum for the time.[22][23]

[edit] Family data

Edmund Rice was married to Thomasine Frost (1600–1654) on October 15, 1618 in St. Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England52°14′33″N 0°43′02″E / 52.242431°N 0.717315°E / 52.242431; 0.717315 and they had 10 children including:[24]

  • Mary Rice, baptized August 23, 1619 at St. James Church Stanstead, Suffolk, England (possibly =Mary Axtell, married John Maynard 16 June 1646 after death of first husband Thomas Axtell that year at Sudbury, MA).[25][26][nb 4]
  • Henry Rice, baptized February 13, 1620 at St. James Church, Stanstead, Suffolk, died February 10, 1711 at Framingham, married Elizabeth Moore February 1, 1642
  • Edward Rice, baptized October 20, 1622 at St. James Church, Stanstead, Suffolk, died August 15, 1712 at Marlborough, MA, married Agnes Bent in 1646
  • Thomas Rice, baptized January 26, 1626 at St. James Church, Stanstead, Suffolk, died November 16, 1681 at Sudbury, MA, married Mary King 1652[27]
  • Lydia Rice, baptized March 9, 1627 at St. Peter's Church, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, died April 5, 1675, at Boston, MA, married Hugh Drury 1645.[28]
  • Matthew Rice, baptized February 28, 1628 at St. Peter's Church, Berkhamsted, died 1717 at Sudbury, MA, married Martha Lamson November 2, 1654.
  • Daniel Rice, baptized November 1, 1632 at St. Peter's Church, Berkhamsted, died November 10, 1632 at Berkhamsted.
  • Samuel Rice, baptized November 12, 1634 at St. Peter's Church, Berkhamsted, died February 25, 1684 at Marlborough, MA, married (1) Elizabeth King November 8, 1655, (2) Mary Dix September 1668, and (3) Sarah White December 13, 1676
  • Joseph Rice, baptized March 13, 1638, at St. Peter's Church, Berkhamsted, died December 23, 1711 at Stow, MA, married (1) Mercy King May 4, 1658, (2) Mary Beers in 1670, and (3) Sarah Prescott on February 22, 1678.[29]
  • Benjamin Rice, born May 31, 1640 at Sudbury, MA, died December 19, 1713 at Sudbury, MA, married (1) Mary Browne on June 2, 1661, and (2) Mary Chamberlain in April 1, 1691

After the death of Thomasine Frost Rice on June 13, 1654 in Sudbury, MA, Edmund Rice married Mercy Brigham (ca1618-1693) on March 1, 1655 in Sudbury, MA. Mercy Brigham was the widow of Thomas Brigham (1603–1653).[30] This marriage began the long association between the Rice and Brigham families. The maiden name of Mercy Brigham, often cited as Hurd, is uncertain due to lack of any primary documentation. Two daughters were born to Edmund and Mercy Rice as follows:

  • Lydia Rice, born circa 1657 at Sudbury, MA, died May 26, 1718, married James Hawkins circa 1678
  • Ruth Rice, born September 29, 1659 at Marlborough, MA, died March 30, 1742 at Glastonbury, Connecticut, married Capt. Samuel Welles, son of Thomas Welles on 20 June 1683

[edit] Genetic research

The Edmund Rice (1638) Association[31] has conducted extensive haplotype DNA testing on males known to or believed to have descended from seven sons of Edmund Rice.[32][33] Table 1 shows the reconstructed haplotype of Edmund Rice showing 75 Y-STR markers.

Table 1. - Edmund Rice (ca1594 - 1663) reconstructed Y-STR haplotype
Y-STR Allele Y-STR Allele Y-STR Allele Y-STR Allele Y-STR Allele
DYS19 14 DYS381i 12 DYS382ii 28 DYS385a 14 DYS385b 14
DYS388 14 DYS390 23 DYS391 10 DYS392 11 DYS393 13
DYS395a 15 DYS395b 15 DYS406s1 9 DYS413a 25 DYS413b 25
DYS425 12 DYS426 11 DYS436 12 DYS437 16 DYS438 10
DYS439 11 DYS441 16 DYS442 12 DYS444 13 DYS445 11
DYS446 13 DYS447 23 DYS448 18 DYS449 28 DYS450 8
DYS454 11 DYS455 8 DYS456 14 DYS458 15 DYS459a 8
DYS459b 9 DYS460 10 DYS461 12 DYS462 13 DYS463 21
DYS464a 12 DYS464b 14 DYS464c 15 DYS464d 16 DYS472 8
DYS481 25 DYS487 12 DYS490 12 DYS492 12 DYS511 10
DYS520 20 DYS531 11 DYS534 15 DYS537 11 DYS557 15
DYS565 11 DYS568 11 DYS570 20 DYS572 11 DYS576 17
DYS578 8 DYS590 8 DYS594 10 DYS607 14 DYS617 13
DYS635 23 DYS640 11 DYS641 10 CDYa 38 CDYb 39
Y-GATA-A10 15 Y-GATA-H4 11 Y-GGAAT-1B07 11 YCA-IIa 19 YCA-IIb 21
Notes: 1) See List of Y-STR markers for explanation of the markers.

