Reynoutria multiflora

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Reynoutria multiflora
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Core eudicots
Order:
Caryophyllales
Family:
Polygonaceae
Genus:
Fallopia
Species:
F. multiflora
Binomial name
Fallopia multiflora
Synonyms[1][2]
Synonyms
  • Aconogonon hypoleucum (Kudô & Sasaki) Soják
  • Bilderdykia multiflora (Thunb.) Roberty & Vautier
  • Fagopyrum multiflora (Thunb.) I.Grinţ.
  • Fagopyrum multiflorum (Thunb.) I. Grinţ.
  • Helxine multiflorum (Thunb.) Raf
  • Polygonum convolvulus Thunb. ex Mat
  • Polygonum multiflorus Turcz ex Nakai
  • Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. 1784
  • Polygonum hypoleucum Ohwi
  • Pleuropterus multiflorus (Thunb.) Nakai
  • Pleuropterus cordatus Turcz.
  • Pleuropterus hypoleucus Nakai (invalid name)
  • Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke

Fallopia multiflora is a synonym for Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke[2] also called polygonum multiflorum thunb, tuber fleeceflower,[3] Chinese knotweed, and He Shou Wu (HSW, Chinese: 何首乌; pinyin: héshǒuwū; Wade–Giles: he-shou-wu), is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family Polygonaceae. It is native to central and southern China.[4][5]

Description

Fallopia multiflora, also known as Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PMT), officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is one of the most popular perennial Chinese traditional medicines known as He shou wu in China and East Asia. [6] Another name for Fallopia multiflora is Fo-ti.[7] It is traditionally valued and reported for anti-aging effects as well as low toxicity. Its anti-aging benefits include 6 specific aspects: blood pressure - balances blood pressure, reduces triglyceride and cholesterol levels; reproductive - nourishes reproductive system and increase sexual vitality; hair health - treatment of health loss and premature graying; constipation - comes from a substance called emodin; detox - cleanses kidney, liver and urinary tract; women's health - helps in healthy menstrual flow. [8]

Fallopia multiflora is a herbaceous perennial vine growing to 2–4 m (6 ft 7 in – 13 ft 1 in) tall from a woody tuber. The leaves are 3–7 cm (1.2–2.8 in) long and 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) broad, broad arrowhead-shaped, with an entire margin. The flowers are 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) diameter, white or greenish-white, produced on short, dense panicles up to 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long in summer to mid autumn. The fruit is an achene 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.118 in) long.[4]

Traditional medicine

Mounting pharmacological studies have stressed out its key benefice for the treatment of various diseases and medical conditions such as liver injury, cancer, diabetes, alopecia, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases as well.[9]

Some research suggests that a compound found in Fallopia multiflora may help treat Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, two usual diseases for aging population, and it may also have neuroprotective properties and antioxidant effects.[10]

Fallopia multiflora is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic and an anti-aging remedy.[11]

Chemistry

More than 100 chemical compounds have been isolated from Fallopia multiflora, and the major components have been determined to be stilbenes, quinones, flavonoids and others. Crude extracts and pure compounds of this plant are used as effective agents in pre-clinical and clinical practice due to their anti-aging, anti-hyperlipidaemia, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects and to promote immunomodulation, neuroprotection, and the curing of other diseases.[12]

Processed polygonum multiflorum is considered safer than raw. Overconsumption can lead to toxicity-induced hepatitis.[13][14][15][16]Its extract contains a stilbene glycoside.[17]

Medical Use

Several research have suggest the extract of Polygonum multiflorum have the promotion effect on anti-aging and hair growth.[18][19]

Fallopia multiflora is used for treating tuberculosis that has spread to the lymph nodes, cancer, inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis), and constipation. It is also used as a liver and kidney “tonic”; as a blood and “vital essence” toner; and to fortify muscles, tendons, and bones. Fo-ti is also used for high cholesterol and other elevated blood fats, trouble sleeping (insomnia), limb numbness, lower back and knee soreness or weakness, premature graying, hair loss, and dizziness with ringing in the ears (tinnitus). [20]

There are multiple dietary supplement products of Fo-ti extracts available in North America, advertised as “one of the most powerful anti-aging herbs”[21], “considered one of China's four great herbs”[22], “easy-to-use, time-saving convenient packaging”[23].