Data show that Y-chromosome markers (Y-STR) from known descendants of Edmund are consistent with Haplogroup I1 (DYS455 = 8; YCA-IIa,b = 19, 21)[34] with likely Norse/Scandinavian (DYS511 = 10; DYS462 = 13) or lesser likely Anglo-Saxon deep ancestry origin.[35] Thus Edmund's reconstructed haplotype lacks specific characteristics of Haplogroup R1b consistent with Celtic Welsh, Briton, or Irish ancestry predominantly found in other Rice family lines (See: Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic groups). Additionally, the Haplogroup I1 result for Edmund Rice is consistent with his presumed origins in East Anglia, because this haplogroup is very frequently found among residents in that region of England[36][37] and there is historic and archaeological evidence of Scandinavian colonization of the region[38]

Plaque memorializing the death of one and capture of four Rice boys from a flax field with the inscription, "In the Field South of this Spot August 8, 1704 Indians Killed Nahor and Captured Ashur, Adonijah, Silas and Timothy Rice." The monument is located in Westborough, Massachusetts near Westborough High School at global coordinates 42°15′57″N 71°37′05″W / 42.265712°N 71.617979°W / 42.265712; -71.617979.

The testing also revealed direct male descendants with the surname King as a name change had occurred with Samuel Rice 1667-1713, (aka Lt. Samuel Rice King).[39] Likewise some descendants with Edmund Rice genetic markers have the surname Royce due to name changes, e.g. Alpheus Rice 1787-1871 (aka Capt. Alpheus Royce).[40] The testing further revealed genetic markers of Edmund Rice among members of the Mohawk nation with the surname of Rice; with the tested individuals most probably having descended from Silas Rice,[41] one of four Rice boys[42][43][44][45] who were captured during Queen Anne's War by Mohawks on 8 August 1704 at Marlborough (later Westborough), Massachusetts, carried off and raised in Kahnawake, Canada.[41][46]

[edit] Edmund's descendants

The Edmund Rice (1638) Association estimates that after 13 or 14 generations, descendants of Edmund Rice may be in the many hundreds of thousands to millions.[nb 5] Edmund has several notable known descendants including:[47][48][49]

[edit] References

Notes
  1. ^ Rev. Thomas Newman served as rector of St. Peter's Church in Berkhamsted for over 40 years (1598-1639) and served for a time as a Chief Burgess of Berkhamsted and mayor in 1631.[7] According to parish records Newman was the second husband of Bridget (Dryden) Marbury, who was mother of Anne Marbury Hutchinson by way of her first husband Francis Marbury.[8] Despite being a staunch Anglican, by 1645 Newman fell into political disfavor by being barred from the rectory of St. Peter's by Act of Parliament for a payment delinquency.[9]
  2. ^ Documents regarding the royal grant and the transfer of funds to civil officials never refer to Edmund Rice as "Mr. Rice" as was customary for men of high status. In Berkhamsted, Edmund was considered an ordinary yeoman farmer.
  3. ^ It is possible to estimate the cost of passage of Edmund and his family to America based upon other families traveling at that time. According to Powell (1963), Edmund's Sudbury town mate, Peter Noyes and his family sailed from England aboard the ship Jonathan on 12 April 1639 in a party consisting of 10 people along with provisions and family effects. The bill of passage was £76.8.0.
  4. ^ Further circumstantial evidence for Mary Axtell Maynard being the daughter of Edmund Rice beyond those presented by Marilyn Axtell Cheney (1988)[25] includes the fact that the three children of Thomas and Mary Axtell were named Mary (1639-1704), Henry (1641-1676) and Lydia (1644-1717), all matching in names of Edmund's children from the previous generation, with two of these children (Mary & Henry) born in Berkhamsted prior to the 1643 Axtell immigration to Sudbury, and with Lydia born one year before the marriage of her presumed aunt Lydia Rice to Hugh Drury in Sudbury.
  5. ^ In Edmund's time families averaged 8 to 9 children, many of whom did not live to reproductive age. Furthermore, in the 17th and 18th centuries, marriages between cousins was more prevalent than it is now, which would drive the nominal estimate of the number of descendants downward. More recently since the mid-20th century, family sizes have declined to around 2 children, but there is a higher likelihood of these children surviving to marriage and reproduction. So, assuming a modest average of 2.5 to 3 offspring per family over the generations reaching maturity and producing offspring, the nominal estimate over 14 generations would be 2.5^14 = 372 thousand to 3^14 = 4.78 million descendants.
Citations
  1. ^ "Who was Edmund Rice?". The Edmund Rice (1638) Association, Inc.. http://www.edmund-rice.org/edmund.htm. Retrieved 2009-April-13. 
  2. ^ Powell, Sumner Chilton. (1963). Puritan Village. The Formation of a New England Town. Middletown CT: Wesleyan University Press. 215pp. ISBN 0-8195-6014-6
  3. ^ Holman, Mary Lovering. (1934). English notes on Edmund Rice. The American Genealogist 10:133-137.
  4. ^ Jacobus, Donald Lines. (1936). English Ancestry of Edmund Rice, Sudbury, Massachusetts. The American Genealogist 11:14-21.
  5. ^ "St. James Church, Stanstead". Suffolk Churches. http://www.suffolkchurches.co.uk/stanstead.htm. Retrieved 1 November 2010. 
  6. ^ Martin, Joanna (1999). Report on parish records from Suffolk, England (summary). Edmund Rice (1638) Association Newsletter, Fall 1999. (See: http://www.edmund-rice.org/ancestors.htm); Dr. Martin's full 1999 report was deposited in the Rice Family Collections, Goodnow Library, Sudbury, MA
  7. ^ p.28 in Powell (1963) op. cit.
  8. ^ Meredith B. Colket and Edward N. Dunlop. (1936). The English ancestry of Anne Marbury Hutchinson and Katherine Marbury Scott: including their descent and that of John Dryden, poet-laureate, from Magna Charta sureties with notes on the English connections of the settlers William Wentworth and Christopher Lawson of New Hampshire and Francis Marbury of Maryland. Magee Publishing Company, Philadelphia. 60pp.
  9. ^ pp. 373-376. In: William Urwick (1884). Nonconformity in Herts: being lectures upon the nonconforming worthies of St. Albans, and memorials of Puritanism and Nonconformity in all the parishes of the County of Hertford. Hazell, Watson, and Viney Publishers, London. 875pp.
  10. ^ p. 197, The Charities of Hertfordshire, In: Middlesex and Hertfordshire Notes and Queries, Volume IV. F.E. Robinson Publishers, London. 1898.
  11. ^ p. 45 In: Cobb, John W. (1883). Two Lectures on the History and Antiquities of Berkhamsted. Nichols and Sons, London.
  12. ^ p. 198, The Charities of Hertfordshire, In: Middlesex and Hertfordshire Notes and Queries, Volume IV. F.E. Robinson Publishers, London. 1898.
  13. ^ Berkhamsted land records, Appendix III, p. 178 in Powell (1963) op. cit.
  14. ^ p. 74, in Powell (1963). op. cit.
  15. ^ Lucias R. Paige, List of Freemen of Massachusetts 1631–1691 (1849, 1978 edition), p17. ISBN 0-8063-0806-0
  16. ^ Hudson, Alfred Sereno. (1889). The History of Sudbury, Massachusetts. Town of Sudbury. 661pp.Download PDF
  17. ^ p. 21 in Powell (1963) op. cit.
  18. ^ p. 1 in: Ward, Andrew Henshaw. 1858. A genealogical History of the Rice Family: Descendants of Deacon Edmund Rice, Boston: C. Benjamin Richardson, Publisher. 379pp. Download PDF