References

  1. ^ Tropicos, Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson
  2. ^ a b "The Plant List, Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden.
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Polygonum multiflorum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Fallopia multiflora". Flora of China.
  5. ^ "Fallopia multiflora". Germplasm Resources Information Network.
  6. ^ "Review of clinical studies of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and its isolated bioactive compounds". PMC. 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Fo-ti". WebMD.
  8. ^ Lin, Longfei; Ni, Boran; Lin, Hongmei; Zhang, Miao; etc. (15 January 2015). "Traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: A review". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 159: 158–183.
  9. ^ "Review of clinical studies of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and its isolated bioactive compounds". PMC. 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Lin, Longfei; Ni, Boran; Lin, Hongmei; Zhang, Miao; etc. (15 January 2015). "Traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: A review". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 159: 158–183.
  11. ^ "Polygonum multiflorum and liver reactions". MHRA. 2006. Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Lin, Longfei; Ni, Boran; Lin, Hongmei; Zhang, Miao; etc. (15 January 2015). "Traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: A review". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 159: 158–183.
  13. ^ Cho, Hyun Chin; Min, Hyun Ju; Ha, Chang Yoon; Kim, Hyun Jin; Kim, Tae Hyo; Jung, Woon-Tae; Lee, Ok Jae; Bae, In-Gyu (2009). "Reactivation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Patient with Polygonum multiflorum Thunb-Induced Hepatitis". Gut and Liver. 3 (1): 52–6. doi:10.5009/gnl.2009.3.1.52. PMC 2871557. PMID 20479902.
  14. ^ Wang, T; Wang, J; Jiang, Z; Zhou, Z; Li, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, L (2012). "Study on hepatotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Polygonum multiforum in rats after 28-day oral administration-analysis on correlation of cholestasis". Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 37 (10): 1445–50. PMID 22860459.
  15. ^ Jung, KA; Min, HJ; Yoo, SS; Kim, HJ; Choi, SN; Ha, CY; Kim, HJ; Kim, TH; et al. (2011). "Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Twenty Five Cases of Acute Hepatitis Following Ingestion of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb". Gut and liver. 5 (4): 493–9. doi:10.5009/gnl.2011.5.4.493. PMC 3240794. PMID 22195249.
  16. ^ Cárdenas, A; Restrepo, JC; Sierra, F; Correa, G (2006). "Acute hepatitis due to shen-min: A herbal product derived from Polygonum multiflorum". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 40 (7): 629–32. doi:10.1097/00004836-200608000-00014. PMID 16917407.
  17. ^ "Antioxidant activity of stilbene glycoside from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb in vivo".
  18. ^ Li, Yunfei; Han, Mingnuan; Lin, Pei; He, Yanran; Yu, Jie; Zhao, Ronghua (2015). "Hair Growth Promotion Activity and Its Mechanism of". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2015/517901. PMID 4534627.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  19. ^ Park, Hye-Jin; Zhang, Nannan; Park, Dong Ki (May 2011). "Topical application of Polygonum multiflorum extract induces hair growth of resting hair follicles through upregulating Shh and β-catenin expression in C57BL/6 mice". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 135 (2): 369–375. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.028.
  20. ^ "FO-TI: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warning". WebMD. 2009. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "Paradise Herbs Fo Ti Traditionally Prepared Vegetarian Capsulest". Paradise Herbs.
  22. ^ "Nature′s Way Fo-ti Root". GNC.
  23. ^ "Biofinest He Shou Wu (Fo-Ti) Extract Powder". Biofinest.

External links

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