  19. ^ p. 33. in: Smith, Elsie Hawes. (1938). Edmund Rice and His Family. Edmund Rice (1638) Association, Inc. 100pp.
  20. ^ p. 160 in Hudson (1889) op. cit.
  21. ^ "Marlborough History". Marlborough Tercentennial Commission/Roots Web. http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~historyofmarlborough/historyindepth.htm#HISTORY. Retrieved 27 June 2009. 
  22. ^ p. 34 in: Smith (1938). op. cit.
  23. ^ "On the Wealth of Edmund Rice, by Michael A. Rice". Edmund Rice (1638) Association Newsletter, Fall, 2007 Vol 81: no. 4 p. 19. http://www.edmund-rice.org/newsletters/vol_81_4_2007_fall.pdf. Retrieved 26 July 2009. 
  24. ^ "Edmund Rice in the Edmund Rice Six-Generation Database". Edmund Rice (1638) Association. http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p28.htm#i1. Retrieved 2009-April-12. 
  25. ^ a b ""A Myth Put to Rest", by Marilyn Axtell Cheney (1988)". Axtell Genealogy Website. http://www.axtellfamily.org/axgenea/axcheney.html. Retrieved 9 August 2009. 
  26. ^ "John Maynard genealogy". http://webpages.charter.net/mroman/maynard.htm. Retrieved 10 August 2009. 
  27. ^ "Find a Grave: Thomas Rice". http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=29453177. Retrieved 20 August 2009. 
  28. ^ "Find a Grave: Lydia Rice Drury". http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=26590052. Retrieved 19 August 2009. 
  29. ^ "Joseph Rice at Find a Grave". http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=35927713. Retrieved 25 Sep 2011. 
  30. ^ Brigham, W.I.T., E.E. Brigham, and W.E. Brigham (1907). The history of the Brigham family; a record of several thousand descendants of Thomas Brigham the emigrant, 1603-1653. The Grafton Press, New York. 810pp. pdf
  31. ^ "Edmund Rice (1638) Association". http://www.edmund-rice.org/. Retrieved 2009-April-12. 
  32. ^ Perego, Ugo A. (December 2005). "The Science of Molecular Genealogy" (PDF). National Genealogy Society. http://www.smgf.org/resources/papers/The%20_Science_of_Molecular_Genealogy_NGSQ_2005.pdf. Retrieved 14 May 2007. 
  33. ^ "Rice Family DNA Project". Edmund Rice (1638) Association. http://www.edmund-rice.org/haplotype.htm. Retrieved 14 May 2007. 
  34. ^ "Allele Frequency Among I1a Samples, PDF". Vincent Vizachero (www.vizachero.com). http://www.vizachero.com/I1aFreqTable.pdf. Retrieved 31 August 2009. 
  35. ^ "Y-DNA Haplogroup I — Modal Haplotypes for Nordtvedt's Clusters". DGHweb based on research of Kenneth Nordtvedt. http://dgmweb.net/DNA/General/Hg-I-subclades-FTDNA-order.html. Retrieved 27 July 2011. 
  36. ^ Weale, Michael E., Deborah A. Weiss, Rolf F. Jager, Neil Bradman and Mark G. Thomas (2002). Y Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration. Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:1008-1021. Abstract & PDF download
  37. ^ Capelli, Christian, Nicola Redhead, Julia K. Abernethy, Fiona Gratrix, James F. Wilson, Torolf Moen, Tor Hervig, Martin Richards, Michael P.H. Stumpf, Peter A. Underhill, Paul Bradshaw, Alom Shaha, Mark G. Thomas, Neal Bradman, and David B. Goldstein (2003). A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles. Current Biology 13:979-984 download PDF
  38. ^ "Vikings and the new East Anglian towns by Andrew Rogerson". British Archaeology Issue 35, June 1998. Simon Denison (ed.). ISSN 1357-4442.. http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba35/ba35regs.html. Retrieved 24 Sep 2011. 
  39. ^ "Lt. Samuel Rice King". Edmund Rice (1638) Association. http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p21.htm#i178. Retrieved 9 August 2009. 
  40. ^ "Capt. Alpheus Royce". Edmund Rice (1638) Association. http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p32.htm#i59329. Retrieved 9 August 2009. 
  41. ^ a b McAleer, Beth and Robert V. Rice. (2005). Y-DNA Secures Identity of Rice Mohawk Native American with Edmund Rice Haplotype, New England Ancestors 6(4):48-50.
  42. ^ "Ashur Rice". Edmund Rice (1638) six-generation database online. http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p28.htm#i95. Retrieved 31 August 2009. 
  43. ^ "Adonijah Rice". Edmund Rice (1638) six-generation database online. http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p27.htm#i96. Retrieved 31 August 2009. 
  44. ^ "Silas Rice". Edmund Rice (1638) six-generation database online. http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p31.htm#i1668. Retrieved 31 August 2009. 
  45. ^ "Timothy Rice". Edmund Rice (1638) six-generation database online. http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p32.htm#i1669. Retrieved 31 August 2009. 
  46. ^ Parkman, Ebenezer. 1906. The Story of the Rice Boys: Captured by the Indians August 4, 1704. Westborough Historical Society, Westborough, MA. 7pp. Download PDF
  47. ^ "Edmund Rice Six-Generation Database". Edmund Rice (1638) Association. http://www.edmund-rice.org/genealogy.htm. Retrieved 2009-April-12. 
  48. ^ Ward (1858). op. cit.
  49. ^ Edmund Rice (1638) Association, 2011. Descendants of Edmund Rice: The First Nine Generations. (CD-ROM)

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[edit] See also

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